Zabbix 2.2深度指南：优化大型IT环境监控

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《精通Zabbix（PACKT，2013）》是一本深入指南，专为IT环境中的监控系统管理提供全面的实践和战略建议。随着监控在现代IT环境中日益重要，这本书针对的是如何高效地利用Zabbix 2.2进行大规模环境的监控。作者Andrea Dalle Vacche和Stefano Kewan Lee共同撰写了本书，旨在帮助读者从选择合适的架构（高可用性或分布式）开始，了解如何配置和管理这个强大的工具。本书涵盖了关键知识点： 1. **系统选型与配置**：指导读者根据自身环境和需求选择合适的Zabbix规模和配置，确保监控系统的精准匹配。 2. **监控策略**：讲解如何确定实际需要监控的内容，包括性能指标、数据采集与整合，以及与其他系统的集成，如数据挖掘解决方案和问题跟踪系统。 3. **数据收集与可视化**：详细介绍如何收集并分析监控数据，以便做出准确的决策和行动，同时展示如何创建图表和地图以支持大屏幕显示。 4. **发现与智能报警**：探讨如何利用Zabbix的发现功能跟踪动态环境变化，并设计出复杂且智能的警报系统，避免被琐碎问题分散注意力。 5. **扩展功能**：通过Zabbix的脚本、协议和API，用户可以学习如何增强其功能，实现对SNMP兼容设备和JMX应用程序服务器的全面监控，以及如何优化数据存储和管理。版权方面，该书受2013年PACKT Publishing出版，所有权利保留，未经书面许可，不得以任何形式复制或传播。尽管作者和出版社已尽最大努力确保信息的准确性，但书中提供的内容均不作任何保证，不会对由此产生的损失负责。此外，书中提及的商标信息可能因时间推移而有所变化，Packt Publishing对此无法保证其准确性。本书首次发布于2013年12月。通过阅读这本书，读者将能够掌握Zabbix的核心技术，提升IT环境的监控效率和效果。

Table of Contents

[ v ]

Chapter 8: Handling External Scripts 253

External checks 254

The script's placement 255

Going deep into external checks 255

Inside the script 258

General script writing rules 260

Some consideration about external checks 260

The UserParameter 261

The exible UserParameter 261

Some considerations about UserParameters 263

Sending data using zabbix_sender 264

The new script 265

Writing a wrapper script for check_ora_sendtrap 266

Pros and cons of a dedicated script server 267

Working with Zabbix protocols 268

The Zabbix get protocol 269

The Zabbix sender protocol 269

An interesting undocumented feature 271

Using clock properties in JSON items 272

The Zabbix Agent protocol 273

Some more possible responses 275

Communicating with Zabbix 276

Implementing Zabbix sender in Java 276

Implementing Zabbix sender in Python 278

Some considerations about agent development 280

Summary 281

Chapter 9: Extending Zabbix 283

Exploring the Zabbix API 284

Authenticating through the API 286

Using the PyZabbix library 288

Synchronizing templates across different nodes 291

Mass operations 294

Redistributing hosts to proxies 294

Adding or updating users 295

Exporting data 298

Extracting tabular data 299

Creating graphs from data 302

The Graphviz suite of programs 302

Creating a trigger dependency graph 303

Summary 306

Preface

Ever since its rst public release in 2001, Zabbix has distinguished itself as a very

powerful and effective monitoring solution. As an open source product, it's easy to

obtain and deploy, and its unique approach to metrics and alarms has helped to set

it apart from its competitors, both open and commercial. It's a powerful, compact

package with very low requirements in terms of hardware and supporting software

for a basic yet effective installation. If you add a relative ease of use, it's clear

that it can be a very good contender for small environments with a tight budget.

But it's when it comes to managing a huge number of monitored objects, with a

complex conguration and dependencies, where Zabbix's scalability and inherently

distributed architecture really shines. More than anything, Zabbix can be an ideal

solution in large, complex, distributed environments, where being able to manage

efciently and extract meaningful information from monitored objects and events is

just as important, if not more important, than the usual considerations about costs,

accessibility, and the ease of use.

The purpose of this book is to help make the most of your Zabbix installation to

leverage all of its power to monitor effectively any large and complex environment.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Deploying Zabbix, will focus on choosing the optimal hardware and

software conguration for the Zabbix server and database in relation to the current

IT infrastructure, monitoring goals, and possible evolution. This chapter also

includes a section that covers an interesting database-sizing digression, useful

to calculate the nal database size using a standard environment as the baseline.

