《实践软件测试：过程导向方法》简介与关键信息

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"《Practical Software Testing》是一本由Ilene Burnstein所著的专业软件测试指南，它重点关注过程导向的方法。本书隶属于Springer出版社，发行地点包括纽约、柏林、香港等全球多个城市。作者Ilene Burnstein是伊利诺伊理工学院计算机科学系的成员，她的电子邮箱地址为burnstei@babbage2.cs.iit.edu。该书的核心内容围绕软件测试的实际操作展开，强调实践性和系统性。它将理论与实践紧密结合，为读者提供了一个从设计到实施，再到评估的全面测试流程。书中涵盖了软件测试的基本概念、测试策略、测试工具的选择、测试计划的制定、自动化测试技术、缺陷管理、性能测试、安全性测试等多个关键领域。图书的出版日期为2002年，具有ISBN号0-387-95131-8，适合图书馆目录分类中的计算机软件测试部分（QA76.76.T48）。版权信息显示，未经Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.的书面许可，禁止全文翻译或复制，除非用于学术评论或研究分析。《Practical Software Testing》不仅提供详细的理论框架，还包含丰富的案例研究和实用建议，帮助读者提升软件质量控制的能力。书中可能还包括了对测试工具的详细介绍、最佳实践分享，以及如何处理测试过程中遇到的各种挑战。此外，由于提及了“acid-free paper”，可以推断书籍采用的是无酸纸印刷，以确保长期保存的耐久性。这本书是软件开发人员、测试工程师和技术管理人员的理想参考资源，旨在提供一套全面且实用的软件测试方法，帮助他们优化测试流程，确保软件产品的高质量和可靠性。"

PREFACE

oftware development is evolving into an engineering discipline. Indica-

Stions of this new direction can be found, for example, in the ‘‘Software

Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK)’’ and the code of ethics that

have been developed recently through the efforts of joint IEEE/ACM task

forces [1,2]. Licensing procedures for software engineers are also under

development. Software testing is a subdiscipline in this emerging field.

The software industry is actively seeking and promoting professionals

who are educated and trained in the areas of testing and quality assurance,

and who will promote the development of high-quality software.

Graduate schools have slowly been responding to this industry need,

and a growing number are offering courses focused on software testing

and quality assurance as part of advanced degree programs in software

engineering. To support these programs, as well as the educational needs

of practicing professionals in the industry, a new type of book on software

testing is needed. The book should have an engineering/process orienta-

tion, and promote the growth and value of software testing as a profes-

sion. This text was developed to meet these needs. It has been designed

to serve as (i) a text for students enrolled in a graduate-level testing/quality

assurance class, and (ii) a knowledge source and learning tool for profes-

sionals currently working in the field.

xvi

Preface

The text is unique in its approach to presenting the field of software

testing. It introduces testing concepts that are managerial, technical, and

process-oriented in nature. Process is emphasized because of its essential

role in all engineering disciplines. The widespread application of the Ca-

pability Maturity Model (CMM)威 and other process improvement mod-

els attests to the importance of process in today’s software development

industry. Unfortunately, discussions of this topic are lacking in the ma-

jority of books on software testing.

The author makes use of the Testing Maturity Model (TMM)

, which

was developed to support organizations in assessing and improving their

testing processes, as a guiding framework for presenting testing concepts,

and as a context for introducing the reader to test process issues. The text

uses TMM levels and goals to support a structured presentation of fun-

damental and advanced test-related concepts to the reader. The TMM

structure highlights the important relationships between the testingprocess

and key players such as managers, testers, and client groups. The reader

should note that adaptation of the Testing Maturity Model is not a nec-

essary condition for using this text to learn about software testing. Using

this text, you can learn about good testing practices and test process issues

and apply them in the context of your individual and organizational needs.

Finally, the author believes that educational material developed for

software engineers should be guided by the contents of the Software En-

gineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK). In this context this text en-

deavors to cover many of the topics outlined in the ‘‘Software Testing’’

chapter of the SWEBOK. It also covers material from the chapters on

‘‘Software Quality’’ and ‘‘Software Engineering Process’’

Goals

In view of the growth of the software engineering profession, the educa-

tional requirements of a software testing specialist, and the need for em-

phasis on process issues, the author’s goals for this text are to:

• introduce testing concepts, techniques, and best practices in a system-

atic way that reflects an orderly evolution of testing process growth

on both an individual and organizational level;

xviiPreface

• introduce a view of testing as a process that goes through a set of

evolutionary stages to an optimal state of continuous improvement;

• introduce software quality concepts, standards, measurements, and

practices that support the production of quality software;

• enable a software professional to build an individual testing process

of the highest caliber that is integratable with an organizational test-

ing process;

• enable a software professional to serve as an agent for change

when an organization decides that its overall testing process needs

improvement;

• introduce the concepts of test process evaluation and improvement

and their importance to the software industry;

• support the growth of the profession of software test specialist by

providing the educational background necessary for a professional in

that field.

