db2数据库故障处理与版本信息详解

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本文档主要讨论了DB2数据库与中间件的管理和维护,特别是针对DB2常见问题的处理方法,以及IBM WebSphere Application Server (WAS) 的故障排查。主要内容涵盖了以下几个关键知识点: 1. **DB2连接和权限设置**: - 针对特定实例(如`db2admin`)的连接,使用`db2connect`命令行工具连接到数据库服务器,并指定用户(如`db2admin`)和密码。这涉及到64位版本(如`32`bits)和代码发布(如`SQL08016`)的信息。 2. **DB2服务启动与停止**: - 使用`db2start`命令启动数据库服务,而在进行维护操作时,可能需要强制停止服务(`db2stop force`),特别是在`wassocket`问题下。 - 在应用所有更改后,通过`db2forceapplicationall`来确保应用配置更新。 3. **故障排查与诊断**: - 检查和确认WAS是否正确运行,可以通过命令`db2listapplication`列出所有应用程序,或者`db2listapplicationfordbdcold`针对特定数据库目录(如`dcold`)进行检查。 - 利用`db2listnodedirectory`命令来查看节点目录结构,有助于定位问题。 4. **许可证管理**: - 提供了不同版本的DB2(如8.1、8.2、9.x等),以及对应补丁(FixPak)的信息,这对于了解软件的完整性和兼容性至关重要。 5. **操作系统支持**: - DB2数据库支持多个操作系统平台,包括Linux/Unix和Windows,这对于部署和维护时要考虑的环境兼容性。 6. **错误处理与日志分析**: - 文档强调了在遇到问题时,应查看`db2level`命令输出的详细信息,这些信息有助于识别问题级别和解决路径。 本文档是DB2数据库管理员或技术支持人员在日常运维中不可或缺的参考资料,包含了实用的故障排除技巧和命令行操作指南,有助于快速定位和解决与DB2相关的常见问题。
2010-10-20 上传
PART I – 概览.........................................................................................................................11 第 1章 – DB2 Express-C是什么?..........................................................................................13 1.1免费开发、部署和分发… 无限制!...............................................................................13 1.2用户帮助和技术支持.....................................................................................................14 1.3 DB2服务器..................................................................................................................14 1.4 DB2客户端和驱动........................................................................................................14 1.5 应用程序开发的自由性.................................................................................................15 1.6 DB2 版本号与 DB2 版本分类........................................................................................16 1.7升级到其它的 DB2版本................................................................................................16 1.8 DB2 Express-C的维护.................................................................................................16 1.9相关免费软件................................................................................................................17 1.9.1 IBM数据工作室(Data Studio)...........................................................................17 1.9.2 DB2 Net Search Extender .....................................................................................17 1.9.3 Starter Toolkit for DB2 on Rails.............................................................................17 1.9.4 Web 2.0 Starter Toolkit for DB2 ............................................................................17 1.9.5 WebSphere Application Server – Community Edition............................................18 第 2章 – DB2相关特性和产品................................................................................................19 2.1 DB2 Express-C订购中包含的功能...............................................................................22 2.1.1 Fix packs补丁包...................................................................................................22 2.1.2高可用性灾难恢复(HADR) ................................................................................22 2.1.3数据复制(Data Replication)...............................................................................22 2.2 DB2 Express-C所不具备的功能...................................................................................23 2.2.1数据库分区............................................................................................................23 2.2.2连接集中器(Connection Concentrator ).............................................................23 2.2.3 Geodetic Extender ................................................................................................23 2.2.4工作负载管理(Workload Management, WLM) .......................................................24 2.3 DB2相关收费产品........................................................................................................24 2.3.1 DB2连接(DB2 Connect)...................................................................................24 2.3.2 WebSphere Federation Server..............................................................................24 2.3.3 WebSphere Replication Server .............................................................................25 第 3章 – 安装 DB2..................................................................................................................27 3.1安装前提条件................................................................................................................27 3.2操作系统中的安装权限.................................................................................................27 3.3安装向导.......................................................................................................................27 3.4自动安装.......................................................................................................................31 实验 #1 安装DB2 Express-C,创建 SAMPLE数据库........................................................32 第 4章 – DB2的应用环境.......................................................................................................35 实验 #2 - 创建一个新的数据库............................................................................................43 4.1 DB2配置......................................................................................................................44 4.1.1 环境变量................................................................................................................44 4.1.2 数据库管理器配置文件(dbm cfg) ...........................................................................44 4.1.3 数据库配置文件(db cfg)....................................................................................46 4.1.4 DB2 概要文件注册表.............................................................................................47 4.2 DB2管理服务器...........................................................................................................48 实验 #3 – 实例、数据库和配置管理....................................................................................49 第 5章 – DB2工具..................................................................................................................51 5.1控制中心(Control Center).........................................................................................52 5.2命令编辑器(Command Editor) .................................................................................55 5.3 SQL帮助向导(SQL Assist Wizard ).........................................................................57 5.4 