云计算下的电子商务：探索新时代机遇

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《云计算中的电子商务》(eCommerce in the Cloud)是由Kelly Goetsch编著的一本专著，于2014年首次出版。本书聚焦于云计算在电子商务领域的应用和发展，深入探讨了云计算技术如何革新传统商业模式，提升电商企业的效率、灵活性和竞争力。作者凭借丰富的行业经验和专业知识，从云计算的基本概念入手，逐步引导读者理解云计算对电子商务平台的影响，包括基础设施即服务(IaaS)、平台即服务(PaaS)和软件即服务(SaaS)在电商场景中的角色。书中可能涵盖了以下知识点： 1. **云计算基础**：介绍了云计算的核心概念，如虚拟化、弹性扩展、按需付费等，帮助读者理解云计算如何作为电商运营背后的强大支撑。 2. **云架构分析**：详细讨论了基于云的电子商务架构，包括私有云、公共云和混合云的选择及其优缺点，以及如何构建高可用、可扩展的电商架构。 3. **数据存储与处理**：云计算如何提供高效的数据存储解决方案，如大数据分析、实时处理和数据安全性，这些都是电商企业优化用户体验和决策制定的关键。 4. **应用服务集成**：阐述了云计算如何简化电商系统的集成，比如支付网关、物流管理、客户服务等，实现无缝协作。 5. **安全性与合规性**：涉及云计算环境下电商的隐私保护、数据安全法规遵循，以及如何确保业务连续性和灾难恢复策略。 6. **案例研究与实践**：书中可能包含多个成功案例，展示了实际企业如何利用云计算进行电子商务创新，包括Amazon、eBay等巨头和新兴创业公司的转型经验。 7. **未来趋势与挑战**：对于云计算在电子商务领域的发展前景进行了展望，同时讨论了可能面临的挑战，如技术更新、监管环境变化以及如何适应不断变化的市场动态。 8. **最佳实践与建议**：为电商企业和开发者提供了关于如何最大化云计算潜力、降低成本并提高运营效率的具体建议。《云计算中的电子商务》是一本适合电商专业人士、技术决策者以及对企业数字化转型感兴趣的读者的实用指南，它不仅提供理论知识，也具有很强的实操指导意义。无论你是正在寻求将业务迁移到云端的领导者，还是希望提升技能的开发者，这本书都是你了解和掌握云计算在电商领域重要性的宝贵资源。

5. Steve Lohr, “For Impatient Web Users, an Eye Blink Is Just Too Long to Wait,” New York Times (2012), http://

nyti.ms/1esukXm

6. Greg Linden, “Make Data Useful,” Amazon.com and Findory, http://bit.ly/1k7ypZw (PowerPoint file down‐

load).

nect to a single ecommerce platform. An outage now is the equivalent of barring cus‐

tomers from entering all physical stores.

Because of increasing competition and the maturity of offerings, customers are in‐

creasingly fickle about performance. They expect response times to be instant. The New

York Times recently said: “The old two-second guideline has long been surpassed on

the racetrack of Web expectations.”

Going on further to say: “Two hundred fifty mil‐

liseconds, either slower or faster, is close to the magic number now for competitive

advantage on the Web.” Amazon.com saw a 1% increase in revenue for every 100 mil‐

liseconds of response-time improvement.

In today’s world, milliseconds matter.

Availability and performance are becoming increasingly difficult to offer as traffic has

become more prone to rapid spikes due to an increasing reliance on promotions and

marketing-driven events. We’ll discuss this more later, but it’s not uncommon to see

spikes in traffic that are one or two orders of magnitude above steady state. Social media–

based marketing can lead to campaigns going viral. From an IT administrator’s stand‐

point, the traffic can come so quickly that it looks like a distributed denial-of-service

attack, when in reality it’s likely to be a few million kids hitting refresh on their pages

in anticipation of the release of the latest hot basketball shoe.

While ecommerce has been maturing over the past two decades, the prevailing deploy‐

ment architecture looks largely as it did in the beginning—mostly static environments

fronted by web servers deployed out of a single data center. Many simply guess at what

their peaks will be and then multiply that number by five for safety. Hardware is statically

deployed and idle for most of the year. It’s been done this way for four reasons:

• IT administrators fear losing their jobs because of outages. It’s simply less risky to

throw hardware at problems.

• For a while, ecommerce deployments were small enough that the hardware cost

was negligible.

• There hasn’t been a good alternative to the static approach—cloud in its present

form didn’t exist until very recently, and it’s matured only recently.

• The old models of hosting had more accountability. If there was an outage, you

could always escalate to your vendor.

The current approach to ecommerce deployment architecture is not scalable. The rise

in traffic has ballooned environments from dozens to hundreds or even thousands of

servers. Given today’s extremely competitive business climate, it’s not feasible to have

xvi | Introduction

hundreds or thousands of servers sit idle for all but a few hours out of the year. It’s also

increasingly difficult to predict traffic. Most important, and central to this book, is that

cloud computing has matured to the point where it can be used for ecommerce.

What Is Cloud?

Cloud is one of those ineffable terms that has been redefined to encompass everything,

yet means nothing. For the purposes of this book, the cloud is best characterized by

three adjectives: elastic, on demand, and metered. Let’s look at each in greater detail:

Elastic

To be considered cloud, you must be able to increase or decrease a given resource

either automatically or on demand by using self-service user interfaces or APIs. A

resource can include anything you have in your data center today—from commo‐

ditized hardware running Linux (Infrastructure-as-a-Service), to application

servers (Platform-as-a-Service), up to applications (Software-as-a-Service). The

“what” doesn’t matter all that much; it’s the fact that you can provision new

resources.

On Demand

Seeing as elastic is the first word used to describe the cloud, you must be able to

provision a resource precisely when you need it and release it when you don’t.

Metered

You should pay only for what you use. This has enormous implications, as the costs

directly reflect usage and can therefore be substantially lower.

When the term cloud is used in this book, it generally refers to public Infrastructure-

as-a-Service. We’ll spend Chapter 3 describing cloud in more detail.

Why Is the Cloud a Fit for eCommerce?

Cloud is a natural fit for ecommerce because you can provision and pay for resources

when you need them instead of building enormous static environments scaled for peaks.

The goal is to provision automatically, which we’ll discuss in Chapter 4. Without the

cloud, environments are statically built and scaled for peak load. It doesn’t make sense

when you can use a cloud. The problem of underutilization is even worse for prepro‐

duction environments, many of which are built to some scale of production yet sit even

more idle than production. Most deployments have approximately the following envi‐

ronments:

• Two production environments (each capable of handling 500% of the peak pro‐

duction traffic)

•

Three staging environments (each being 50% of production)

Introduction | xvii

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