暗物质解释AMS-02反质子与正电子过量现象的SU(2)X模型

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本文主要探讨了暗物质在AMS-02实验观测结果中的潜在作用，特别是针对实验中观察到的反质子与质子以及正电子功率谱的异常现象。AMS-02（阿尔法磁谱仪）是一项旨在研究宇宙射线的国际合作项目，其数据揭示了一些未被标准模型解释的现象，暗示可能存在着额外的粒子成分。作者们提出了一种基于扩展希格斯模型的理论框架，即引入一个隐藏的SU(2)X对称性，这个对称性通过四个标量场的Z3破缺，生成稳定的弱相互作用大质量粒子，这些粒子被设想为暗物质的候选者。这一模型的关键点在于它能够解释反质子和正电子功率谱的过量，同时保持暗物质的正确 relic abundance（剩余量），也就是宇宙早期形成时留下的暗物质数量，这符合宇宙学的标准预测。论文中提到，通过对暗物质与标准模型粒子的耦合进行细致的计算，他们能够构建一个理论模型，使得在考虑到现有的直接探测限制后，仍然能解释AMS-02观测到的数据。这种暗物质模型的稳定性、粒子性质以及对宇宙背景辐射的影响都得到了深入分析，以验证其作为解决AMS-02异常现象的合理性。此外，文章还提到了研究过程中的关键步骤，包括接收日期、接受日期以及在线发布日期，以及论文的编辑，表明这是一个经过同行评审并公开发布的开放存取研究成果。作者J.Hisano是论文的编辑，反映了他对这一领域的专业知识和对该工作的认可。总结来说，这篇论文为理解暗物质与宇宙射线中的反质子和正电子异常提供了新的见解，通过一个创新的理论模型，它不仅解决了现有实验数据的问题，还保持了对暗物质基本特性的一致性。这为未来的暗物质研究提供了重要的线索，并有可能推动对暗物质本质的深入探索。

Physics Letters B 747 (2015) 495–499

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Physics Letters B

www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb

Dark matter for excess of AMS-02 positrons and antiprotons

Chuan-Hung Chen

, Cheng-Wei Chiang

b,c,d,e,∗

, Takaaki Nomura

Department of Physics, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC

Center for Mathematics and Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan, ROC

Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC

Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, ROC

Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history:

Received

7 May 2015

Accepted

15 June 2015

Available

online 16 June 2015

Editor:

J. Hisano

We propose a dark matter explanation to simultaneously account for the excess of antiproton-to-proton

and positron power spectra observed in the AMS-02 experiment while having the right dark matter

relic abundance and satisfying the current direct search bounds. We extend the Higgs triplet model with

a hidden gauge symmetry of SU(2)

that is broken to Z

by a quadruplet scalar ﬁeld, rendering the

associated gauge bosons stable weakly-interacting massive particle dark matter candidates. By coupling

the complex Higgs triplet and the SU(2)

quadruplet, the dark matter candidates can annihilate into

triplet Higgs bosons each of which in turn decays into lepton or gauge boson ﬁnal states. Such a

mechanism gives rise to correct excess of positrons and antiprotons with an appropriate choice of the

triplet vacuum expectation value. Besides, the model provides a link between neutrino mass and dark

matter phenomenology.

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP

1. Introduction

After the discovery of 125-GeV Higgs boson with many prop-

erties

consistent with the standard model (SM) expectations [1,

2],

we are left with two pieces of empirical evidence that call for

new physics explanations. One is the phenomenon of neutrino os-

cillations

that leads to the question about how neutrino mass is

generated. The other is astronomical observation of gravitational

effects caused by dark matter (DM), whose abundance is bound to

be about 5 times that of ordinary matter.

the SM, masses of quarks and massive gauge bosons are gen-

erated

through Yukawa and gauge couplings with the condensate

of the Higgs doublet ﬁeld through the Brout–Englert–Higgs (BEH)

mechanism [3,4]. One minimal extension for giving tiny mass to

neutrinos is done by introducing a complex Higgs triplet through

the type-II seesaw mechanism, the so-called Higgs triplet model

(HTM) [5,6]. In this case, the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of

the Higgs triplet ﬁeld is induced by electroweak symmetry break-

ing

(EWSB) and controls whether the charged Higgs bosons de-

rived

from the triplet ﬁeld decay dominantly to leptons or weak

Corresponding author at: Center for Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, De-

partment

of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan, ROC.

E-mail

addresses: physchen@mail.ncku.edu.tw (C.-H. Chen),

chengwei@ncu.edu.tw (C.-W. Chiang), nomura@mail.ncku.edu.tw (T. Nomura).

gauge bosons. Direct searches of the doubly charged Higgs boson

predicted in this model at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) gener-

ally

put a lower mass bound at about 400 GeV [7–10].

the past few years, many experiments have reported indirect

evidence of DM, such as the excess of positron fraction observed

by PAMELA [11], Fermi-LAT [12] and AMS-02 [13], the excess of

positron+electron ﬂux observed by ATIC [14], HESS [15,16], Fermi-

LAT [17],

PAMELA [18] and AMS-02 [13], the excess of gamma-ray

spectrum at the Galactic Center [19–23], and so on. The AMS Col-

laboration

also conﬁrms with an unprecedented precision the ex-

cess

of positron fraction in the energy range of [0.5, 500] GeV [24],

the positron + electron ﬂux from 0.5 GeV to 1TeV[25], and a

deviation of the antiproton fraction from secondary astrophysical

sources of cosmic ray collisions for the antiproton kinetic energy

between 50–500 GeV [26]. Although still uncertain whether the

observed antiproton spectrum is still consistent with the back-

ground

of secondary antiprotons [27,28], several studies [29–31]

have

attempted to explain the possible excess of antiproton using

DM annihilations and/or decays. It is well-known that the excess

of both electron and position ﬂuxes require additional contribu-

tions

to the thermally averaged DM annihilation cross section [32,

33] than

is required by the antiproton fraction spectrum. In this

work, we propose a weakly-interacting massive particle (WIMP)

DM model that readily accommodates the two sets of data.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2015.06.035

0370-2693/

SCOAP

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