Verilog与VHDL测试平台编写指南

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"《Writing Testbenches》是Janick Bergeron所著的一本关于硬件描述语言(HDL)模型的功能验证书籍，主要关注如何编写Testbenches。本书由Kluwer Academic Publishers出版，探讨了Verilog和VHDL在测试平台编写中的应用。" 在数字集成电路设计中，**Testbench** 是一个至关重要的概念，它是验证设计功能是否符合规范的关键工具。这本书《Writing Testbenches: Functional Verification of HDL Models》深入讲解了如何有效地创建和使用Testbenches，特别是在Verilog和VHDL这两种常用的硬件描述语言中。 **Verilog** 和 **VHDL** 是两种广泛使用的HDL，它们允许工程师以类似于编程语言的方式描述数字系统的逻辑。Verilog通常被认为更接近于C语言，而VHDL则更接近于Ada或Pascal。两者都可以用于设计和验证数字电路，但在Testbench的编写上，它们有各自的特点和语法。在书中，作者Janick Bergeron可能会讨论以下知识点： 1. **Testbench的基本概念**：解释Testbench的作用，即模拟真实环境来测试设计的行为，确保设计满足预期的功能和性能需求。 2. **Testbench的结构**：介绍如何组织Testbench代码，包括初始化、激励生成、断言和覆盖率分析等部分。 3. **随机化测试**：讨论如何使用随机化激励来增加测试的覆盖率，确保设计在各种可能的输入条件下都能正确工作。 4. **高级验证方法**：可能涵盖UVM（Universal Verification Methodology）等现代验证框架，以及如何在Verilog和VHDL中实现这些方法。 5. **接口与协议仿真**：讲解如何在Testbench中模拟复杂的通信协议，如PCIe、USB等。 6. **覆盖率度量**：解释如何定义和度量验证覆盖率，以便评估Testbench的质量和完整性。 7. **调试技巧**：分享如何有效地调试Testbench和设计，找出潜在的问题。 8. **VHDL与Verilog的对比**：比较两种语言在Testbench编写上的优缺点，帮助读者根据项目需求选择合适的技术。 9. **实例分析**：提供实际的Testbench代码示例，帮助读者理解理论知识在实际工程中的应用。 10. **阅读路径**：根据读者的不同背景和需求，书中的阅读路径指导读者如何有针对性地学习和掌握Testbench编写技术。通过阅读这本书，工程师可以提升在Verilog和VHDL中编写Testbenches的能力，从而提高数字系统设计的验证质量和效率。对于从事IC设计、FPGA开发和系统验证的专业人士来说，这是一份宝贵的参考资料。

With gate counts and system complexity growing exponentially,

engineers confront the most perplexing challenge in product

design: functional verification. The bulk of the time consumed in

the design of new ICs and systems is now spent on verification.

New and interesting design technologies like physical synthesis and

design reuse that create ever-larger designs only aggravate the

problem. What the EDA tool industry has continuously failed to

realize is that the real problem is not how to create a 12 million gate

IC that runs at 600 MHz, but how to verify it.

The true path to rapid and accurate system verification includes

both tool and methodology innovation. Engineers are compelled to

use the best verification and design tools available to shorten design

cycle time. But it is a grave mistake to assume that simply having

the best tools will result in quality ICs and systems that meet mar-

ket demands and mitigate competitive pressures. Indeed, the best

determinant of successful IC and system design is how the engineer

approaches the problem. The vast majority of engineers still

approach verification using methods dating back a dozen years or

more. If dramatic improvement in verification efficiency is to come

about, real change in the way engineers approach verification is

mandatory and urgent.

A review of available texts on verification reveals a lack of mature

knowledge and leadership on the topic: the EDA tool industry is

conspicuously silent. This text marks the first genuine effort at

Writing Testbenches: Functional Verification of HDL Models

FOREWORD

Preface

Basic language textbooks appeared early in the life of hardware

description languages. They continue to appear as the presentation

styles are refined to facilitate their understanding or as they are

tuned to a particular audience. But the benefits of additional lan-

guage textbooks is quickly diminishing.

Since the introduction of hardware description languages and logic

synthesis technology in the mid 80’s, a lot of expertise on coding

styles and synthesis methodologies has been developed to obtain

desired results. A lot of that expertise has been presented at confer-

ences, has been codified in textbooks, and is available as introduc-

tory and advanced training classes. Early language-focused

textbooks were re-edited to include chapters on synthesizeable cod-

ing and many books entirely devoted to that topic now exist. The

synthesis process, although complex, is now well understood and

many resources are available to communicate that understanding.

Standard procedures and techniques have been developed to pre-

dictably produce adequate results.

At the time I started writing this book, it was going to be the first

book specifically devoted to verification techniques for hardware

models. I will introduce you to the latest verification techniques

that have been successfully used to produce first-time-right ASICs,

Systems-on-a-Chip (SoC), boards, and entire systems.

WHAT THIS BOOK IS ABOUT

I will first introduce the necessary concepts and tools of verifica-

tion, then I’ll describe a process for carrying out an effective func-

tional verification of a design. It is necessary to cover some

language semantics that are often overlooked or oversimplified in

textbooks intent on describing the synthesizeable subset. These

unfamiliar semantics become important in understanding what

makes a well-implemented and robust testbench and in providing

the necessary control and monitor features.

I will also present techniques for applying stimulus and monitoring

the response of a design, by abstracting the operations using bus-

functional models. The architecture of testbenches built around

these bus-functional models is important to minimize development

and maintenance effort.

xviii

Writing Testbenches: Functional Verification of HDL Models

What Prior Knowledge You Should Have

Behavioral modeling is another important concept presented in this

book. It is used to parallelize the implementation and verification of

a design and to perform more efficient simulations. For many,

behavioral modeling is synonymous with synthesizeable or RTL

modeling. In this book, the term “behavioral” is used to describe

any model that adequately emulates the functionality of a design,

usually using non-synthesizeable constructs and coding style.

WHAT PRIOR KNOWLEDGE YOU SHOULD HAVE

This book focuses on the functional verification of hardware

designs using either VHDL or Verilog. I expect the reader to have

at least a basic knowledge of one of the languages. Ideally, you

should have experience in writing synthesizeable models and be

familiar with running a simulation using any of the available

VHDL or Verilog simulators. There will be no description of lan-

guage syntax or grammar. It may be a good idea to have a copy of a

language-focused textbook as a reference along with this book

. I

do not describe the synthesizeable subset, nor limit the implementa-

tion of the verification techniques to using that subset. Verification

is a complex task: the power of either language will be used to their

fullest.

I also expect that you have a basic understanding of digital hard-

ware design. This book uses several hypothetical designs from var-

ious domains of application (video, datacom, computing, etc.).

How these designs are actually specified, architected, then imple-

mented is beyond the scope of this book. The content focuses on the

specification, architecture, then implementation of the verification

of these same designs.

1. For Verilog, I recommend The Verilog Hardware Description Language

by Thomas & Moorby, 3rd edition or later (Kluwer Academic Pub-

lisher). For VHDL, I recommend VHDL Coding Styles and Methodolo-

gies by Ben Cohen (Kluwer Academic Publisher).

Writing Testbenches: Functional Verification of HDL Models

xix

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