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Python Tkinter实战：打造10个实用图形应用

Tkinter

python

GUI

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《Tkinter GUI Application Development Blueprints》是一本由Bhaskar Chaudhary编著的专业指南，旨在帮助读者掌握Python语言中的Tkinter模块，进而创建出功能丰富、实用且令人兴奋的图形用户界面（GUI）应用程序。Tkinter是Python的内置GUI库，这本书将带你步入实际开发的旅程，通过超过十个不同领域的项目，逐步学习如何设计、实现和交付完整的实时应用。本书的核心目标是让你理解Tkinter的特性和能力，并学习编写GUI程序的最佳实践，无论你选择使用哪种库来构建你的应用。读者将通过一系列实际操作，学会如何利用Tkinter创造出既有吸引力又实用的工具。作者强调的是实战经验，而非理论讲解，每个项目结束后，都会介绍一些在实际开发中常用的战略和技巧，以便于读者在处理真实世界问题时能游刃有余。版权信息表明，这本书受版权保护，未经Packt Publishing事先书面许可，禁止任何形式的复制、存储或传输。尽管作者和出版社已尽最大努力确保书中信息的准确性，但提供的内容不带有任何明示或默示的保证，包括但不限于无瑕疵或适销性。读者购买本书时，须明确接受可能存在的一些潜在风险。《Tkinter GUI Application Development Blueprints》适合对Python编程和GUI设计感兴趣的开发者，无论是初学者还是有一定经验的开发者，都可以从中提升技能，扩展自己的项目库。通过跟随书中的实例，读者将能够构建出能满足各种需求的实际应用，进一步增强在Tkinter领域的专业素养。

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[ 1 ]

Meet Tkinter

Welcome to the exciting world of GUI programming with Tkinter. This chapter aims

at getting you acquainted with Tkinter, the built-in graphical user interface (GUI)

library for all standard Python distributions.

Tkinter (pronounced tea-kay-inter) is the Python interface to Tk, the GUI toolkit

for Tcl/Tk.

Tcl (short for Tool Command Language and pronounced as tickle) is a popular

scripting language in the domains of embedded applications, testing, prototyping,

and GUI development. On the other hand, Tk is an open source, multi-platform

widget toolkit that is used by many different languages to build GUI programs.

The Tkinter interface is implemented as a Python module—

Tkinter.py in

Python 2.x versions and tkinter/__init__.py in Python 3.x versions. If you

look at the source code, Tkinter is just a wrapper around a C extension that uses

the Tcl/Tk libraries.

Tkinter is suitable for application to a wide variety of areas, ranging from small

desktop applications to use in scientic modeling and research endeavors across

various disciplines.

When a person learning Python needs to graduate to GUI programming, Tkinter

seems to be the easiest and fastest way to get the work done.

Tkinter is a great tool for the programming of GUI applications in Python.

The features that make Tkinter a great choice for GUI programming include

the following:

• It is simple to learn (simpler than any other GUI package for Python)

• Relatively little code can produce powerful GUI applications

• Layered design ensures that it is easy to grasp

Meet Tkinter

[ 2 ]

• It is portable across all operating systems

• It is easily accessible, as it comes pre-installed with the standard

Python distribution

None of the other Python GUI toolkits have all of these features at the same time.

Objectives of this chapter

The purpose of this chapter is to make you comfortable with Tkinter. It aims at

introducing you to the various components of GUI programming with Tkinter.

By the end of this chapter, you will have developed several partly-functional dummy

applications, such as the one shown in the following screenshot:

We believe that the concepts that you will develop here will enable you to apply and

develop GUI applications in your area of interest.

The key aspects that we want you to learn from this chapter include the following:

• Understanding the concept of a root window and a main loop

• Understanding widgets—the building blocks of programs

• Getting acquainted with a list of available widgets

Chapter 1

• Developing layouts by using different geometry managers

• Applying events and callbacks to make a program functional

• Styling widgets by using styling options and configuring the root widget

Installing Python and Tkinter

To work on the projects in this chapter, you must have a working copy of Python

3.4.0 installed on your computer.

The Python download package and instructions for downloading for different

platforms are available at

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/

python-340/

The installer binaries for Mac OS X and the Windows platform are available

at the aforementioned link. Python 3.4 is installed by default on Ubuntu 14.04.

