"2018 GRE 佛脚备考系列-阅读 Volume 1机经真题总结"

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"2018 GRE佛脚备考系列之阅读Volume 1-机经题目1；2018 GRE 佛脚备考系列-阅读分册 Volume 1；GRE 佛脚备考系列之阅读分册 Volume 1-机经真题 2018；GRE 佛脚备考系列-阅读分册 Volume 1 1；GRE 佛脚备考系列之阅读分册 Volume 1-机经真题 2018；GRE 佛脚备考系列-阅读分册 Volume 1 2；2018 GRE佛脚备考系列总序距上一版的《GRE佛脚备考系列》的推出已有将近半年的时间，从同学们的真实考试反馈来看，《GRE佛脚备考系列》依然具有较强的时效性，每场考试或多或少都会重复一些题目。所以《GRE佛脚备考系列》的重要性毋庸置疑，仍然是今后同学们考前必做的备考资料之一。《GRE佛脚备考系列》虽是一份为大家免费推出的资料，但是依然饱含我们认真的态度：填空机经Volume 1与Volume 2共计105个section都为大家查阅了相应生词的中英文解释，总结了同义词意群与短语，为同学们节省了大量的备考时间，“现背现做”使得做题效率大大提高；阅读分册由万炜老师的阅读团队严格精校，保证在答案与语言上的严谨精准；数学分册收集整理了市面上所有的官方与机经题目。在第四版的基础之上，我们进一步的校对。" 根据以上内容总结，"2018 GRE佛脚备考系列"是一份备考资料，已经推出了多个分册，其中包括填空机经和阅读分册。这个备考系列在广大考生中具有较高的时效性，因为每次考试都会有一些重复的题目出现。尽管这是一份免费的资料，但制作团队依然非常认真，为填空机经的两个卷子查阅了生词的中英文解释并总结了同义词意群和短语，以提升考生的备考效率。阅读分册由万炜老师的阅读团队严格校对，确保答案和语言的准确性。此外，数学部分收集整理了市面上所有的官方与机经题目。在第四版的基础上，他们进一步进行了校对。根据同学们的考试反馈，这个备考系列的质量很高，依然被认为是备考必做的资料之一。

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Passage 8

Prominent among theories of the function of sleep is Meddis’ immobilization hypothesis, which

holds that sleep, rather than serving a restorative function, plays a protective role during times that

animals cannot be usefully engaged in other activities. Meddis reasoned that animals not immediately

threatened by predators would be safer if they passed the time sleeping. Sleep would prevent an

animal from moving or responding to nonthreatening stimuli in ways that might attract the

attention of predators.

However, that hypothesis cannot easily explain why one often observes a rebound in sleep time or

intensity following a period of sleep deprivation. Neither does the hypothesis explain the existence of

various states of sleep, which themselves may be associated with different functions.

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

1. According to the passage, the immobilization hypothesis fails to account for which of the following

facts?

A. That sleep does not appear to be a uniform and unchanging state

B. That under certain conditions animals appear to need more sleep than usual

C. That animals rarely sleep when a predator has been detected nearby

2. In the context of the passage as a whole, the highlighted portion serves primarily to

A. present the thinking that led scientists to qualify a widely accepted view

B. describe the basis on which a hypothesis was advanced

C. illustrate the kind of reasoning that is applied in a branch of science

D. explain how a hypothesis can be tested empirically

E. relate the analysis that refined a tentative explanation

2018%GRE 佛脚备考系列-阅读分册 Volume%1%

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Passage 9

In 1755 British writer Samuel Johnson published an acerbic letter to Lord Chesterfield rebuking

his patron for neglecting and declining further support. Johnson’s rejection of his patron’s belated

assistance has often been identified as a key moment in the history of publishing, marking the end of

the culture of patronage. However, patronage had been in decline for 50 years, yet would survive, in

attenuated form, for another 50. Indeed, Johnson was in 1762 awarded a pension by the Crown—a

subtle form of sponsorship, tantamount to state patronage. The importance of Johnson’s letter is not so

much historical as emotional; it would become a touchstone for all who repudiated patrons and for all

who embraced the laws of the marketplace.

1. The author of the passage mentions Johnson’s 1762 pension award in order to

A. Reveal that Johnson remained consistent in his rebuke of Lord Chesterfield well after 1755

B. Provide evidence for a general trend in the later half of the eighteenth century of private patronage’s

being replaced by state sponsorship

C. Situated the debate over the end of patronage within the wider realm of eighteenth-century

economic history

D. Suggest that Johnson’s letter to Chesterfield was noticed by the crown only years after it was

published

E. Emphasize that patronage still helped support Johnson’s writing after his letter to chesterfield

2. Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the

passage as a whole?

