深入学习vi与Vim编辑器：第7版精华

vi和Vim

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"vi和vim编辑器学习 - Learning the vi and Vim Editors (第7版) - A. Robbins, E. Hannah, L. Lamb" 在IT领域，掌握一款强大的文本编辑器是必不可少的技能，而vi（Visual Editor）及其增强版本vim（Vi Improved）无疑是Unix和Linux系统中最受欢迎的编辑器之一。《Learning the vi and Vim Editors》第7版是学习这两款编辑器的经典教程，由A. Robbins、E. Hannah和L. Lamb共同撰写。这本书深入浅出地介绍了vi和vim的基本操作和高级功能，帮助用户从新手成长为熟练掌握这两款编辑器的专家。 vi编辑器是一款屏幕编辑器，最初由Bill Joy于1976年开发，以其高效、非干扰性的操作模式著称。它分为命令模式和插入模式，用户在命令模式下可以执行文本移动、复制、删除等操作，而在插入模式下则可以进行文本输入。vim是vi的增强版本，添加了许多新特性，如语法高亮、自动补全、宏录制和播放、插件支持等，使得vim成为现代开发环境中不可或缺的工具。本教程将引导读者逐步了解vi和vim的基础知识，包括启动编辑器、移动光标、编辑文本、保存和退出文件等基本操作。同时，还会深入探讨高级特性，如正则表达式、命令行模式、可视选择、多窗口编辑、撤销与重做、宏以及自定义配置。通过实际案例和练习，读者能够熟练掌握这些技能，并提升工作效率。此外，书中还涵盖了vim的编程支持，如编辑脚本、调试和代码导航，这对于程序员来说尤其重要。vim的可扩展性允许用户通过安装各种插件来增强其功能，例如，用于代码折叠、项目管理、代码检查等。书中的内容也会涉及如何安装和配置这些插件，以满足不同开发需求。 O'Reilly Media是知名的IT图书出版商，除了本书，他们还提供了其他与vi和vim相关的资源，如《vi Editor Pocket Reference》、《Unix in a Nutshell》、《Classic Shell Scripting》、《The Productive Programmer》和《Unix Power Tools》等，这些书籍可以帮助读者更全面地了解Unix环境下的工作方式。此外，O'Reilly的在线平台Safari Bookshelf提供了一个庞大的在线参考图书馆，用户可以搜索超过1000本书的内容，快速找到问题的答案。对于对Unix和Linux环境感兴趣的开发者，O'Reilly还组织了一系列的会议，如O'Reilly Media的会议，汇集了创新者们，共同探讨最新的工具、系统和技术，将创新者的知识转化为实用技能。同时，safari.oreilly.com的在线服务允许订阅者即时访问大量技术资源，快速解决工作中遇到的问题。《Learning the vi and Vim Editors》是学习和提升vi/vim技能的理想教材，结合丰富的相关资源和实践练习，无论是初学者还是经验丰富的用户，都能从中获益匪浅，提升在Unix和Linux环境下的文本编辑效率。

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Chapter 8, Introduction to the vi Clones, provides an introduction to the extensions

available in the four vi clones covered in this book. It centralizes in one place the

descriptions of multiwindow editing, GUI interfaces, extended regular expressions,

facilities that make editing easier, and several other features, providing a roadmap to

what follows in the rest of this book. It also provides a pointer to source code for the

original vi, which can be compiled easily on modern Unix systems (including GNU/

Linux).

Part II, Vim, describes Vim, the most popular vi clone in the early part of the 21st

century.

Chapter 9, Vim (vi Improved): An Introduction, provides a general introduction to Vim,

including where to get binary versions for popular operating systems and some of the

different ways to use Vim.

Chapter 10, Major Vim Improvements over vi, describes the major improvements in

Vim over vi, such as built-in help, control over initialization, additional motion com-

mands, and extended regular expressions.

Chapter 11, Multiple Windows in Vim, focuses on multiwindow editing, which is per-

haps the most significant additional feature over standard vi. This chapter provides all

the details on creating and using multiple windows.

Chapter 12, Vim Scripts, looks into the Vim command language, which lets you write

scripts to customize and tailor Vim to suit your needs. Much of Vim’s ease of use “out

of the box” comes from the large number of scripts that other users have already written

and contributed to the Vim distribution.

Chapter 13, Graphical Vim (gvim), looks at Vim in modern GUI environments, such

as those that are now standard on commercial Unix systems, GNU/Linux and other

Unix work-alikes, and MS Windows.

Chapter 14, Vim Enhancements for Programmers, focuses on Vim’s use as a program-

mer’s editor, above and beyond its facilities for general text editing. Of particular value

are the folding and outlining facilities, smart indenting, syntax highlighting, and edit-

compile-debug cycle speedups.

Chapter 15, Other Cool Stuff in Vim, is a bit of a catch-all chapter, covering a number

of interesting points that don’t fit into the earlier chapters.

Part III, Other vi Clones, describes three other popular vi clones: nvi, elvis, and vile.

Chapter 16, nvi: New vi, Chapter 17, Elvis, and Chapter 18, vile: vi Like Emacs, cover

the various vi clones—nvi, elvis, and vile—showing you how to use their extensions

to vi and discussing the features that are specific to each one.

Part IV, Appendixes, provides useful reference material.

xiv | Preface

Appendix A, The vi, ex, and Vim Editors, lists all vi and ex commands, sorted by func-

tion. It also provides an alphabetical list of ex commands. Selected vi and ex commands

from Vim are also included.

