Tomcat权威指南第二版：免费下载

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"Tomcat: The Definitive Guide 第二版" 本书《Tomcat: The Definitive Guide》第二版由Jason Brittain与Ian F. Darwin合著，是关于Apache Tomcat服务器的一本全面指南。Tomcat是开源的、基于Java Servlet和JavaServer Pages (JSP) 技术的应用服务器，被广泛用于构建和部署Web应用程序。本书详细介绍了Tomcat的安装、配置、管理和优化，旨在帮助读者深入理解其内部工作原理，以便更有效地利用这个强大的工具。以下是书中可能涉及的一些关键知识点： 1. **Tomcat基础**：讲解了Tomcat的基本概念，包括它在Java Web开发中的角色，以及与Java EE容器（如JBoss、GlassFish等）的关系。 2. **安装和设置**：涵盖了在各种操作系统（如Windows、Linux、macOS等）上安装Tomcat的步骤，包括下载、解压、配置环境变量和启动/停止服务器。 3. **目录结构**：解释了Tomcat的目录结构，如WEB-INF、conf、logs、temp等，以及每个目录的作用和重要文件。 4. **配置Tomcat**：讨论了server.xml、web.xml等配置文件的用途，如何修改这些文件以适应不同的应用需求，例如端口设置、连接器配置、安全性设置等。 5. **部署Web应用**：详述了将WAR文件和目录结构部署到Tomcat的不同方法，以及动态部署和热更新的概念。 6. **性能调优**：提供了调整Tomcat性能的策略，包括内存配置、线程池管理、缓存设置、JVM参数优化等。 7. **安全管理**：讲解了Tomcat的安全特性，如SSL/TLS加密、用户认证、角色权限控制，以及如何配置Realm来管理用户身份验证。 8. **日志和故障排查**：介绍了Tomcat的日志系统，如何查看和分析日志以解决运行时问题，以及常见的错误和解决方案。 9. **集群和负载均衡**：讨论了如何使用Tomcat进行集群配置，实现负载均衡，提高可用性和可扩展性。 10. **与其他服务集成**：介绍了如何将Tomcat与数据库、缓存系统、应用服务器等其他服务进行集成，以实现更复杂的应用架构。 11. **最新版本的特性**：第二版可能包含Tomcat较新版本的新特性和改进，比如Tomcat 7、8或9中的新功能。通过阅读这本书，读者不仅可以掌握Tomcat的基础知识，还能深入了解高级主题，从而成为一名熟练的Tomcat管理员和开发者。此外，书中还提供了大量示例和实践建议，帮助读者将理论知识转化为实际操作技能。

xiv

Preface

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Acknowledgments

Thanks to James Duncan Davidson and Sun Microsystems for giving us Tomcat in

the first place. James worked above and beyond the call of duty to write it and to

work out the details of how it could become open source software. Sun

Microsystems supported his pioneering work and has strongly supported the evolu-

tion of Tomcat since its donation to the Apache Software Foundation.

A colossal thanks goes to Simon St.Laurent, editor of this Second Edition after Brett

McLaughlin, for being patient with me beyond my expectations while I spent the

necessary time digging deep to uncover and clearly document the answers through-

out the book, and for showing continued confidence.

Another big thanks goes to Brett McLaughlin, who edited the First Edition and was

the editor of this Second Edition in the early months of the project. Brett made innu-

merable minor suggestions to improve the book and several times talked us into reor-

ganizing scattered material into the (hopefully) comprehensible form you see before

you. Thanks Brett!

Paula Ferguson saw the First Edition of the book through the early stages, and then

passed the torch to Brett McLaughlin. Thanks Paula!

Open source projects are just not the same without a vibrant community surround-

ing them, and we believe that Tomcat could not have gone so far so fast without the

stewardship of the Apache Software Foundation and its members. Thanks, ASF, for

your hard work, servers, and bandwidth.

Jason Hunter, author of O’Reilly’s Java Servlet Programming, provided a very care-

ful reading of the drafts of the First Edition, and suggested many, many improve-

ments. Special thanks to you, Jason.

Preface

Jason Brittain’s Acknowledgments

A big thanks to my wife Carmina, for taking care of the little ones while I wrote, over

the course of more than two years. Thanks, Cutie, for all the help you gave me while

I wrote this edition of the book, and for being inspirational to me, and now to our

children. I love you very much, and I always will!

