ASP.NET Core MVC 2开发指南

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"Pro ASP.NET Core MVC 2 是一本关于使用微软最新框架ASP.NET Core MVC 2进行云准备型Web应用程序开发的手册。作者是Adam Freeman，本书主要针对ASP.NET Core 2.0技术进行深入讲解，适用于Web开发人员学习和参考。" 在ASP.NET Core MVC 2中，开发者可以构建高性能、跨平台的应用程序，它结合了ASP.NET MVC和Web API框架的优点，提供了一种强大的方式来构建Web应用。以下是一些关键知识点： 1. **跨平台支持**：ASP.NET Core 2.0可以在Windows、Linux和macOS上运行，这得益于其基于.NET Core的架构，使得开发者能够在多种操作系统上部署和管理应用。 2. **依赖注入（Dependency Injection, DI）**：ASP.NET Core内置了全面的DI容器，允许开发者轻松地注入服务到控制器和其他组件，实现代码解耦和更好的测试性。 3. **Kestrel服务器**：ASP.NET Core 2.0默认使用Kestrel作为Web服务器，这是一个高性能、轻量级的服务器，支持HTTP/2协议，并且可以与其他反向代理服务器如IIS或Nginx配合使用。 4. **中间件（Middleware）**：ASP.NET Core引入了中间件概念，这是一种处理请求和响应的管道模式，开发者可以通过串联多个中间件组件来构建应用程序的处理流程。 5. **模型绑定（Model Binding）**：模型绑定自动将HTTP请求数据与控制器方法的参数关联，简化了数据接收过程。 6. **视图（Views）**：ASP.NET Core MVC 2支持Razor视图引擎，用于生成HTML响应。视图可以与强类型模型一起工作，提供更安全的模板渲染。 7. **控制器（Controllers）**：控制器是处理HTTP请求并返回HTTP响应的核心组件。ASP.NET Core MVC 2中的控制器可以利用依赖注入来获取所需的服务。 8. **路由（Routing）**：路由系统负责根据URL模式将请求映射到相应的控制器和操作。ASP.NET Core 2.0提供了灵活的路由配置选项。 9. **身份验证和授权**：ASP.NET Core 2.0包含内置的身份验证框架，支持Cookie认证、JWT（JSON Web Tokens）等多种方式，以及基于角色和策略的授权机制。 10. **测试**：ASP.NET Core MVC 2支持单元测试和集成测试，通过模拟上下文和依赖，可以方便地对控制器和其他组件进行测试。 11. **Entity Framework Core**：ASP.NET Core 2.0可以与Entity Framework Core结合使用，实现对数据库的ORM（对象关系映射）操作，简化数据访问层的开发。 12. **Blazor**：虽然不在ASP.NET Core MVC 2的范围内，但ASP.NET Core 3.0引入了Blazor框架，允许使用C#和Razor语法创建客户端Web UI，这进一步扩展了ASP.NET Core的开发能力。这本书会详细解释这些概念，并提供实践示例帮助读者理解和掌握ASP.NET Core MVC 2的开发技巧。通过阅读，读者将能够构建高效、可维护的Web应用程序，适应不断变化的云环境需求。

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■ Contents

xvi

■Chapter 15: URL Routing�� 429

Preparing the Example Project ..................................................................................... 430

Creating the Model Class ....................................................................................................................431

Creating the Example Controllers ....................................................................................................... 431

Creating the View ............................................................................................................................... 432

Introducing URL Patterns ............................................................................................. 434

Creating and Registering a Simple Route .................................................................... 435

Deﬁning Default Values ................................................................................................ 437

Deﬁning Inline Default Values ............................................................................................................. 438

Using Static URL Segments .......................................................................................... 440

Deﬁning Custom Segment Variables ............................................................................ 445

Using Custom Variables as Action Method Parameters ...................................................................... 448

Deﬁning Optional URL Segments ........................................................................................................ 449

Deﬁning Variable-Length Routes ........................................................................................................ 451

Constraining Routes ..................................................................................................... 453

Constraining a Route Using a Regular Expression ..............................................................................457

Using Type and Value Constraints ....................................................................................................... 458

Combining Constraints .......................................................................................................................459

Deﬁning a Custom Constraint .............................................................................................................461

Using Attribute Routing ................................................................................................ 463

Preparing for Attribute Routing ........................................................................................................... 463

Applying Attribute Routing .................................................................................................................. 464

Applying Route Constraints ................................................................................................................467

Summary ...................................................................................................................... 468

■Chapter 16: Advanced Routing Features �� 469

Preparing the Example Project ..................................................................................... 470

Generating Outgoing URLs in Views ............................................................................. 471

Generating Outgoing Links .................................................................................................................471

Generating URLs (and Not Links) ........................................................................................................ 483

■ Contents

xvii

Customizing the Routing System ................................................................................. 484

Changing the Routing System Conﬁguration ......................................................................................484

Creating a Custom Route Class ..........................................................................................................486

Working with Areas ...................................................................................................... 497

Creating an Area ................................................................................................................................. 497

Creating an Area Route ....................................................................................................................... 498

Populating an Area ............................................................................................................................. 499

Generating Links to Actions in Areas .................................................................................................. 502

URL Schema Best Practices ......................................................................................... 503

Making Your URLs Clean and Human-Friendly ................................................................................... 503

GET and POST: Picking the Right One ................................................................................................. 504

Summary ...................................................................................................................... 505

■Chapter 17: Controllers and Actions �� 507

Preparing the Example Project ..................................................................................... 508

