Hibernate3.3.2中文参考手册：关系数据库持久化实战

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"Hibernate3.3.2参考手册中文版，适合自学者作为参考资料，详细介绍了Hibernate框架的使用，包括关系数据库持久化、映射配置、关联管理、事务处理和架构设计等内容。" 《Hibernate3.3.2参考手册》是一本面向Java开发者的详尽指南，旨在帮助他们理解和掌握Hibernate这一流行的对象关系映射（ORM）框架。Hibernate通过提供一套API，使得Java开发者能以更符合面向对象的方式操作关系型数据库，从而简化了数据持久化的复杂性。手册的前言部分强调了用户反馈的重要性，并提供了教程的初步引导。教程分为三个部分，逐步深入地介绍Hibernate的使用： 1. 第一部分是“第一个Hibernate应用程序”，涵盖了安装设置、定义实体类、创建映射文件、配置Hibernate、构建项目以及启动和数据存取的基本步骤。这部分让初学者快速上手，理解如何将对象保存到数据库中。 2. 第二部分“关联映射”讲解了如何处理对象之间的关联，包括单向和双向关联、Set为基础的关联以及值类型集合的映射。这部分内容对于理解数据模型的复杂性至关重要，因为实际项目中往往涉及到多对一、一对多、多对多等复杂的关联关系。 3. 第三部分“EventManager web应用程序”展示了如何在实际Web环境中使用Hibernate，包括编写servlet、处理事务边界和部署测试。特别提到了“session-per-request”模式，这是一种常见的事务管理策略，确保每个HTTP请求对应一个数据库会话，保证了数据的一致性。同时，手册还建议使用servlet过滤器来简化事务管理代码。手册接下来的部分深入讨论了Hibernate的架构，包括： - 概览：概述了Hibernate的主要组件和它们之间的交互。 - 实例状态：解释了Hibernate管理的对象实例可能存在的各种状态，如瞬时、持久化、托管和脱管状态。 - JMX整合：介绍了如何通过Java管理扩展（JMX）集成Hibernate，以便监控和管理运行时的配置和性能。 - 对JCA的支持：讨论了Hibernate对Java连接管理（JCA）的适应，使得它能在企业级应用服务器中无缝集成。 - Contextual sessions：阐述了上下文会话的概念，这些会话可以根据不同环境（如Web应用、EJB等）进行定制和管理。配置章节则详细介绍了如何通过编程方式配置Hibernate，包括数据库连接、缓存、查询语言等设置，为开发者提供了详细的配置指导。《Hibernate3.3.2参考手册中文版》是一份全面的参考资料，涵盖了从基础到高级的Hibernate使用技巧，对于想要深入学习和应用Hibernate的Java开发者来说，无疑是一份宝贵的财富。

第1章Tutorial

private void setId(Long id) {

this.id = id;

}

public Date getDate() {

return date;

}

public void setDate(Date date) {

this.date = date;

}

public String getTitle() {

return title;

}

public void setTitle(String title) {

this.title = title;

}

This class uses standard JavaBean naming conventions for property getter and setter

methods, as well as private visibility for the fields. Although this is the recommended

design, it is not required. Hibernate can also access fields directly, the benefit of

accessor methods is robustness for refactoring.

The id property holds a unique identifier value for a particular event. All persistent

entity classes (there are less important dependent classes as well) will need such an

identifier property if we want to use the full feature set of Hibernate. In fact, most

applications, especially web applications, need to distinguish objects by identifier,

so you should consider this a feature rather than a limitation. However, we usually do

not manipulate the identity of an object, hence the setter method should be private. Only

Hibernate will assign identifiers when an object is saved. Hibernate can access public,

private, and protected accessor methods, as well as public, private and protected fields

directly. The choice is up to you and you can match it to fit your application design.

The no-argument constructor is a requirement for all persistent classes; Hibernate

has to create objects for you, using Java Reflection. The constructor can be private,

however package or public visibility is required for runtime proxy generation and

efficient data retrieval without bytecode instrumentation.

Save this file to the src/main/java/org/hibernate/tutorial/domain directory.

Hibernate配置

</id>

</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

Similar to the id element, the name attribute of the property element tells Hibernate

which getter and setter methods to use. In this case, Hibernate will search for getDate(),

setDate(), getTitle() and setTitle() methods.

注意

Why does the date property mapping include the column attribute, but the

title does not? Without the column attribute, Hibernate by default uses

the property name as the column name. This works for title, however, date

is a reserved keyword in most databases so you will need to map it to

a different name.

The title mapping also lacks a type attribute. The types declared and used in the mapping

files are not Java data types; they are not SQL database types either. These types are

called Hibernate mapping types, converters which can translate from Java to SQL data

types and vice versa. Again, Hibernate will try to determine the correct conversion

and mapping type itself if the type attribute is not present in the mapping. In some

cases this automatic detection using Reflection on the Java class might not have the

default you expect or need. This is the case with the date property. Hibernate cannot

know if the property, which is of java.util.Date, should map to a SQL date, timestamp,

or time column. Full date and time information is preserved by mapping the property

with a timestamp converter.

提示

Hibernate makes this mapping type determination using reflection when the

mapping files are processed. This can take time and resources, so if

startup performance is important you should consider explicitly defining

the type to use.

Save this mapping file as src/main/resources/org/hibernate/tutorial/domain/Event.hbm.xml.

1.1.4.Hibernate配置

At this point, you should have the persistent class and its mapping file in place. It

is now time to configure Hibernate. First let's set up HSQLDB to run in "server mode"

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