Programming in Lua第三版：英文高清版

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"Programming in Lua第三版，英文高清版，作者Roberto Ierusalimschy，由Lua.org在里约热内卢出版。本书是关于Lua编程语言的详细指南，适用于初学者和有经验的程序员。" 《Programming in Lua》是Roberto Ierusalimschy撰写的一本关于Lua编程语言的经典著作，现在已经出到了第三版。这本书详细介绍了Lua语言的各种特性和用法，旨在帮助读者深入理解和掌握这门轻量级、高性能的脚本语言。在第三版中，作者可能会更新了与前两版不同的新特性，涵盖了从基础语法到高级概念的所有内容。例如，读者将学习如何使用Lua的数据类型，如表（tables）、字符串、数字、布尔值以及nil。表作为Lua的核心特性，不仅用于数据存储，还能作为类、接口和模块来使用，使得Lua具有极高的灵活性。书中还详细讲解了Lua的控制结构，如条件语句（if-then-else）、循环（while、for）以及错误处理机制。此外，函数在Lua中扮演着重要角色，书中的章节会涵盖函数定义、局部变量、闭包以及递归等主题。Lua的元表和元方法也是其独特之处，使得对象可以动态行为化，支持元编程。 Lua的模块系统使得代码组织和重用变得简单，书中会解释如何导入和导出函数，以及如何构建自定义的模块。另外，对于那些希望将Lua嵌入到其他应用程序中的开发者，书中还会介绍如何与C语言进行交互，包括编写和调用C库以及使用Lua C API。此外，书中还可能涉及线程、协程（coroutines）的概念，这些是Lua实现并发处理的关键。Lua的垃圾回收机制也会有所提及，帮助读者理解内存管理。最后，书中包含索引，方便读者查找特定主题。《Programming in Lua》第三版是一本全面且深入的教程，适合所有想要学习和提升Lua编程技能的读者。通过阅读这本书，读者不仅能了解Lua的基本语法，还能了解到Lua如何被广泛应用于游戏开发、网络编程、自动化任务和各种脚本编写中。

Nmap users tend to think of Lua as the language of the Nmap Scripting Engine;

players of World of Warcraft may regard Lua as a language exclusive to that

game.

Lua is useful also as a stand-alone language, not only for text-processing and

one-shot little programs, but increasingly for medium-to-large projects, too. For

such uses, the main functionality of Lua comes from libraries. The standard

libraries, for instance, offer basic pattern matching and other functions for

string handling. As Lua improves its support for libraries, there has been a

proliferation of external packages. Lua Rocks, a deployment and management

system for Lua modules, currently features more than 150 packages.

Finally, there are those programmers that work on the other side of the

bench, writing applications that use Lua as a C library. Those people will

program more in C than in Lua, although they need a good understanding of

Lua to create interfaces that are simple, easy to use, and well integrated with

the language.

This book has much to offer to all these people. The ﬁrst part covers the

language itself, showing how we can explore all its potential. We focus on

different language constructs and use numerous examples and exercises to show

how to use them for practical tasks. Some chapters in this part cover basic

concepts, such as control structures, while others cover topics more advanced,

such as iterators and coroutines.

The second part is entirely devoted to tables, the sole data structure in Lua.

Its chapters discuss data structures, persistence, packages, and object-oriented

programming. There we will unveil the real power of the language.

The third part presents the standard libraries. This part is particularly

useful for those that use Lua as a stand-alone language, although many other

applications also incorporate all or part of the standard libraries. This part

devotes one chapter to each standard library: the mathematical library, the

bitwise library, the table library, the string library, the I/O library, the operating

system library, and the debug library.

Finally, the last part of the book covers the API between Lua and C, for those

that use C to get the full power of Lua. The ﬂavor of this part is necessarily

quite different from the rest of the book. There, we will be programming in C,

not in Lua; therefore, we will be wearing a different hat. For some readers, the

discussion of the C API may be of marginal interest; for others, it may be the

most relevant part of this book.

About the Third Edition

This book is an updated and expanded version of the second edition of

Program-

ming in Lua

(also known as the

PiL 2 book

). Although the book structure is

virtually the same, this new edition has substantial new material.

First, I have updated the whole book to Lua 5.2. Of particular relevance is the

chapter about environments, which was mostly rewritten. I also rewrote several

examples to show how to beneﬁt from the new features offered by Lua 5.2.

xvi

Preface

Nevertheless, I clearly marked the differences from Lua 5.1, so you can use the

book for that version too.