Preparing the Views ............................................................................................................................ 509

Understanding Controllers ............................................................................................ 511

Creating Controllers ..................................................................................................... 512

Creating POCO Controllers ..................................................................................................................512

Using the Controller Base Class ......................................................................................................... 514

Receiving Context Data ................................................................................................ 516

Getting Data from Context Objects .....................................................................................................516

Using Action Method Parameters ....................................................................................................... 520

Producing a Response .................................................................................................. 522

Producing a Response Using the Context Object ................................................................................522

Understanding Action Results ............................................................................................................. 524

Producing an HTML Response ............................................................................................................ 526

Performing Redirections ..................................................................................................................... 535

Returning Different Types of Content .................................................................................................. 543

Responding with the Contents of Files ............................................................................................... 545

■ Contents

xviii

Returning Errors and HTTP Codes ...................................................................................................... 547

Understanding the Other Action Result Classes ................................................................................. 549

Summary ...................................................................................................................... 550

■Chapter 18: Dependency Injection �� 551

Preparing the Example Project ..................................................................................... 552

Creating the Model and Repository .................................................................................................... 553

Creating the Controller and View ........................................................................................................ 554

Creating the Unit Test Project ............................................................................................................. 556

Creating Loosely Coupled Components ........................................................................ 556

Examining Closely Coupled Components............................................................................................ 557

Introducing ASP.NET Dependency Injection .................................................................. 564

Preparing for Dependency Injection ...................................................................................................564

Conﬁguring the Service Provider ........................................................................................................ 565

Unit Testing a Controller with a Dependency ...................................................................................... 567

Using Dependency Chains ..................................................................................................................568

Using Dependency Injection for Concrete Types ................................................................................. 570

Understanding Service Life Cycles ............................................................................... 573

Using the Transient Life Cycle............................................................................................................. 574

Using the Scoped Life Cycle ............................................................................................................... 578

Using the Singleton Life Cycle ............................................................................................................ 580

Using Action Injection ................................................................................................... 581

Using the Property Injection Attributes ......................................................................... 582

Manually Requesting an Implementation Object .......................................................... 582

Summary ...................................................................................................................... 583

■Chapter 19: Filters �� 585

Preparing the Example Project ..................................................................................... 586

Enabling SSL ....................................................................................................................................... 587

Creating the Controller and View ........................................................................................................ 587

Using Filters ................................................................................................................. 589

■ Contents

xix

Understanding Filters ................................................................................................... 592

Getting Context Data ...........................................................................................................................593

Using Authorization Filters ........................................................................................... 594

Creating an Authorization Filter .......................................................................................................... 594

Using Action Filters ...................................................................................................... 597

Creating an Action Filter ..................................................................................................................... 598

Creating an Asynchronous Action Filter .............................................................................................. 600

Using Result Filters ...................................................................................................... 601

Creating a Result Filter ....................................................................................................................... 602

Creating an Asynchronous Result Filter .............................................................................................. 604

Creating a Hybrid Action/Result Filter ................................................................................................. 605

Using Exception Filters ................................................................................................. 607

Creating an Exception Filter ...............................................................................................................608

Using Dependency Injection for Filters ......................................................................... 610

Resolving Filter Dependencies ........................................................................................................... 610

Managing Filter Life Cycles ................................................................................................................ 615

Creating Global Filters .................................................................................................. 618

Understanding and Changing Filter Order .................................................................... 620

Changing Filter Order .........................................................................................................................622

Summary ...................................................................................................................... 623

■Chapter 20: API Controllers �� 625

Preparing the Example Project ..................................................................................... 626

Creating the Model and Repository .................................................................................................... 626

Creating the Controller and Views ...................................................................................................... 628

Understanding the Role of RESTful Controllers ............................................................ 632

Understanding the Speed Problem ..................................................................................................... 632

Understanding the Efﬁciency Problem ...............................................................................................632

Understanding the Openness Problem ............................................................................................... 633

■ Contents

Introducing REST and API Controllers .......................................................................... 633

Creating an API Controller ................................................................................................................... 634

Testing an API Controller .....................................................................................................................639

Using the API Controller in the Browser .............................................................................................. 643

Understanding Content Formatting .............................................................................. 645

Understanding the Default Content Policy .......................................................................................... 646

Understanding Content Negotiation .................................................................................................... 647

Specifying an Action Data Format ...................................................................................................... 650

Getting the Data Format from the Route or Query String ................................................................... 651

Enabling Full Content Negotiation ...................................................................................................... 653

Receiving Different Data Formats ....................................................................................................... 654

Summary ...................................................................................................................... 655

■Chapter 21: Views �� 657

Preparing the Example Project ..................................................................................... 658

Creating a Custom View Engine ................................................................................... 659

Creating a Custom IView ....................................................................................................................661

Creating an IViewEngine Implementation ...........................................................................................662

Registering a Custom View Engine ..................................................................................................... 663

Testing the View Engine ......................................................................................................................664

Working with the Razor Engine .................................................................................... 666

Preparing the Example Project ...........................................................................................................667

Demystifying Razor Views .................................................................................................................. 669

Adding Dynamic Content to a Razor View .................................................................... 673

Using Layout Sections ........................................................................................................................ 673

Using Partial Views ............................................................................................................................. 679

Adding JSON Content to Views ........................................................................................................... 682

Conﬁguring Razor ......................................................................................................... 684

Understanding View Location Expanders ........................................................................................... 685

Summary ...................................................................................................................... 690

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