Unfortunately, Ubuntu 14.04 does not ship with Tkinter. You have to install it

manually. Other Linux users can also install the Python Interpreter (v3.4) package

from the ofcial repository or build it directly from the source link provided in the

aforementioned link.

We will develop our application on the Ubuntu platform. However, since Tkinter is

cross-platform, you can follow along with the instructions in this book on Windows,

Mac, or any other Linux distribution, without making any modications to the code.

After installing Python, open the Python 3.4 interactive shell and type in the

following command:

>>> import tkinter

This shell command should be executed without an error.

If there are no error messages, the Tkinter module is installed on your Python

distribution. When working with examples from this book, we do not support any

Python version except for Python 3.4.0, which comes bundled with Tkinter Tcl/Tk

Version 8.6. However, most of the examples should work out-of-the-box on other

minor Python 3 versions.

To check whether you have the correct Tkinter version on your Python installation,

type the following commands in your IDLE or interactive shell:

>>> import tkinter

>>> tkinter._test()

[ 3 ]

Meet Tkinter

[ 4 ]

This should make a window pop up. The rst line in the window reads This is

Tcl/Tk version 8.6. Make sure that it is not 8.5 or any earlier version, as Version 8.6

is a vast improvement over its previous versions.

You are ready to code Tkinter GUI applications if your version test conrms it as

Tcl/Tk version 8.6.

Let's get started!

Importing Tkinter

This section describes the different styles of importing Tkinter modules. In the

preceding example, we imported Tkinter by using the following command:

from tkinter import *

This method of importing eases the handling of methods dened in the module.

That is to say, you can simply access the methods directly. Generally, it is considered

bad practice to import all (*) the methods of a module like we did here. This is so

because this style of importing leads to memory ooding, namespace confusion,

and difculty in bug tracking and/or reviewing code. Importing into the global

namespace can also lead to an accidental overwriting of methods from other

libraries in the global namespace.

There are several ways to import Tkinter in which this overlapping can be avoided,

with a common way being the following one:

import tkinter

This style of importing does not pollute the namespace with a list of all the methods

dened within Tkinter. However, every method within Tkinter will now have

to be called by using the tkinter.some_method format instead of directly calling

the method.

Another commonly used import style is as follows:

import tkinter as tk

Here too, you do not pollute the current namespace with all the Tkinter methods.

Now, you can access methods such as tk.some_method. The tk alias is convenient

and easy to type. It is commonly used by many developers to import Tkinter.

Chapter 1

[ 5 ]

GUI programming – the big picture

As a GUI programmer, you will generally be responsible for deciding the following

three aspects of your program:

• Which components should appear on the screen? This involves choosing the

components that make the user interface. Typical components include things

such as buttons, entry fields, checkboxes, radio buttons, scroll bars, and the

like. In Tkinter, the components that you add to your GUI are called widgets.

Widgets (short for window gadgets) are the graphical components that make

up your application's frontend.

• Where should the components go? This includes deciding the position and

the structural layout of various components. In Tkinter, this is referred to as

geometry management.

• How do components interact and behave? This involves adding functionality

to each component. Each component or widget does some work. For example,

a button, when clicked on, does something in response. A scrollbar handles

scrolling, and checkboxes and radio buttons enable users to make some

choices. In Tkinter, the functionality of various widgets is managed by the

command binding or the event binding using callback functions.

The following gure shows the three components of GUI programming:

Let's delve deeper into each of these three components in the context of Tkinter.

剩余330页未读，继续阅读

Pyside GUI Application Development(PACKT,2ed,2016)

Elegantly-built GUI applications are always a massive hit among users. PySide is an open source software project that provides Python bindings for the Qt cross-platform UI framework. Combining the power of Qt and Python, PySide provides easy access to the Qt framework for Python developers and also acts as an excellent rapid application development platform. This book will take you through everything you need to know to develop UI applications. You will learn about installing and building PySide in various major operating systems as well as the basics of GUI programming. The book will then move on to discuss event management, signals and slots, and the widgets and dialogs available with PySide. Database interaction and manipulation is also covered. By the end of this book, you will be able to program GUI applications efficiently and master how to develop your own applications and how to run them across platforms.

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