Correct environment sizing and a brief discussion about metrics and measurements

that can also be used for capacity planning will be covered here. The chapter will

contain practical examples and calculations framed in a theoretical approach to give

the reader the skills required to adapt the information to real-world deployments.

Preface

[ 2 ]

Chapter 2, Distributed Monitoring, will explore the various Zabbix components,

both on the server and agent side. In addition to the deployment and conguration

of agents, proxies and nodes, maintenance, changed management, and security will

all be taken into account. This section will cover all the possible Zabbix architectural

implementations adding the pros and cons considerations.

Chapter 3, High Availability and Failover, will cover the subjects of high-availability

and failover. For each of the three main Zabbix tiers, the reader will learn to choose

among different HA options. The discussion will build on the information provided

in the previous two chapters, in order to end the rst part of the book with a few

complete deployment scenarios that will include high-availability server and databases

hierarchically organized in tiered, distributed architectures geared at monitoring

thousands of objects scattered in different geographical locations.

Chapter 4, Collecting Data, will move beyond simple agent items and SNMP queries

to tackle a few complex data sources. The chapter will explore some powerful Zabbix

built-ins, how to use them, and how to choose the best metrics to ensure thorough

monitoring without overloading the system. There will also be special considerations

about aggregated values and their use to monitor complex environments with

clusters or the more complex grid architectures.

Chapter 5, Visualizing Data, will focus on getting the most out of the data visualization

features of Zabbix. This one is a quite useful section especially if you need to explain

or chase some hardware expansion/improvement to the business unit. You will

learn how to leverage live monitoring data to make dynamic maps and how to

organize a collection of graphs for big-screen visualization in control centers and

implement a general qualitative view. This chapter will cover completely the data

center quality view slide show, which is really useful to highlight problems and warn

the rst-level support in a proactive approach. The chapter will also explore some

best practices concerning the IT services and SLA reporting features of Zabbix.

Chapter 6, Managing Alerts, will give examples of complex triggers and trigger

conditions, as well as some advice on choosing the right amount of trigger and

alerting actions. The purpose is to help you walk the ne line between being blind

to possible problems and being overwhelmed by false positives. You will also learn

how to use actions to automatically x simple problems, raising actions without

the need of human intervention to correlate different triggers and events, and how

to tie escalations to your operations management workow. This section will make

you aware of what can be automated, reducing your administrative workload and

optimizing the administration process in a proactive way.

Preface

[ 3 ]

Chapter 7, Managing Templates, will offer some guidelines for effective template

management: building complex templates schemes out of simple components,

understanding and managing the effects of template modication and maintenance

of existing monitored objects, and assigning templates to discovered hosts. This will

conclude the second part of the book, dedicated to the different Zabbix monitoring

and data management options. The third and nal part will discuss Zabbix's

interaction with external products and all its powerful extensibility features.

Chapter 8, Handling External Scripts, will help you learn how to write scripts to

monitor objects not covered by the core Zabbix features. The relative advantages

and disadvantages of keeping the scripts on the server side or agent side, how to

launch or schedule them, and a detailed analysis of the Zabbix agent protocol will

also be covered. This section will make you aware of all the possible side effects,

delay, and load caused by script; you will so be able to implement all the needed

external checks, well aware of all that is connected with them and the relative

observer effect. The chapter will include different implementations on working

Bash, Java, and Python so that you can easily write your own scripts to extend

and enhance Zabbix's monitoring possibilities.

Chapter 9, Extending Zabbix, will delve into the Zabbix API and how to use it to

build specialized frontends and complex extensions or to harvest monitoring

data for further elaboration and reporting. It will include some simple example

implementations, written in Python, that will illustrate how to export and further

manipulate data; how to perform massive and complex operations on monitored

objects; and nally, how to automate different management aspects like user

creation and conguration, trigger activation, and the like.

Chapter 10, Integrating Zabbix, will wrap things up discussing how to make other

systems know about Zabbix, and the other way around. This is key to the successful

management of any large or complex environment. You will learn how to use

built-in Zabbix features, API calls, or direct database queries to communicate with

different upstream and downstream systems and applications. To further illustrate

the integration possibilities, there will be a complete and concrete example of

interaction with the Request Tracker trouble-ticket system.

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