Linux 操作系统进程调度指南

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Linux 操作系统指南 Linux 内核是 Linux 操作系统的核心组件，负责管理系统的硬件资源和提供系统调用接口给应用程序。在 Linux 内核中，进程调度是非常重要的一部分，负责将 CPU 时间分配给不同的进程，以确保系统的高效运行。在 Linux 中，进程调度算法是非常复杂的，需要考虑多种因素，如进程优先级、进程状态、系统负载等。Linux 内核提供了多种进程调度算法，如 Completely Fair Scheduler (CFS)、O(1) 调度器、 Deadline 调度器等，每种算法都有其优缺点。在 Nikita Ishkov 的硕士论文中，对 Linux 进程调度算法进行了深入的研究和分析，讨论了当前实现的优缺点，并提出了改进的建议。论文中还讨论了 Linux 内核中的其他重要组件，如内存管理、文件系统等。 Linux 内核的发展历程是非常复杂的，从最初的 Unix 操作系统到现在的 Linux 操作系统，经历了多次改进和变革。Linux 内核的开发者们不断地改进和优化内核，使得 Linux 操作系统变得更加强大和稳定。 Linux 操作系统的优势在于其开源和自由的特点，使得开发者们可以自由地修改和改进内核。Linux 操作系统广泛应用于各种领域，如服务器、桌面、嵌入式系统等。在 Linux 操作系统中，进程调度是非常重要的一部分，负责将 CPU 时间分配给不同的进程，以确保系统的高效运行。Linux 内核提供了多种进程调度算法，每种算法都有其优缺点。了解 Linux 进程调度算法可以帮助开发者们更好地理解 Linux 操作系统的工作机理，从而更好地开发和优化 Linux 操作系统。 Linux 操作系统的未来发展前景非常广阔，随着技术的不断发展和改进，Linux 操作系统将继续演进和完善。Linux 操作系统的开源和自由的特点使得其具有很强的生命力和适应性，能够适应各种应用场景。 Linux 操作系统是一个非常复杂和强大的操作系统，具有非常广泛的应用前景。了解 Linux 操作系统的工作机理和组件可以帮助开发者们更好地开发和优化 Linux 操作系统。

Author of the above lines presented his own allocator (SLUB), which fixed the many design flaws

SLAB had. SLUB promised better performance and scalability by dropping most of the queues and

related overhead by simplifying the SLAB structure in general. The current SLAB allocator

interface was retained. Metadata was removed from the blocks.

In SLUB allocator a slab is just a bunch of objects of a given size in a linked list. On request, a first

free object is found, removed from the list and returned to the caller.

Now, without any metadata in the slabs, the system has to know which of the memory pages of a

slab are free. This was done by staffing the relevant information into the system memory map – the

struct page, defined in <include/linux/mm_types.h>.

The new approach was taken well by the community and soon it was included in mainstream kernel

sources. Starting from kernel version 2.6.23, SLUB became the default allocator [11].

The code for both layers can be found in <mm/slab.c> and <mm/slub.c> accordingly.

2.3 Linked list

As mentioned above, Linux uses a circular doubly linked list to store all the processes on the system

and, as any big software project, Linux offers its own generic implementation of commonly used

data structures. Mainly to encourage code reuse instead of reinventing the wheel every time

someone needs to store a thing or two.

So, before we can go deeper into the topic of storing, managing and scheduling tasks, we might

want to take a look at the kernel’s way of implementing linked lists, which is indeed unique and

rather interesting approach to a simple data structure.

A normal doubly linked list is presented in Figure 2.4.

struct list_element {

void *data;

struct list_element *next; /* next element */

struct list_element *prev; /* previous element */

};

Figure 2.4 Simple doubly linked list.

Here the data is maintained by having a next and prev node pointers to the next and previous

elements of the list, accordingly. The Linux kernel approaches this in a different way: instead of

having a linked list structure, we embed a linked list node into a structure.

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