Python文本处理实战：高级概念与高效开发

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"《Python中的文本处理：深入实践与高级概念》本资源专注于讲解如何在Python中高效处理大量文本数据，包括HTML、XML和电子邮件等常见格式。作者强调了该书对于开发强大且功能全面的文本处理程序的价值，尤其对于那些希望深入理解文本处理技术的读者来说，内容涵盖广泛且实用。第一章，"Python基础与高级技巧"，旨在引导读者掌握Python语言本身提供的、但对初学者可能不明显的一些编程技术。这些技术通常适用于文本处理场景，尽管它们并不专门针对这个领域，而是通用的编程技巧，对文本处理任务大有裨益。书中特别关注那些即使对中级程序员也可能不太显而易见的方法，以便于读者在实际应用中灵活运用。章节1.1探讨了诸如元编程（metaprogramming）、异常处理和模块管理等高级编程手法，这些都是Python中不可或缺的组成部分。通过这些内容，读者将学会如何利用Python的动态特性来优化文本处理流程，提高代码的效率和可维护性。 1.2节则详细介绍了Python标准库中的模块，如`re`（正则表达式）和`string`（字符串操作工具），这些是文本处理中不可或缺的基石。标准库提供了丰富的函数和类，可以帮助开发者轻松处理文本格式转换、搜索替换、拆分合并等常见任务，同时降低了学习曲线。此外，书中还涵盖了文本处理中的高级概念，如有限状态机（finite state machines），这是一种强大的抽象模型，用于解析和分析复杂的文本结构。通过理解和应用这一概念，读者能够构建更复杂、智能化的文本分析工具。总结来说，《Python中的文本处理》是一本适合各层次Python开发者深入学习文本处理技术的实用指南，无论是初学者还是进阶者，都能从中获得丰富的实践经验和理论知识。通过阅读这本书，读者不仅能掌握Python的基本语法和高级技巧，还能提升在处理大规模文本数据时的效率和创新能力。"

>>> object.__repr__(self)

'<str object at 0x12c0a0>'

>>> string.upper(self)

'SPAM''

However, there is usually little reason to use class methods in

place of perfectly good built-in and module functions with the

same purpose. Normally, these methods of datatype classes are

used only in child classes that override the base classes, as

in:i

>>> class UpperObject(object):

... def __repr__(self):

... return object.__repr__(self).upper()

...

>>> uo = UpperObject()

>>> print uo

<__MAIN__.UPPEROBJECT OBJECT AT 0X1C2C6C><<

=================================================================

BUILTIN -- object : Ancestor class for new-style datatypes

==================================================================

Under Python 2.2+, 'object' has become a base for new-style

classes. Inheriting from 'object' enables a custom class to

use a few new capabilities, such as slots and properties. But

usually if you are interested in creating a custom datatype, it

is better to inherit from a child of 'object', such as 'list',

'float', or 'dict'.'

METHODS:M

object.__eq__(self, other)

Return a Boolean comparison between 'self' and 'other'.

Determines how a datatype responds to the '==' operator.

The parent class 'object' does not implement '.__eq__()'

since by default object equality means the same thing as

identity (the 'is' operator). A child is free to

implement this in order to affect comparisons.i

object.__ne__(self, other)

Return a Boolean comparison between 'self' and 'other'.

Determines how a datatype responds to the '!=' and '<>'

operators. The parent class 'object' does not implement

'.__ne__()' since by default object inequality means the

same thing as nonidentity (the 'is not' operator).

SEE ALSO, [repr], [operator]SS

=================================================================

BUILTIN -- file : New-style base class for file objects

==================================================================

Under Python 2.2+, it is possible to create a custom file-like

object by inheriting from the built-in class 'file'. In older

Python versions you may only create file-like objects by

defining the methods that define an object as "file-like."

However, even in recent versions of Python, inheritance from

'file' buys you little--if the data contents come from

somewhere other than a native filesystem, you will have to

reimplement every method you wish to support.r

Even more than for other object types, what makes an object

file-like is a fuzzy concept. Depending on your purpose you

may be happy with an object that can only read, or one that can

only write. You may need to seek within the object, or you may

be happy with a linear stream. In general, however, file-like

objects are expected to read and write strings. Custom classes

only need implement those methods that are meaningful to them

and should only be used in contexts where their capabilities

are sufficient.a

In documenting the methods of file-like objects, I adopt a

slightly different convention than for other built-in types.

Since actually inheriting from 'file' is unusual, I use the

capitalized name 'FILE' to indicate a general file-like object.

Instances of the actual 'file' class are examples (and

implement all the methods named), but other types of objects

can be equally good 'FILE' instances.c

BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS:B

open(fname [,mode [,buffering]])

file(fname [,mode [,buffering]])

Return a file object that attaches to the filename 'fname'.

The optional argument 'mode' describes the capabilities and

access style of the object. An 'r' mode is for reading;

'w' for writing (truncating any existing content); 'a'

for appending (writing to the end). Each of these modes

may also have the binary flag 'b' for platforms like

Windows that distinguish text and binary files. The flag

'+' may be used to allow both reading and writing. The

argument 'buffering' may be 0 for none, 1 for line-oriented,

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