显示SQL按钮..............................................................................................................58 实验 #4 使用脚本填充EXPRESS数据库...........................................................................59 5.5 脚本..............................................................................................................................60 5.5.1 SQL脚本...............................................................................................................60 5.5.2操作系统(shell)脚本..........................................................................................61 实验 #5 为EXPRESS数据库创建一个安装脚本.................................................................62 5.6任务中心(Task Center )...........................................................................................65 5.6.1工具目录(Tools Catalog)数据库........................................................................65 5.7 日志(Journal)...........................................................................................................66 5.8运行状况监视器(Health Monitor ).............................................................................67 5.8.1运行状况中心(Health Center )...........................................................................68 PART II – DB2 Express-C 数据库管......................................................................................71 第 6章 – DB2体系结构...........................................................................................................73 6.1 DB2进程模型...............................................................................................................73 6.2 DB2内存模型...............................................................................................................74 6.3 DB2存储模型...............................................................................................................75 6.3.1数据页和扩展数据块..............................................................................................75 6.3.2缓冲池...................................................................................................................76 6.3.3表空间...................................................................................................................77 第 7章 – DB2 客户端的连接....................................................................................................81 7.1 DB2 目录......................................................................................................................81 7.2 配置助手(Configuration Assistant )..........................................................................82 7.2.1服务器端的安装要求..............................................................................................82 7.2.2 Setup required at the client 客户端的安装要求......................................................84 7.2.3建立客户端与服务器端概要文件............................................................................87 实验 #6 使用配置助手........................................................................................................90 第 8章 – 数据库对象...............................................................................................................93 8.1 模式..............................................................................................................................93 8.2表.................................................................................................................................93 8.2.1数据类型................................................................................................................93 8.2.2标识列...................................................................................................................96 8.2.3序列对象................................................................................................................96 8.2.4系统目录表............................................................................................................97 8.2.5已声明临时表.........................................................................................................97 实验 #7 创建一个数据表.....................................................................................................99 8.3视图............................................................................................................................101 8.4索引............................................................................................................................101 8.4.1 Design Advisor ....................................................................................................101 8.5参照完整性.................................................................................................................102 第 9章 – 数据迁移工具..........................................................................................................105 9.1 导出(EXPORT)工具...............................................................................................106 9.2 导入(IMPORT)工具................................................................................................106 9.3 使用 LOAD来导入......................................................................................................107 9.4 db2move 工具...........................................................................................................108 9.5 db2look 工具..............................................................................................................109 实验 #8 导出EXPRESS数据库的DDL............................................................................111 第 10章 – 数据库安全...........................................................................................................115 10.1 认证..........................................................................................................................116 10.2 授权..........................................................................................................................116 10.3 DBADM权限............................................................................................................118 10.4 PUBLIC 组...............................................................................................................119 10.5 GRANT和REVOKE语句 ........................................................................................119 10.6 查看授权和特权........................................................................................................119 10.7 关于组特权...............................................................................................................121 实验 #9 授予和撤销用户的权限........................................................................................122 第 11章 – 