"计算机基础知识复习资料：Apple、IBM、程序与逻辑单位"

The history of personal computing can be traced back to the popularization of personal computers by Apple, which revolutionized the way individuals interacted with technology. Apple's innovative products brought computing power into the hands of everyday people, changing the way we communicate, work, and entertain ourselves. However, it was the IBM Personal Computer that truly legitimized personal computing in the business and industry sectors. With its widespread adoption and compatibility with various software programs, the IBM PC became a staple in offices around the world, ushering in a new era of digital productivity. At the core of every computer system are the programs that control data processing. These sets of instructions, known as computer programs, dictate how data is input, stored, processed, and outputted by the machine. Without these programs, computers would be nothing more than elaborate paperweights. The six key logical units of a computer work together seamlessly to execute these programs and perform complex tasks. The input unit takes in data from external sources, the memory unit stores this data for quick access, and the arithmetic and logic unit performs calculations and logical operations. The output unit displays the results of these operations, while the central processing unit coordinates the entire process, ensuring that everything runs smoothly. In conclusion, the evolution of personal computing has been a transformative journey, from the pioneering efforts of Apple to the widespread adoption of IBM PCs in business and industry. The intricate interplay of computer programs and logical units has paved the way for the digital age we now inhabit, where technology shapes nearly every aspect of our lives. As we continue to push the boundaries of what computers can do, it is important to remember the foundational principles that have brought us to this point and appreciate the incredible advancements that have yet to come.