MSP430 C/C++ 编译器使用指南

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"MSP430 Optimizing C/C++ Compiler v 4.1 用户指南" 本指南详细介绍了Texas Instruments的MSP430系列微控制器专用的C/C++编译器，该编译器是软件开发工具包的一部分，旨在帮助开发者优化针对MSP430处理器的应用程序。这份文档的文学编号为SLAU132G，发布于2012年5月。 **1. 软件开发工具概述** 1.1 软件开发工具介绍这部分提供了对整个软件开发环境的简介，包括编译器、调试器、链接器和其他辅助工具，这些工具协同工作以支持MSP430应用的完整开发周期。 **1.2 C/C++编译器概述** 1.2.1 ANSI/ISO标准编译器遵循ANSI（美国国家标准协会）和ISO（国际标准化组织）制定的C和C++语言标准，确保代码的跨平台兼容性和规范性。 1.2.2 输出文件编译过程会产生一系列中间和最终输出文件，如对象文件（.obj或.o）、可执行文件以及可能的诊断信息文件。 1.2.3 编译器接口编译器提供了命令行界面，允许开发者通过输入特定参数来控制编译过程。 1.2.4 辅助工具除了编译器本身，还包括其他实用工具，如预处理器、汇编器和链接器，它们是构建和调试应用程序的重要组成部分。 **2. 使用C/C++编译器** 2.1 关于编译器这一部分解释了编译器的基本功能和如何与它交互。 2.2 启动C/C++编译器描述了如何在命令行或集成开发环境中调用编译器，执行源代码编译。 2.3 通过选项改变编译器行为 2.3.1 常用选项列出了一些常用的编译选项，用于设置优化级别、警告等级和目标文件格式等。 2.3.2 其他有用选项涵盖了一些不那么常见但仍然重要的选项，可以影响编译器的行为。 2.3.3 运行时模型选项提供了关于如何配置运行时环境，如内存模型和堆栈管理的选项。 2.3.4 符号调试选项允许设置调试信息的生成，以便在调试器中进行源代码级别的调试。 2.3.5 指定文件名说明如何指示编译器处理特定的源文件和库。 2.3.6 改变编译器对文件名的解释讨论了如何处理文件路径和扩展名的问题。 2.3.7 改变编译器处理C文件的方式涉及源文件的预处理、包含文件的处理和宏定义。 2.3.8 解释和命名扩展描述了编译器如何识别不同类型的文件和扩展名。 2.3.9 指定目录说明如何添加搜索路径，以便编译器能找到头文件和库。 2.3.10 汇编器选项编译器也可能包含汇编器的选项，用于处理汇编语言代码。 2.3.11 废弃选项列出了一些旧版选项，不再推荐使用，可能在新版本中被移除。 2.4 通过环境变量控制编译器 2.4.1 设置默认编译器选项（MSP430_C_OPTION）解释了如何通过系统环境变量来设置编译器的默认行为。 2.4.2 指定备用目录（MSP430_INCLUDE_PATH等）说明如何通过环境变量指定额外的包含文件目录。这份用户指南为MSP430开发人员提供了全面的编译器使用指导，涵盖了从基础到高级的编译器设置和操作，是进行高效MSP430开发的重要参考资料。

Chapter 2

SLAU132G–May 2012

Using the C/C++ Compiler

The compiler translates your source program into machine language object code that the MSP430 can

execute. Source code must be compiled, assembled, and linked to create an executable object file. All of

these steps are executed at once by using the compiler.

Topic ........................................................................................................................... Page

2.1 About the Compiler ........................................................................................... 17

2.2 Invoking the C/C++ Compiler .............................................................................. 17

2.3 Changing the Compiler's Behavior With Options ................................................... 18

2.4 Controlling the Compiler Through Environment Variables ...................................... 32

2.5 Precompiled Header Support .............................................................................. 34

2.6 Controlling the Preprocessor .............................................................................. 35

2.7 Understanding Diagnostic Messages ................................................................... 38

2.8 Other Messages ................................................................................................ 41

2.9 Generating Cross-Reference Listing Information (--gen_acp_xref Option) ................ 41

2.10 Generating a Raw Listing File (--gen_acp_raw Option) ........................................... 41

2.11 Using Inline Function Expansion ......................................................................... 43

2.12 Using Interlist ................................................................................................... 44

2.13 Controlling Application Binary Interface ............................................................... 45

2.14 Enabling Entry Hook and Exit Hook Functions ..................................................... 46

Using the C/C++ Compiler SLAU132G–May 2012

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About the Compiler

2.1 About the Compiler

The compiler lets you compile, assemble, and optionally link in one step. The compiler performs the

following steps on one or more source modules:

• The compiler accepts C/C++ source code and assembly code, and produces object code.

You can compile C, C++, and assembly files in a single command. The compiler uses the filename

extensions to distinguish between different file types. See Section 2.3.8 for more information.

