Eur. Phys. J. C (2016) 76:248
DOI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4090-0
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
A generalized model for compact stars
Abdul Aziz
1,a
, Saibal Ray
2,b
, Farook Rahaman
3,c
1
Department of Physics, Bodai High School (H.S.), Bodai, Amdanga, North 24 Parganas, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India
2
Department of Physics, Government College of Engineering and Ceramic Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
3
Department of Mathematics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
Received: 17 March 2016 / Accepted: 12 April 2016 / Published online: 2 May 2016
© The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Abstract By virtue of the maximum entropy principle, we
get an Euler–Lagrange equation which is a highly nonlin-
ear differential equation containing the mass function and its
derivatives. Solving the equation by a homotopy perturba-
tion method we derive a generalized expression for the mass
which is a polynomial function of the radial distance. Using
the mass function we find a partially stable configuration and
its characteristics. We show that different physical features
of the known compact stars, viz. Her X−1, RXJ 1856−37,
SAX J (SS1), SAX J (SS2), and PSR J 1614 − 2230, can
be explained by the present model.
1 Introduction
To find an analytical solution of nonlinear equations has
always been a great challenge in relativistic astrophysics
as well as cosmology. Considering different methods and
approximations mathematicians and relativists attempted to
find the suitable interior solutions of physical interest. It is
in this aspect seen that the homotopy perturbation method
(HPM) is a powerful yet simple tool to solve several highly
nonlinear equations with the least number of assumptions as
can be seen in the literature [1–13].
It is interesting to note that in one of his earlier works He
[4] proposed a coupling method of a homotopy technique
and a perturbation technique to solve a nonlinear equation.
In contrast to the traditional perturbation methods, the pro-
posed method by He did not require any small perturbation
in the equation to obtain an effective and simple solution.
Thereafter several researchers have employed the HPM in
the diverse fields of mathematics and physics [14–18].
For special mention in the field of astrophysics, it is
observed that by using the MIT bag model, Rahaman et
a
e-mail: azizmail2012@gmail.com
b
e-mail: saibal@associates.iucaa.in
c
e-mail: rahaman@associates.iucaa.in
al. [19] obtained a deterministic model for a strange star
where they considered a mass polynomial and analyzed crit-
ically all the physical properties from the model. However,
their model was unable to explain the physical properties up
to 6 km from the center of the spherical system.
Deb et al. [20] attempted to find a new class of solutions
relating to a radiation model by using the HPM. The spheri-
cal distribution was considered to be made of a perfect fluid
where radiation is along the radially outward direction of the
system. Here we have employed the HPM as a new tool for
astrophysical systems which via the mass polynomial facili-
tates solving of the field equations. A set of interior solutions
has been found on the basis of the equation of state in the
form p =
1
3
ρ, where p and ρ are the radial pressure and den-
sity of the matter distribution, with the requirement that the
radiation model is consistent with the Schwarzschild metric.
It is observed that the set of solutions thus developed pro-
vides a new metric to explain strange stars, which, however,
seems to be not free from a singularity.
In another work Rahaman et al. [21] employed the HPM
for a spherically symmetric system of a radiating star which
was shown to suffer from an instability problem. It is
observed from the mass function that it was possible to
explain the features of an E0 type brown dwarf star with
0.065 M
(i.e. 45227 km) whereas the stability of the brown
dwarf could not be explained which suffers from an instabil-
ity within the region of the core radius 41800 km. However, in
the present investigation we propose a general mass function
and use it for different cases.
Therefore the motivation of the present work is to provide
a general model for compact stars by employing a polynomial
parameter n and to find the different features of compact
stars with this mass function. We derive expressions for the
density, pressure, redshift etc. and have shown that several
known compact stars, e.g. Her X − 1, RXJ 1856 − 37,
SAX J (SS1), SAX J (SS2), and PSR J 1614 − 2230, can
be well explained by this model.
123