备份和恢复...........................................................................................................125 11.1 数据库的日志记录....................................................................................................125 11.2 日志的类型...............................................................................................................126 11.3 日志记录的类型.......................................................................................................126 11.3.1 循环日志记录 ....................................................................................................126 11.3.2 档案日志记录和日志保留...................................................................................127 11.4 从控制中心进行数据库日志记录...............................................................................127 11.5 日志记录的参数........................................................................................................129 11.6 数据库备份...............................................................................................................129 实验 #10 – 安排一个备份计划..........................................................................................131 11.7 数据库恢复...............................................................................................................133 11.7.1 恢复类型............................................................................................................133 11.7.2 数据库恢复........................................................................................................133 11.8 其他关于备份和恢复的操作......................................................................................134 第 12章 – 维护任务...............................................................................................................135 12.1 重组(REORG)、运行统计(RUNSTATS)、重绑定(REBIND).......................135 12.1.1重组(REORG)命令........................................................................................135 12.1.2运行统计(RUNSTATS)命令 ..........................................................................136 12.1.3 绑定/重新绑定.................................................................................................136 12.1.4 在控制中心执行维护工作...................................................................................137 12.2 维护方式...................................................................................................................139 实验#11 – 配置自动维护.................................................................................................141 第 13章 – 并行与锁定...........................................................................................................143 13.1 事务(Transactions)..............................................................................................143 13.2 并行(Concurrency) ..............................................................................................143 13.3无并行控制导致的问题 .............................................................................................144 13.3.1丢失更新(Lost update)..................................................................................145 13.3.2未落实的读(Uncommitted read)....................................................................145 13.3.3不可重复读(Non-repeatable read).................................................................146 13.3.4幻象(Phantom read)......................................................................................146 13.4隔离级别(Isolation Levels)...................................................................................147 13.4.1未落实的读........................................................................................................147 13.4.2游标稳定性........................................................................................................147 13.4.3读稳定性............................................................................................................148 13.4.4可重复读............................................................................................................148 13.4.5隔离级别对比.....................................................................................................148 13.4.6设定隔离级别.....................................................................................................149 13.5锁定升级...................................................................................................................150 13.6锁定监视...................................................................................................................151 13.7锁定等待...................................................................................................................151 13.8死锁的引发与侦测.....................................................................................................152 13.9并行与锁定的最佳实践:..........................................................................................153 PART III – DB2 Express-C应用程序开发............................................................................155 第 14章 –SQL PL 存储过程..................................................................................................157 14.1 IBM数据工作室(Data Studio)..............................................................................158 14.1.2在Data Studio中创建一个存储过程..................................................................159 14.2 SQL PL 存储过程基础..............................................................................................161 14.2.1存储过程的结构.................................................................................................161 14.2.2 可选的存储过程属性..........................................................................................162 14.2.3参数...................................................................................................................162 14.2.4 SQL PL存储过程中的注释................................................................................163 14.2.5 复合语句............................................................................................................163 14.2.6 变量声明............................................................................................................163 14.2.7 赋值语句............................................................................................................164 14.3 游标..........................................................................................................................164 14.4 流控制......................................................................................................................164 14.5 调用存储过程 ...........................................................................................................165 14.6 错误和情况处理器....................................................................................................166 