FT232RL USB转UART芯片详解及应用

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"FT232RL是一款由Future Technology Devices International (FTDI)公司推出的USB转UART接口集成电路，集成了时钟发生器输出和FTDI Chip-ID™安全特性。这款芯片在USB到串行UART的设计中简化了外部元件的需求，如内置EEPROM、时钟电路和USB电阻。与它的前代产品相比，FT232R增加了两个新功能，使其在某些应用领域成为一种‘3合1’的解决方案。它能内部生成6MHz、12MHz、24MHz和48MHz的时钟信号，可用于驱动微控制器或外部逻辑。此外，每个FT232R在制造过程中都烧录了一个唯一的FTDI Chip-ID™，该ID可通过USB读取，从而提供了一种安全 dongle 功能，用于保护客户的应用程序免受未经授权的访问。" FT232RL芯片详解： 1. **USB转UART接口**：FT232RL的核心功能是将USB接口转换为通用异步接收/发送器（UART）接口，允许设备通过USB接口与采用UART通信协议的系统进行通信。这在需要将老式串行设备连接到现代USB接口的系统中特别有用。 2. **集成组件**：为了简化设计，FT232R内置了外部EEPROM，这意味着用户不再需要额外的存储器来保存配置信息。同时，它整合了时钟电路，减少了对外部晶体振荡器的依赖，并内置了USB接口所需的上拉电阻。 3. **时钟发生器输出**：FT232RL能提供4个不同频率的内部时钟信号，这些时钟可以输出到外部，为微控制器或其他逻辑电路提供精确的时序参考。 4. **FTDI Chip-ID™**：这个独特的设备标识符在生产阶段就已烧录，且不可更改，通过USB接口可以读取。这一特性使得FT232RL成为一种安全机制，可以用于验证软件许可，防止非法复制或未经授权的使用。 5. **同步和异步位模式**：除了基本的UART接口，FT232RL还支持同步位模式，允许用户在不同的通信协议之间灵活切换，增强了其在各种应用中的适应性。 6. **安全应用**：FT232R的FTDI Chip-ID™功能可以用于创建安全dongle，这是一种硬件安全措施，可以保护软件或服务不被非法复制或盗用，尤其适用于需要授权验证的软件应用程序。 7. **应用范围**：FT232RL适用于多种应用领域，包括嵌入式系统、工业控制、数据通信、测试和测量设备，以及任何需要将USB接口与UART接口连接的场合。 FT232RL是一款功能强大的USB转UART接口芯片，其集成性和安全性使它在众多接口解决方案中脱颖而出，为开发者提供了便捷和可靠的连接选项。

FT232R USB UART I.C. Datasheet Version 1.04 © Future Technology Devices International Ltd. 2005

Page 6

Serial Interface Engine (SIE) - The Serial Interface Engine (SIE) block performs the Parallel to Serial and Serial to

Parallel conversion of the USB data. In accordance to the USB 2.0 speciﬁcation, it performs bit stufﬁng / un-stufﬁng

and CRC5 / CRC16 generation / checking on the USB data stream.

USB Protocol Engine - The USB Protocol Engine manages the data stream from the device USB control endpoint. It

handles the low level USB protocol (Chapter 9) requests generated by the USB host controller and the commands for

controlling the functional parameters of the UART.

FIFO TX Buffer (128 bytes) - Data from the USB data out endpoint is stored in the FIFO TX buffer and removed from

the buffer to the UART transmit register under control of the UART FIFO controller.

FIFO RX Buffer (256 bytes) - Data from the UART receive register is stored in the FIFO RX buffer prior to being

removed by the SIE on a USB request for data from the device data in endpoint.

UART FIFO Controller - The UART FIFO controller handles the transfer of data between the FIFO RX and TX buffers

and the UART transmit and receive registers.

UART Controller with Programmable Signal Inversion and High Drive - Together with the UART FIFO Controller

the UART Controller handles the transfer of data between the FIFO RX and FIFO TX buffers and the UART transmit

and receive registers. It performs asynchronous 7 / 8 bit Parallel to Serial and Serial to Parallel conversion of the

data on the RS232 (RS422 and RS485) interface. Control signals supported by UART mode include RTS, CTS,

DSR , DTR, DCD and RI. The UART Controller also provides a transmitter enable control signal pin option (TXDEN)

to assist with interfacing to RS485 transceivers. RTS / CTS, DSR / DTR and X-On / X-Off handshaking options are

also supported. Handshaking, where required, is handled in hardware to ensure fast response times. The UART also

supports the RS232 BREAK setting and detection conditions. A new feature, programmable in the internal EEPROM

allows the UART signals to each be individually inverted. Another new EEPROM programmable feature allows a high

signal drive strength to be enabled on the UART interface and CBUS pins.

Baud Rate Generator - The Baud Rate Generator provides a x16 clock input to the UART Controller from the 48MHz

reference clock and consists of a 14 bit prescaler and 3 register bits which provide ﬁne tuning of the baud rate

(used to divide by a number plus a fraction or “sub-integer”). This determines the Baud Rate of the UART, which is

programmable from 183 baud to 3 million baud.

The FT232R supports all standard baud rates and non-standard baud rates from 300 Baud up to 3 Megabaud.

Achievable non-standard baud rates are calculated as follows -

Baud Rate = 3000000 / (n + x)

where n can be any integer between 2 and 16,384 ( = 2

) and x can be a sub-integer of the value 0, 0.125, 0.25,

0.375, 0.5, 0.625, 0.75, or 0.875. When n = 1, x = 0, i.e. baud rate divisors with values between 1 and 2 are not

possible.

This gives achievable baud rates in the range 183.1 baud to 3,000,000 baud. When a non-standard baud rate is

required simply pass the required baud rate value to the driver as normal, and the FTDI driver will calculate the

required divisor, and set the baud rate. See FTDI application note AN232B-05 for more details.

RESET Generator - The integrated Reset Generator Cell provides a reliable power-on reset to the device internal

circuitry on power up. A RESET# input pin is provided to allow other devices to reset the FT232R. RESET# can be

tied to VCCIO or left unconnected, unless it is a requirement to reset the device from external logic or an external

reset generator I.C.

Internal EEPROM - The internal EEPROM in the FT232R can be used to store USB Vendor ID (VID), Product ID

(PID), device serial number, product description string, and various other USB conﬁguration descriptors. The internal

EEPROM is also used to conﬁgure the CBUS pin functions. The device is supplied with the internal EEPROM settings

preprogrammed as described in Section 10.

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