Appendix B, Setting Options, lists set command options for vi and for all four clones.

Appendix C, Problem Checklists, consolidates checklists found earlier in the book.

Appendix D, vi and the Internet, describes vi’s place in the larger Unix and Internet

culture.

How the Material Is Presented

Our philosophy is to give you a good overview of what we feel are vi survival materials

for the new user. Learning a new editor, especially an editor with all the options of

vi, can seem like an overwhelming task. We have made an effort to present basic con-

cepts and commands in an easy-to-read and logical manner.

After providing the basics for vi, which are usable everywhere, we move on to cover

Vim in depth. We then round out our coverage of the vi landscape by looking at nvi,

elvis, and vile. The following sections describe the conventions used in this book.

Discussion of vi Commands

A picture of a keyboard button, like the one on the left, marks the main discussion

of that particular keyboard command or of related commands. You will find a

brief introduction to the main concept before it is broken down into task-oriented

sections. We then present the appropriate command to use in each case, along with a

description of the command and the proper syntax for using it.

Conventions

In syntax descriptions and examples, what you would actually type is shown in the

Courier font, as are all command names. Filenames are also shown in Courier, as are

program options. Variables (which you would not type literally, but would replace with

an actual value when you type the command) are shown in Courier italic. Brackets

indicate that a variable is optional. For example, in the syntax line:

vi [filename]

filename would be replaced by an actual filename. The brackets indicate that the vi

command can be invoked without specifying a filename at all. The brackets themselves

are not typed.

Preface | xv

Certain examples show the effect of commands typed at the Unix shell prompt. In such

examples, what you actually type is shown in Courier Bold, to distinguish it from the

system response. For example:

$ ls

ch01.xml ch02.xml ch03.xml ch04.xml

In code examples, italic indicates a comment that is not to be typed. Otherwise, italic

introduces special terms and emphasizes anything that needs emphasis.

Following traditional Unix documentation convention, references of the form

printf(3) refer to the online manual (accessed via the man command). This example refers

to the entry for the printf( ) function in section 3 of the manual (you would type man

3 printf on most systems to see it).

Keystrokes

Special keystrokes are shown in a box. For example:

iWith a ESC

Throughout the book, you will also find columns of vi commands and their results:

Keystrokes Results

"practice" [New file] 6 lines, 320 characters

Give the write and save command, ZZ. Your file is saved as a regular Unix file.

In the preceding example, the command ZZ is shown in the left column. In the window

to the right is a line (or several lines) of the screen that show the result of the command.

Cursor position is shown in reverse video. In this instance, since ZZ saves and writes

the file, you see the status line shown when a file is written; the cursor position is not

shown. Below the window is an explanation of the command and its result.

Sometimes vi commands are issued by pressing the CTRL key and another key si-

multaneously. In the text, this combination keystroke is usually written within a box

(for example, CTRL-G). In code examples, it is written by preceding the name of the

key with a caret (^). For example, ^G means to hold down CTRL while pressing the

G key.

Problem Checklist

A problem checklist is included in those sections where you may run into some trouble.

You can skim these checklists and go back to them when you actually encounter a

problem. All of the problem checklists are also collected in Appendix C, for ease of

reference.

xvi | Preface

and find quick answers when you need the most accurate, current information. Try it

for free at http://safari.oreilly.com.

About the Previous Editions

In the fifth edition of this book (then called Learning the vi Editor), the ex editor com-

mands were first discussed more fully. In Chapters 5, 6, and 7, the complex features of

ex and vi were clarified by adding more examples, in topics such as regular expression

syntax, global replacement, .exrc files, word abbreviations, keyboard maps, and edit-

ing scripts. A few of the examples were drawn from articles in Unix World magazine.

Walter Zintz wrote a two-part tutorial

on vi that taught us a few things we didn’t

know, and that also had a lot of clever examples illustrating features we did already

cover in the book. Ray Swartz also had a helpful tip in one of his columns.

†

We are

grateful for the ideas in these articles.

The sixth edition of Learning the vi Editor introduced coverage of four freely available

“clones,” or work-alike editors. Many of them have improvements over the original

vi. One could thus say that there is a “family” of vi editors, and the book’s goal was

to teach you what you need to know to use them. That edition treated nvi, Vim,

elvis, and vile equally.

The sixth edition also added the following features:

• Many minor corrections and additions were made to the basic text.

• For each chapter where appropriate, a command summary was added at the end.

• New chapters covered each vi clone, the features and/or extensions common to

two or more of the clones, and multiwindow editing.

• The chapters for each vi clone described a bit of that program’s history and goals,

its unique features, and where to get it.

• A new appendix described vi’s place in the larger Unix and Internet culture.

Preface to the Seventh Edition

This seventh edition of Learning the vi and Vim Editors retains all the good features of

the sixth edition. Time has proven Vim to be the most popular vi clone, so this edition

adds considerably expanded coverage of that editor (and gives it a place in the title).

However, to be relevant for as many users as possible, we have retained and updated

the material on nvi, elvis, and vile.

“vi Tips for Power Users,” Unix World, April 1990; and “Using vi to Automate Complex Edits,” Unix

World, May 1990. Both articles by Walter Zintz. (See Appendix D for the web location of these articles.)

†

“Answers to Unix,” Unix World, August 1990.

xviii | Preface

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