14.7 动态SQL..................................................................................................................168 第 15章 – 直接插入 SQL 过程语言、触发器、用户定义函数(UDF)..................................169 15.1直接插入SQL PL .....................................................................................................169 15.2 触发器(Trigger)....................................................................................................170 15.2.1 触发器的类型 ....................................................................................................170 实验 #12 从控制中心创建一个触发器...............................................................................174 15.3 用户定义函数 (UDF).................................................................................................177 15.3.1 标量函数(Scalar function).............................................................................177 15.3.2 表函数(Table function)..................................................................................178 实验 #13 使用IBM Data Studio创建用户定义函数(UDF)............................................179 第 16章 – DB2 pureXML......................................................................................................181 16.1 在数据库中使用XML................................................................................................181 16.2 XML数据库..............................................................................................................182 16.2.1 启用 XML的数据库............................................................................................182 16.2.2 原生 XML数据库...............................................................................................182 16.3 DB2中的XML..........................................................................................................183 16.3.1 pureXML 技术优势............................................................................................184 16.3.2 XPath基础........................................................................................................185 16.3.3 XQuery的定义..................................................................................................188 16.3.4 插入 XML文档...................................................................................................189 16.3.5 查询 XML数据...................................................................................................191 16.3.6 使用 SQL/XML执行联合操作............................................................................196 16.3.7 使用 XQuery执行联合操作................................................................................196 16.3.8 更新与删除操作.................................................................................................197 16.3.9 XML 索引.........................................................................................................198 实验 #14 - SQL/XML 和 XQuery.......................................................................................200 第 17章 – 使用 Java、PHP和 Ruby进行数据库应用开发...................................................201 17.1 Java应用程序开发...................................................................................................201 17.1.1 JDBC类型 2驱动程序.......................................................................................201 17.1.2 JDBC类型 4驱动程序.......................................................................................202 17.2 PHP应用程序开发...................................................................................................203 17.2.1 DB2为PHP提供的连接选项.............................................................................203 17.2.2 Zend Core for IBM.............................................................................................204 17.3 Ruby on Rails应用程序开发.....................................................................................206 17.3.1 Startup Toolkit for DB2 on Rails ........................................................................206 附录 A — 排除故障...............................................................................................................207 A.1 查找错误代码的更多信息...........................................................................................207 A.2 SQLCODE与SQLSTATE .........................................................................................208 A.3 DB2 管理通知日志.....................................................................................................208 A.4 db2diag.log................................................................................................................209 A.5 CLI追踪.....................................................................................................................209 A.6 DB2缺陷与补丁.........................................................................................................209 参考资源 ...............................................................................................................................210 网站..................................................................................................................................210 书籍..................................................................................................................................211
2010-04-17 上传
第一章 DB2的概貌 2 1.1 文件系统特点 3 1.2 数据库系统特点 3 1.3 DBMS的工作原理 5 1.3.1 数据库管理系统的功能 5 1.3.2 存储管理程序 6 1.3.3查询处理程序 7 1.3.4 事务管理程序 8 1.3.5 日志 9 1.3.6 数据字典 10 1.3.7 事务 10 1.4 关系数据库的特点和产品 12 1.4.1 UDB 关系数据库的特点 12 1.4.2 UDB关系数据库的产品 13 1.5 关系数据库的操作语言SQL的概述 15 1.5.1 SQL简介 15 1.5.2 SQL的优点 16 1.5.3 SQL的分类 18 1.6 数据库的建立 18 1.6.1 创建数据库 18 1.6.2 删除数据库 21 第二章 关系数据库的安全角色 21 2.1 数据库系统角色的划分 22 2.2 数据库的开发步骤 23 2.3 SYSADM的任务 25 2.4 DBADM的任务 25 2. 5 程序员的任务 26 2.6 操作员的任务 26 第三章 UDB的概念 26 3.1 建立表和其概念 27 3.1.1表(Table) 27 3.1.2 数据类型 30 3.1.3 建立主外关键字的依赖表 32 3.2 视图 36 3.2.1 视图的概念 36 3.3 建立索引和其概念 41 3.3.1 索引 41 3.3.2 索引的分类 43 3.4 建立模式 44 3.5 建立别名 44 3.6 触发器 46 3.6.1 概念 46 3.6.2 触发器的组成 47 3.7 存储过程 48 3.7.1 存储过程应用的总体结构 48 3.7.2 存储过程应用的特点 49 3.7.3 激发存储过程 50 3.7.4 存储过程的执行 50 第四章 SQL语句 51 4.1 基本的SELECT语句 51 4.1.1 SELECT 的单表查询 52 4.2 SELECT 的COUNT()查询 55 4.3 SELECT的多表查询 56 4.4 子查询 57 4.5 插入语句INSERT 58 4.6 删除语句DELETE 60 4.7 修改语句UPDATE 61 4.8 SQL数据的安全与授权的语句 62 第五章 远程数据库 64 第五章 远程数据库 64 5.1 DB2 数据库支持的协议 65 5.2 DB2目录 65 5.2.1系统数据库目录 65 5.2.2 本地数据库目录 65 5.2.3 节点目录 66 5.2..4查看DB2的目录 66 5.3 配置远程数据库的步骤 67 5.3.1 设置服务器环境变量 67 SET DB2COMM=NetBIOS,APPC 67 5.3.2 更新DBM配置参数 67 5.4 不同协议的配置 68 5.4.1 TCP/IP 68 5.4.2 NetBIOS 68 5.4.3 APPC 69 客户端节点编目: 69 CATALOG APPC NODE ainst00 REMOTE db2cpi00 SECURITY SAME 70 客户端数据库系统编目: 70 CATALOG DB emplyee AS myemp AT NODE ainst00 70 5.5 IPX/SPX 70 注:节点的编目和数据库的编目请看数据库系统管理 70