解决轴向运动目标鬼影成像的模糊问题

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"Ghost imaging for an axially moving target with an unknown constant speed" 这篇研究探讨了在目标与光源之间存在轴向相对运动时，鬼成像（Ghost Imaging, GI）技术所受的影响。鬼成像是一种非传统成像技术，它利用散斑光场的统计特性来重建图像，而不需要直接对目标进行成像。当目标沿轴向移动时，分析和实验结果表明，鬼成像的横向分辨率会随着目标中心位置偏离光轴或轴向运动范围的增加而降低。这会导致图像模糊，即所谓的“运动模糊”。为了解决这个问题，研究者提出了一种基于散斑尺寸调整和速度恢复的去模糊方法。这种方法旨在修复由目标轴向运动引起的图像质量下降。通过实验验证，这种方法对于具有未知恒定速度的轴向移动目标是有效的。实验结果证明，该去模糊技术可以显著改善鬼成像在动态环境下的成像质量，这对于未来鬼成像在远程感应等领域的应用具有重要意义。文章的光学分类识别代码（OCIS codes）可能包括与量子计算、量子光学和成像技术相关的领域，这暗示了这项工作可能涉及量子物理学和高级成像技术的交叉应用。这种鬼成像技术的改进对于提升遥感、安全监控、高速成像等领域的性能有重大潜力。这篇研究揭示了轴向运动如何影响鬼成像的性能，并提出了一个创新的解决方案，以克服由此产生的运动模糊问题。通过这种方法，即使目标的速度未知，也能实现清晰的成像，这对于实时监测和追踪动态目标具有重大价值。此外，这一研究也为未来在更复杂、动态的环境中应用鬼成像技术奠定了基础。

Ghost imaging for an axially moving target

with an unknown constant speed

Xiaohui Li, Chenjin Deng, Mingliang Chen, Wenlin Gong,* and Shensheng Han

Key Laboratory for Quantum Optics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China

*Corresponding author: gongwl@siom.ac.cn

Received March 25, 2015; revised April 29, 2015; accepted April 29, 2015;

posted May 5, 2015 (Doc. ID 236857); published June 12, 2015

The influence of the axial relative motion between the target and the source on ghost imaging (GI) is investigated.

Both the analytical and experimental results show that the transverse resolution of GI is reduced as the deviation of

the target’s center position from the optical axis or the axial motion range increases. To overcome the motion blur,

we propose a deblurring method based on speckle-resizing and speed retrieval, and we experimentally validate its

effectiveness for an axially moving target with an unknown constant speed. The results demonstrated here will be

OCIS codes: (110.2990) Image formation theory; (270.0270) Quantum optics; (110.1758) Computational

imaging; (100.2960) Image analysis.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.3.000153

1. INTRODUCTION

Ghost imaging (GI), as a nonlocal imaging method, has theo-

retically and experimentally demonstrated that an unknown

target can be reconstructed without scanning the target, when

a single-pixel bucket detector is used to receive the target’s

transmitted (or reflected) signals [

1–10]. This technique

quickly aroused enormous interest in remote sensing, and fac-

tors affecting the imaging quality of GI, such as scattering and

turbulence, have been widely investigated [

11–20]. Recently,

super-resolution GI, three-dimensional GI lidar, and full-color

GI can also be achieved [

20–23]. However, all previous works

on GI have been concerned with static targets [

11–22]. In prac-

tical applications of remote sensing, imaging an unstable or

moving target is much more meaningful because there is usu-

ally relative motion between the imaging system and the target.

There are two cases of relative motion between the imaging

system and the target. One is in the tangential direction, and

the other is in the axial direction. For the former, some theo-

retical and experimental results have shown that the tangen-

tial relative motion between the GI system and the target will

cause the degradation of transverse resolution [

24,25]. Based

on the character of GI, some methods are invented to over-

come the motion blur [

26,27]. For the latter and its correspon-

dence to forward-looking imaging in practice, there is no

relevant discussion at present. According to the analytical re-

sults described in [

7], the magnification of recovered images

will vary with the axial distance between the source plane and

the target plane when the reference path of the GI system is

fixed. Therefore, the axial relative motion between the GI sys-

tem and the target will also lead to the degradation of trans-

verse resolution. In this work, the influence of axial motion on

GI is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. To

overcome the motion blur, a deblurring method for an axial

moving target with an unknown constant speed is invented

and its effectiveness is experimentally validated.

2. ANALYTICAL RESULTS

Figure 1 shows the experimental schematic of lensless

pseudo-thermal light GI for an axially moving target. The

pseudo-thermal light is obtained by passing a laser beam

through a slowly rotating ground glass disk (the wavelength

λ  532 nm, and the light spot’s transverse size D  2 mm on

the rotating ground glass disk plane). By using a beam splitter,

the light is divided into a test and a reference path. In the refer-

ence path, the light propagates directly to a charge-coupled

device (CCD) camera D

. In the test path, the intensity trans-

mitted through the target is collected by a lens f onto a single-

pixel bucket detector D

. The target is placed on a motion

platform, and the platform is driven by a stepping motor; thus

it can move along the optical axis. In addition, the stepping ac-

curacy of the platform is 1 μm, and the stepping motor is con-

nected to a computer, which can control the target’smotion.

For GI [

1,2], the second-order correlation function of inten-

sity fluctuations between two detectors is

ΔG

2;2

x





1;1

x

h



x

h

x





;

(1)

where G

1;1

x

 is the first-order correlation function of the

light field on the rotating ground glass plane. x

and x

are the

coordinates on the source plane. h

x

 is the impulse re-

sponse function of the test path, and h



x

 denotes the

phase conjugate of the impulse response function in the refer-

ence path. In addition, x

is the coordinate on the CCD camera

plane, and x

is the coordinate on the detector D

plane.

For the schematic shown in Fig.

1, under the paraxial

approximation, the impulse response function of the refer-

ence path is

x

 ∝ exp



jπ

λz

x

− x



; (2)

Li et al. Vol. 3, No. 4 / August 2015 / Photon. Res. 153

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