• The linker combines object files to create an executable object file. The linker is optional, so you can

compile and assemble many modules independently and link them later. See Chapter 4 for information

about linking the files.

Invoking the Linker

NOTE: By default, the compiler does not invoke the linker. You can invoke the linker by using the --

run_linker compiler option.

For a complete description of the assembler and the linker, see the MSP430 Assembly Language Tools

User's Guide.

2.2 Invoking the C/C++ Compiler

To invoke the compiler, enter:

cl430 [options] [filenames] [--run_linker [link_options] object files]]

cl430 Command that runs the compiler and the assembler.

options Options that affect the way the compiler processes input files. The options are

listed in Table 2-5 through Table 2-29.

filenames One or more C/C++ source files, assembly language source files, linear

assembly files, or object files.

--run_linker Option that invokes the linker. The --run_linker option's short form is -z. See

Chapter 4 for more information.

link_options Options that control the linking process.

object files Name of the additional object files for the linking process.

The arguments to the compiler are of three types:

• Compiler options

• Link options

• Filenames

The --run_linker option indicates linking is to be performed. If the --run_linker option is used, any compiler

options must precede the --run_linker option, and all link options must follow the --run_linker option.

Source code filenames must be placed before the --run_linker option. Additional object file filenames can

be placed after the --run_linker option.

For example, if you want to compile two files named symtab.c and file.c, assemble a third file named

seek.asm, and link to create an executable program called myprogram.out, you will enter:

cl430 symtab.c file.c seek.asm --run_linker --library=lnk.cmd

--library=rts430.lib --output_file=myprogram.out

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Changing the Compiler's Behavior With Options

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2.3 Changing the Compiler's Behavior With Options

Options control the operation of the compiler. This section provides a description of option conventions

and an option summary table. It also provides detailed descriptions of the most frequently used options,

including options used for type-checking and assembling.

For a help screen summary of the options, enter cl430 with no parameters on the command line.

The following apply to the compiler options:

• Options are preceded by one or two hyphens.

• Options are case sensitive.

• Options are either single letters or sequences of characters.

• Individual options cannot be combined.

• An option with a required parameter should be specified with an equal sign before the parameter to

clearly associate the parameter with the option. For example, the option to undefine a constant can be

expressed as --undefine=name. Although not recommended, you can separate the option and the

parameter with or without a space, as in --undefine name or -undefinename.

• An option with an optional parameter should be specified with an equal sign before the parameter to

clearly associate the parameter with the option. For example, the option to specify the maximum

amount of optimization can be expressed as -O=3. Although not recommended, you can specify the

parameter directly after the option, as in -O3. No space is allowed between the option and the optional

parameter, so -O 3 is not accepted.

• Files and options except the --run_linker option can occur in any order. The --run_linker option must

follow all other compile options and precede any link options.

You can define default options for the compiler by using the MSP430_C_OPTION environment variable.

For a detailed description of the environment variable, see Section 2.4.1.

Table 2-5 through Table 2-29 summarize all options (including link options). Use the references in the

tables for more complete descriptions of the options.

Table 2-1. Processor Options

Option Alias Effect Section

−−silicon_version={msp|mspx} -v Selects the instruction set Section 2.3.3

--abi={coffabi|eabi} Selects application binary interface. Default is coffabi. Section 2.13

--code_model={small|large} Specifies the code memory model Section 6.1.1

--data_model={small|large| Specifies the data memory model Section 6.1.2

restricted}

--near_data={globals|none} Specifies what data must be near. Default is globals. Section 6.1.3

Table 2-2. Optimization Options

(1)

Option Alias Effect Section

--opt_level=0 -O0 Optimizes register usage Section 3.1

--opt_level=1 -O1 Uses -O0 optimizations and optimizes locally Section 3.1

--opt_level=2 -O2 or -O Uses -O1 optimizations and optimizes globally (default) Section 3.1

--opt_level=3 -O3 Uses -O2 optimizations and optimizes the file Section 3.1

Section 3.2

--opt_level=4 -O4 Uses -O3 optimizations and performs link-time optimization Section 3.4

--opt_for_speed[=n] -mf Controls speed over space (0-5 range) (Default is 4.)

(1)

Note: Machine-specific options (see Table 2-11) can also affect optimization.

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Changing the Compiler's Behavior With Options

Table 2-3. Debug Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--symdebug:dwarf -g Enables symbolic debugging Section 2.3.4

--symdebug:none Disables all symbolic debugging Section 2.3.4

--symdebug:skeletal Enables minimal symbolic debugging that does not hinder Section 2.3.4

optimizations (default behavior)

--optimize_with_debug -mn Reenables optimizations disabled with --symdebug:dwarf

Table 2-4. Include Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--include_path=directory

-I

Defines #include search path Section 2.6.2.1

--preinclude=filename Includes filename at the beginning of compilation Section 2.3.2

Table 2-5. Control Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--compile_only -c Disables linking (negates --run_linker) Section 4.1.3

--help -h Prints (on the standard output device) a description of the options Section 2.3.1

understood by the compiler.