Organization and Features

Each chapter in this text covers a managerial, technical and/or process-

related topic related to testing. The topics are designed to support the

reader’s growth as a test specialist. Within each chapter, the relationship

of chapter contents to one or more TMM maturity goals is described.

The first nine chapters contains basic material that allows the reader to

master fundamental testing concepts on the technical level, and to learn

about basic managerial concepts that promote a repeatable and defined

testing process. These chapters also highlight the importance of an inde-

pendent test group, and promote monitoring and controlling of the testing

process. Maturity goals at levels 2 and 3 of the TMM are integrated into

the chapter material .

Chapters 10–15 cover more advanced topics related to levels 4 and

5 of the TMM. These chapters support reviews as a testing activity, and

the automation of testing activities with tools. They also promote quali-

tative and quantitative evaluation of the test process and its continuous

evolution. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the software prod-

uct under test is also addressed. Chapter 16 provides a discussion of test

xviii

Preface

process assessment using the TMM Assessment Model, and describes

some applications of the TMM in industry.

The last sections of the text are its appendices. Appendix I, called

‘‘Supplementary References,’’ contains a collection of test-related refer-

ences which the reader will find useful to supplement the material in the

text. In this appendix a complete bibliography, organized alphabetically

by author is presented that includes all references in the book chapters.

It also contains a listing of additional textbooks, papers and Internet sites

that are rich sources of material for the test specialist. They support

continual professional growth in a rapidly evolving field. Appendix II

contains a sample test plan to illustrate the typical contents of such a

document. Appendix III contains the TMM Questionnaire, ranking al-

gorithms, and the full set of TMM Activities, Tasks, and Responsibilities

(ATRs) for those readers interested in test process assessment.

Other features to note in this text include definitions of key terms in

each chapter which are shown in italics. At the end of most of the chapters

the reader will find exercises that will help him/her to learn the concepts

that are discussed. Some exercises provide hands-on experience in apply-

ing the concepts. A set of references is included at the end of each chapter

for the reader who would like a more in-depth discussion of the topics.

This text is one of the tools you can use to develop as a professional

software tester. To use the text effectively you should have a background

in basic software engineering concepts, and some experience in software

development. The best approach to learning the material is to read the

chapters carefully and work out the exercises in the back of each chapter.

Feedback from an instructor with respect to homework exercises and

examinations is also very valuable. Discussions with instructors, class-

mates, and/or colleagues will also help you to integrate and clarify con-

cepts. It is the author’s objective to assist you in accumulating the knowl-

edge and expertise you need to develop as a professional software tester.

Intended Audience

Readers who would benefit from this text are senior undergraduates and

graduate students in computer science and software engineering pro-

grams, and software professionals who are interested in improving their

testing skills and learning more about testing as a process. For students,

xixPreface

the text is a tool that can be used to develop the testing skills necessary

to become a professional software tester. For those in the software in-

dustry it can help to enhance testing skills, and provide guidelines for

evaluating and improving organizational testing processes. To use the text

effectively, readers should have a background in basic software engineer-

ing concepts and some experience in developing software.

Notes to Educators

This text can be used for several types of graduate courses including those

in software testing, software quality assurance, software verification and

validation, and systems engineering. It can also be used as a text for an

undergraduate two-semester software engineering course.

For educators using this book as a text for a one-semester course in

software testing, covering the first ten chapters and Chapter 14, will give

your students a solid foundation in testing fundamentals so that they can

develop into professional software testers. Chapters covering more ad-

vanced topics, including the TMM, can be discussed if time permits. Stu-

dents should be assigned homework problems from the chapters and re-

ceive feedback on their results. A suggested team project for the course is

the development of a system test plan with attachments for a simple soft-

ware system. Students will need a requirements and/or design description

depending on the nature of the requested test plan.

For software professionals using this text, there is much material that

can help to enhance your knowledge of the testing field. The material

relating to the TMM can be applied to evaluate and make changes in your

testing process in a manner consistent with organizational goals.

Permissions

IEEE term definitions, test plan components, and steps in a software qual-

ity metrics methodology reprinted with permission from:

IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology (IEEE

IEEE Standard for Software Test Documentation (ANSI/IEEE Std

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