Thanks to James Duncan Davidson and Jason Hunter who together had a strong

vision of excellence for the First Edition of this book and worked hard to make that

vision a reality.

I’d like to personally thank Simon St.Laurent for the help and support for this book.

The level of detail and clarity demonstrates how much Simon worked to make sure I

had the time to write it that way. Thanks Simon!

Thanks also go to Ian Darwin for coauthoring the first edition of the book. He wrote

a large amount of helpful and virtually timeless Tomcat content that remains in this

Second Edition.

The person who directly contributed the most content for the Second Edition of this

book (besides Simon St.Laurent, the editor through most of the project), was Akbar

Ansari. He provided many screen shots that would have taken me countless addi-

tional hours to create, he graphed benchmark data numerous times, proofread some

of my text and gave me feedback, and most importantly gave me words of encour-

agement as I wrote. Thanks, Akbar, for being so helpful and genuinely interested!

Thanks also to Jamie Madden for being the tech reviewer for the Second Edition.

Bart Busschots and Jamie Madden both wrote the Mac OS X specific sections of this

book—excellent pioneering work guys! Thanks!

Also Sebastien Diotte implemented the initial 5.5+ port of

BadInputValve, Sean

McCauliff gave feedback about textual strangeness in some chapters, and Mike

Miller showed me an important FreeBSD ipfilter port remapping rule. Thanks to

Mark Petrovic for conversing with me about the

SecurityManager and for writing the

security policy autodiscovery article; Nicholas Schuetz for creating and maintaining

the

#tomcat IRC channel on the irc.freenode.net server (it has helped countless Tom-

cat users); Philip Morton, Robert Brindamour, and Tom Duggin for fixing a scalabil-

ity bug in

BadInputValve; William Osmond (I forgot to write in my notes what you

helped with, but I know you helped! Thanks!); Fabrice Bellard and others for writ-

ing QEMU so that I could run so many different operating systems to write about

them; and Jason Gabler for showing me sventon.

Thanks to my former co-workers and friends at NASA’s Ames research center, and

the NASA Kepler Space Telescope mission (http://kepler.nasa.gov) for allowing me to

participate. Eventually, our software will find many new habitable worlds, never

before detected by mankind.

Chapter 1: Getting Started with Tomcat

developer, attempting to build and use your own Tomcat binaries may actually cause

problems because it is relatively easy to build Tomcat in ways that quietly disable

important features. To get started quickly, you should download an official release

binary package for your system.

If you want some hints on compiling from source, see Chapter 9.

There are two levels of packaging. The Apache Software Foundation publishes bina-

ries in the form of releases and nightly builds. Other organizations rebundle these

into RPM packages and other kinds of installers for Linux, “packages” for BSD, and

so forth. The best way to install Tomcat depends on your system. We explain the

process on several systems: Linux, Solaris, Windows, Mac OS X, and FreeBSD.

Tomcat 6 requires any Java runtime version 1.5 or higher (which Sun’s marketing

group calls “Java 5”). We suggest that you run Tomcat 6 on Java 1.6 or higher, how-

ever, due to the additional features, fixes, and performance improvements that Java

1.6 (or higher) JVMs offer.

Installing Tomcat on Linux

Tomcat is available in at least two different binary release forms for Linux users to

choose from:

Multiplatform binary releases

You can download, install, and run any of the binary releases of Tomcat from

Apache’s web site regardless of the Linux distribution you run. This format

comes in the form of gzipped tar archives (tar.gz files) and zip archive files. This

allows you to install Tomcat into any directory you choose, and you can install it

as any user ID in the system. However, this kind of installation is not tracked by

any package manager and will be more difficult to upgrade or uninstall later.

Also, it does not come with an

init script for integration into the system’s star-

tup and shutdown.

Distribution native package

If you run Fedora or Red Hat Linux (or another Linux that uses the Red Hat

package manager, such as SUSE or Mandriva), you can download a binary RPM

package of Tomcat. This allows for easy uninstalls and upgrades via the Red Hat

Package Manager, plus it installs a Tomcat

init script for stopping, starting, and

restarting Tomcat from the command line and on reboots. The downside to this

method of installation is that you must install the Tomcat RPM package as the

root user. As of this writing there are at least two RPM package implementa-

tions for you to choose from, each with different features.

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