--run_linker -z Enables linking Section 2.3.1

--skip_assembler -n Compiles or assembly optimizes only Section 2.3.1

Table 2-6. Advanced Debug Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--symdebug:keep_all_types Keep unreferenced type information Section 2.3.4

Table 2-7. Language Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--cpp_default -fg Processes all source files with a C extension as C++ source files. Section 2.3.6

--create_pch=filename Creates a precompiled header file with the name specified Section 2.5

--embedded_cpp -pe Enables embedded C++ mode Section 5.15.3

--exceptions Enables C++ exception handling Section 5.7

--extern_c_can_throw Allow extern C functions to propagate exceptions (EABI only) --

--gcc Enables support for GCC extensions Section 5.16

--gen_acp_raw -pl Generates a raw listing file Section 2.10

--gen_acp_xref -px Generates a cross-reference listing file Section 2.9

--keep_unneeded_statics Keeps unreferenced static variables. Section 2.3.2

--kr_compatible -pk Allows K&R compatibility Section 5.15.1

--multibyte_chars -pc Enables support for multibyte character sequences in comments, --

string literals and character constants.

--no_inlining -pi Disables definition-controlled inlining (but --opt_level=3 (or -O3) Section 2.11

optimizations still perform automatic inlining)

--no_intrinsics -pn Disables intrinsic functions. No predefinition of compiler-supplied --

intrinsic functions.

--pch Creates or uses precompiled header files Section 2.5

--pch_dir=directory Specifies the path where the precompiled header file resides Section 2.5.2

--pch_verbose Displays a message for each precompiled header file that is Section 2.5.3

considered but not used

--program_level_compile -pm Combines source files to perform program-level optimization Section 3.3

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Table 2-7. Language Options (continued)

Option Alias Effect Section

--relaxed_ansi -pr Enables relaxed mode; ignores strict ISO violations Section 5.15.2

--rtti -rtti Enables run time type information (RTTI) –-

--static_template_instantiation Instantiate all template entities with internal linkage –-

--strict_ansi -ps Enables strict ISO mode (for C/C++, not K&R C) Section 5.15.2

--use_pch=filename Specifies the precompiled header file to use for this compilation Section 2.5.2

Table 2-8. Parser Preprocessing Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--preproc_dependency[=filename] -ppd Performs preprocessing only, but instead of writing preprocessed Section 2.6.7

output, writes a list of dependency lines suitable for input to a

standard make utility

--preproc_includes[=filename] -ppi Performs preprocessing only, but instead of writing preprocessed Section 2.6.8

output, writes a list of files included with the #include directive

--preproc_macros[=filename] -ppm Performs preprocessing only. Writes list of predefined and user- Section 2.6.9

defined macros to a file with the same name as the input but with a

.pp extension.

--preproc_only -ppo Performs preprocessing only. Writes preprocessed output to a file Section 2.6.3

with the same name as the input but with a .pp extension.

--preproc_with_comment -ppc Performs preprocessing only. Writes preprocessed output, keeping Section 2.6.5

the comments, to a file with the same name as the input but with a

.pp extension.

--preproc_with_compile -ppa Continues compilation after preprocessing Section 2.6.4

--preproc_with_line -ppl Performs preprocessing only. Writes preprocessed output with line- Section 2.6.6

control information (#line directives) to a file with the same name as

the input but with a .pp extension.

Table 2-9. Predefined Symbols Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--define=name[=def] -D Predefines name Section 2.3.1

--undefine=name -U Undefines name Section 2.3.1

Table 2-10. Diagnostics Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--compiler_revision Prints out the compiler release revision and exits --

--diag_error=num -pdse Categorizes the diagnostic identified by num as an error Section 2.7.1

--diag_remark=num -pdsr Categorizes the diagnostic identified by num as a remark Section 2.7.1

--diag_suppress=num -pds Suppresses the diagnostic identified by num Section 2.7.1

--diag_warning=num -pdsw Categorizes the diagnostic identified by num as a warning Section 2.7.1

--display_error_number -pden Displays a diagnostic's identifiers along with its text Section 2.7.1

--emit_warnings_as_errors -pdew Treat warnings as errors Section 2.7.1

--issue_remarks -pdr Issues remarks (nonserious warnings) Section 2.7.1

--no_warnings -pdw Suppresses warning diagnostics (errors are still issued) Section 2.7.1

--quiet -q Suppresses progress messages (quiet) --

--set_error_limit=num -pdel Sets the error limit to num. The compiler abandons compiling after Section 2.7.1

this number of errors. (The default is 100.)

--super_quiet -qq Super quiet mode --

--tool_version -version Displays version number for each tool --

--verbose Display banner and function progress information --

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