Python Flask全栈开发：从零构建社交博客应用

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"《Flask Web Development》(O'Reilly,2014)是一本深入浅出的Python微框架Flask的实战指南。作者Miguel Grinberg以其丰富的经验引导读者从零开始学习，通过一步步构建一个完整的社交博客应用，让读者亲身体验Flask的核心功能及其灵活性。不同于其他框架对开发方式的预设，Flask倡导自由扩展，鼓励开发者利用已有的Python知识进行创新。本书涵盖了Flask的基础知识，如路由、模板引擎、HTTP请求处理以及如何创建RESTful API。读者将学会如何设计数据库模型，实现数据迁移，并掌握与外部服务的交互，例如OAuth认证和JSON-RPC服务。Grinberg强调了Flask的轻量级特性，它不强制执行特定的设计模式，而是让开发者根据项目需求自由定制。本书不仅提供了理论讲解，还提供了大量实际操作案例，使读者能够在实践中掌握Flask的精髓。版权信息表明，本书于2014年首次出版，由O'Reilly Media发行，所有权利归Miguel Grinberg所有。电子版和印刷版均在市场上广泛提供，O'Reilly官网提供相关错误报告和更新信息。编辑团队包括Meghan Blanchette和Rachel Roumeliotis，他们确保了书籍的质量和专业性。生产编辑Nicole Shelby负责整体流程管理，Copyeditor Nancy Kotary负责文字校对，Proofreader Charles Roumeliotis负责细致的审阅工作。封面设计由Randy Comer操刀，内部设计由David Futato完成，插图则出自Rebecca Demarest之手。通过阅读《Flask Web Development》，无论是初学者还是有一定经验的Python开发者，都能在理解并掌握Flask的同时，提升自己的Web开发技能，进一步拓宽创新的可能性。这本书是任何想要探索轻量级Web开发框架或利用Python构建高效Web应用的开发者的宝贵资源。"

The git clone command installs the source code from GitHub into a flasky folder that

is created in the current directory. This folder does not contain just source code; a copy

of the Git repository with the entire history of changes made to the application is also

included.

In the first chapter you will be asked to check out the initial release of the application,

and then, at the proper places you will be instructed to move forward in the history.

The Git command that lets you move through the change history is git checkout. Here

is an example:

$ git checkout 1a

The 1a referenced in the command is a tag, a named point in the history of the project.

This repository is tagged according to the chapters of the book, so the 1a tag used in

the example sets the application files to the initial version used in Chapter 1. Most

chapters have more than one tag associated with them, so, for example, tags 5a, 5b, and

so on are incremental versions presented in Chapter 5.

In addition to checking out the source files for a version of the application, you may

need to perform some setup. For example, in some cases you will need to install addi‐

tional Python packages or apply updates to the database. You will be told when these

are necessary.

You will normally not modify the source files of the application, but if you do, then Git

will not let you check out a different revision, as that would cause your local changes to

be lost. Before you can check out a different revision, you will need to revert the files to

their original state. The easiest way to do this is with the git reset command:

$ git reset --hard

This command will destroy your local changes, so you should save anything you don’t

want to lose before you use this command.

From time to time, you may want to refresh your local repository from the one on

GitHub, where bug fixes and improvements may have been applied. The commands

that achieve this are:

$ git fetch --all

$ git fetch --tags

$ git reset --hard origin/master

The git fetch commands are used to update the commit history and the tags in your

local repository from the remote one on GitHub, but none of this affects the actual

source files, which are updated with the git reset command that follows. Once again,

be aware that any time git reset is used you will lose any local changes you have made.

Another useful operation is to view all the differences between two versions of the

application. This can be very useful to understand a change in detail. From the command

xiv | Preface

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line, the git diff command can do this. For example, to see the difference between

revisions 2a and 2b, use:

$ git diff 2a 2b

The differences are shown as a patch, which is not a very intuitive format to review

changes if you are not used to working with patch files. You may find that the graphical

comparisons shown by GitHub are much easier to read. For example, the differences

between revisions 2a and 2b can be viewed on GitHub at https://github.com/miguelgrin

berg/flasky/compare/2a...2b

Using Code Examples

This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, if example code is offered

with this book, you may use it in your programs and documentation. You do not need

to contact us for permission unless you’re reproducing a significant portion of the code.

For example, writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does

not require permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from O’Reilly

books does require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting

example code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of ex‐

ample code from this book into your product’s documentation does require permission.

We appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An attribution usually includes the title,

author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: “Flask Web Development by Miguel Grinberg

If you feel your use of code examples falls outside fair use or the permission given above,

feel free to contact us at permissions@oreilly.com.

Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, and file extensions.

Constant width

Used for program listings, as well as within paragraphs to refer to program elements

such as variable or function names, databases, data types, environment variables,

statements, and keywords.

Constant width bold

Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user.

Preface | xv

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How to Contact Us

Please address comments and questions concerning this book to the publisher:

O’Reilly Media, Inc.

1005 Gravenstein Highway North

Sebastopol, CA 95472

800-998-9938 (in the United States or Canada)

707-829-0515 (international or local)

707-829-0104 (fax)

We have a web page for this book, where we list errata, examples, and any additional

information. You can access this page at http://www.bit.ly/flask-web-dev.

To comment or ask technical questions about this book, send email to bookques

tions@oreilly.com.

For more information about our books, courses, conferences, and news, see our website

at http://www.oreilly.com.

Find us on Facebook: http://facebook.com/oreilly

Watch us on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/oreillymedia

Acknowledgments

I could not have written this book alone. I have received a lot of help from family, co-

workers, old friends, and new friends I’ve made along the way.

I’d like to thank Brendan Kohler for his detailed technical review and for his help in

giving shape to the chapter on Application Programming Interfaces. I’m also in debt to

David Baumgold, Todd Brunhoff, Cecil Rock, and Matthew Hugues, who reviewed the

manuscript at different stages of completion and gave me very useful advice regarding

what to cover and how to organize the material.

Writing the code examples for this book was a considerable effort. I appreciate the help

of Daniel Hofmann, who did a thorough code review of the application and pointed out

several improvements. I’m also thankful to my teenage son, Dylan Grinberg, who sus‐

pended his Minecraft addiction for a few weekends and helped me test the code under

several platforms.

O’Reilly has a wonderful program called Early Release that allows impatient readers to

have access to books while they are being written. Some of my Early Release readers

went the extra mile and engaged in useful conversations regarding their experience

working through the book, leading to significant improvements. I’d like to acknowledge

Preface | xvii

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