Second, and more important, I have added exercises to all chapters of the

book. These exercises range from simple questions about the language to full

small-size projects. Several exercises illustrate important aspects of program-

ming in Lua and are as important as the examples to expand your toolbox of

useful techniques.

As we did with the ﬁrst and second editions of

Programming in Lua

, we self-

published this third edition. Despite the limited marketing, this avenue brings

several beneﬁts: we have total control over the book contents; we keep the full

rights to offer the book in other forms; we have freedom to choose when to release

another edition; and we can ensure that the book does not go out of print.

Other Resources

The reference manual is a must for anyone who wants to really learn a language.

This book does not replace the Lua reference manual. Quite the opposite, they

complement each other. The manual only describes Lua. It shows neither

examples nor a rationale for the constructs of the language. On the other hand,

it describes the whole language; this book skips over seldom-used dark corners of

Lua. Moreover, the manual is the authoritative document about Lua. Wherever

this book disagrees with the manual, trust the manual. To get the manual and

more information about Lua, visit the Lua site at

http://www.lua.org

You can also ﬁnd useful information at the Lua users’ site, kept by the

community of users at

http://lua-users.org

. Among other resources, it offers

a tutorial, a list of third-party packages and documentation, and an archive of

the ofﬁcial Lua mailing list.

This book describes Lua 5.2, although most of its contents also apply to

Lua 5.1 and Lua 5.0. The few differences between Lua 5.2 and older Lua 5

versions are clearly marked in the text. If you are using a more recent version

(released after the book), check the corresponding manual for occasional differ-

ences between versions. If you are using a version older than 5.2, this is a good

time to consider an upgrade.

A Few Typographical Conventions

The book encloses “

literal strings

” between double quotes and single charac-

ters, such as ‘

’, between single quotes. Strings that are used as patterns are

also enclosed between single quotes, like ‘

[%w_]*

’. The book uses a typewriter

font both for

chunksofcode

and for

identifiers

. For

reserved words

, it uses

a boldface font. Larger chunks of code are shown in display style:

-- program"Hello World"

print("HelloWorld") -->Hello World

The notation

-->

shows the output of a statement or, occasionally, the result of

an expression:

xvii

print(10) -->10

13+3 -->16

Because a double hyphen (

) starts a comment in Lua, there is no problem

if you include these annotations in your programs. Finally, the book uses the

notation

<-->

to indicate that something is equivalent to something else:

this <--> that

Running the Examples

You will need a Lua interpreter to run the examples in this book. Ideally, you

should use Lua 5.2, but most of the examples run also on Lua 5.1 without

modiﬁcations.

The Lua site (

http://www.lua.org

) keeps the source code for the interpreter.

If you have a C compiler and a working knowledge of how to compile C code

in your machine, you should try to install Lua from its source code; it is really

easy. The

Lua Binaries

site (search for

luabinaries

) offers precompiled Lua

interpreters for most major platforms. If you use Linux or another UNIX-like

system, you may check the repository of your distribution; several distributions

already offer a package with Lua. For Windows, a good option is

Lua for Win-

dows

(search for

luaforwindows

), which is a “batteries-included environment”

for Lua. It includes the interpreter and an integrated text editor, plus many

libraries.

If you are using Lua embedded in an application, such as WoW or Nmap,

you may need to refer to the application manual (or to a “local guru”) to learn

how to run your programs. Nevertheless, Lua is still the same language; most

things that we will see in this book are valid regardless of how you are using

Lua. Nevertheless, I recommend that you start your study of Lua using the

stand-alone interpreter to run your ﬁrst examples and experiments.

Acknowledgments

It is almost ten years since I published the ﬁrst edition of this book. Several

friends and institutions have helped me along this journey.

As always, Luiz Henrique de Figueiredo and Waldemar Celes, Lua coauthors,

offered all kinds of help. André Carregal, Asko Kauppi, Brett Kapilik, Diego

Nehab, Edwin Moragas, Fernando Jefferson, Gavin Wraith, John D. Ramsdell,

and Norman Ramsey provided invaluable suggestions and useful insights for

diverse editions of this book.

Luiza Novaes, head of the Arts & Design Department at PUC-Rio, managed

to ﬁnd some time in her busy schedule to create an ideal cover for this edition.

Lightning Source, Inc. proved a reliable and efﬁcient option for printing and

distributing the book. Without them, the option of self-publishing the book

would not be an option.

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