A. It points out the most obvious implications of Johnson’s letter to his patron

B. It suggests a motivation for Johnson’s rejection of Chesterfield’s patronage

C. It provides information that qualifies the assertion that Johnson’s letter sharply defined the end of a

publishing era

D. It provides a possible defense for Chesterfield’s alleged neglect of Johnson

E. It refutes the notion that patrons are found primarily among the nobility

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Passage 10

In 1919 Britain experienced its largest ever reduction in industrial working hours, to 48 per week.

In Dowie’s view the 48-hour week played a central role in Britain’s poor economic performance during

the 1920s. Dowie argued that the reduction, together with rapid wage growth, drove up prices.

However, Greasly and Oxley found that the First World War (1914-1918) constituted a more powerful

negative macroeconomic shock to Britain’s competitiveness. And Scott argues that Dowie’s thesis

ignores considerable evidence that hourly productivity improves when hours are reduced from a high

base level. Crucially, Dowie’s thesis does not acknowledge that hours were reduced to around 48 hours

a week for industrial workers in most industrialized nations at this time so far—undermining any

potential impact of reduced hours on industrial productivity relative to other nations.

1. Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for Scott’s argument?

A. Companies have generally found that part-time employees are less productive than full-time ones.

B. When the total number of hours worked at a company increases owing to the addition of more

employees, the usual result is improved productivity at the company.

C. When the total hours worked by all employees per week in two companies are equivalent, hourly

productivity tends to be equivalent as well.

D. Companies whose employees usually work a high number of hours tend to have greater total costs

than do similar companies whose employees work fewer hours.

E. Companies have found that total output per employee is not necessarily changed by reductions in the

number of hours worked per employee.

2. It can be inferred from the passage that in the view of Greasley and Oxley

A. a reduced workweek was ultimately beneficial to employees

B. the economic effects of the reduction in working hours in 1919 were brief

C. Britain became less economically competitive in the 1920s

D. reduced working hours were the primary cause of the economic changes observed by Dowie

E. the changes in economic performance in Britain in the 1920s were unforeseen

Passage 11

The finding that there were rock-melting temperatures on asteroids for sustained periods is

puzzling: asteroids’ heat source is unknown, and unlike planet-sized bodies, such small bodies quickly

dissipate heat. Rubin suggests that asteroids’ heat could have derived from collisions between asteroids.

Skeptics have argued that a single impact would raise an asteroid’s overall temperature very little and

that asteroids would cool too quickly between impacts to accumulate much heat. However, these

objections assumed that asteroids are dense, solid bodies. A recent discovery that asteroids are highly

porous makes Rubin’s hypothesis more plausible. When solid bodies collide, much debris is ejected,

dissipating energy. Impacts on porous bodies generate less debris, so more energy goes into producing

heat. Heat could be retained as debris fall back into impact craters, creating an insulating blanket.

1. The passage suggests that one factor that has made it difficult to account for the temperatures once

reached by asteroids is

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Passage 12

Unlike herbivores and omnivores, predators have traditionally been thought not to balance

nutrient intake because of the assumption that animal tissue as a food source varies little and is

nutritionally balanced. But chemical analysis of invertebrate prey reveals remarkable variation in

nutrient composition among species; even within species, nutrient composition may vary considerably.

Greenstone suggested that predators may select food items according to their nutrient contents. Jensen

et al (2011) have shown experimentally that even sit-and-wait invertebrate predators with limited

mobility can work to address nutrient deficiencies. The wolf spider, for instance, has been shown to

regulate nutrient intake by extracting more dry mass from a prey item if it contains a higher proportion

of a nutrient that was deficient in the previous prey.

1. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?

A. Do invertebrate predators with full mobility address nutrient needs in the same fashion as sit-and-

wait invertebrate predators with limited mobility?

B. Why would there be a considerable variation in nutrient composition within prey of a given species?

C. Is all of the nutrient content of invertebrate prey contained in the dry mass?

D. What would a wolf spider do if a fly it was eating contained a higher proportion of a certain nutrient

than was present in the spider’s recent prey?

E. How is a wolf spider able to determine that some prey it is eating contains a higher proportion of a

nutrient that was deficient in the previous prey?

2. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage as a whole?

A. A phenomenon is described, and an interpretation is offered.

B. A claim is made, and the corroborating evidence is evaluated.

C. A hypothesis is presented and undermined by recent findings.

D. A contrast is noted and shown to be specious based on recent findings.

E. A series of assumptions is presented and shown to be based on sound reasoning.

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"2018 GRE 佛脚备考系列-阅读 Volume 1机经真题总结"

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