JavaScript：初学者指南 - 入门编程基石（第6版）

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JavaScript，作为一门强大的编程语言，是前端开发中的核心工具，尤其对于初学者来说，它在创建动态、交互式网页方面起着至关重要的作用。《JavaScript: The Definitive Guide》第六版，由David Flanagan撰写，这本书被誉为JavaScript领域的权威指南，自1996年首版以来历经多次迭代，反映了语言的演变和发展。该书全面介绍了JavaScript的基本概念、语法结构、DOM操作、事件处理、异步编程（包括Ajax和Promise）、以及浏览器对象模型（BOM）。初学者可以从书中学习到如何定义变量、控制流程（条件语句和循环）、函数和对象的创建，以及如何利用JavaScript实现网页动态效果，如弹出警告框、表单验证等。随着JavaScript的发展，第六版特别关注了ES6（ECMAScript 6）新特性，包括箭头函数、模板字符串、解构赋值、类和模块系统，这些都是现代Web开发中的基石。书中还讲解了如何编写模块化的代码，以便于团队协作和维护大型项目。此外，书中还会涉及JavaScript在服务器端运行（Node.js）的应用，以及与Web Workers和WebSockets进行并发通信的技术。对于高级主题，如闭包、原型链、原型继承，以及如何利用JavaScript进行性能优化，都有深入的剖析。值得注意的是，该书不仅提供理论知识，还配以实用的示例和练习，帮助读者通过实践巩固所学。同时，随着电子版的普及，读者可以通过在线资源获取更新内容，保持对最新技术的了解。《JavaScript: The Definitive Guide》第六版是一本非常适合初学者入门的书籍，无论你是希望构建交互式网站，还是探索Web开发的深层次技术，都将是你不可或缺的学习资料。它以清晰的结构和丰富的实战内容，帮助你建立起坚实的JavaScript基础，并引导你进入这个充满无限可能的编程领域。

A Note About Piracy

If you are reading a digital version of this book that you (or your employer) did not pay

for (or borrow from someone who did) then you probably have an illegally pirated copy.

Writing the sixth edition of this book was a full-time job, and it took more than a year.

The only way I get paid for that time is when readers actually buy the book. And the

only way I can afford to work on a seventh edition is if I get paid for the sixth.

I do not condone piracy, but if you have a pirated copy, go ahead and read a couple of

chapters. I think that you’ll find that this is a valuable source of information about

JavaScript, better organized and of higher quality than what you can find freely (and

legally) available on the Web. If you agree that this is a valuable source of information,

then please pay for that value by purchasing a legal copy (either digital or print) of the

book. On the other hand, if you find that this book is no more valuable than the free

information on the web, then please discard your pirated copy and use those free

information sources.

Conventions Used in This Book

I use the following typographical conventions in this book:

Italic

Is used for emphasis and to indicate the first use of a term. Italic is also used for

email addresses, URLs and file names.

Constant width

Is used in all JavaScript code and CSS and HTML listings, and generally for any-

thing that you would type literally when programming.

Constant width italic

Is used for the names of function parameters, and generally as a placeholder to

indicate an item that should be replaced with an actual value in your program.

Example Code

The examples in this book are available online. You can find them linked from the

book’s catalog page at the publisher’s website:

http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596805531/

This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, you may use the code in

this book in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact O’Reilly

for permission unless you’re reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example,

writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does not require

permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from O’Reilly books does

require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting example

xiv | Preface

code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example code

from this book into your product’s documentation does require permission.

If you use the code from this book, I appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An

attribution usually includes the title, author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: “Java-

nagan, 978-0-596-80552-4.”

For more details on the O’Reilly code reuse policy, see http://oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly/

ask_tim/2001/codepolicy.html. If you feel your use of the examples falls outside of the

permission given above, feel free to contact O’Reilly at permissions@oreilly.com.

Errata and How to Contact Us

The publisher maintains a public list of errors found in this book. You can view the

list, and submit the errors you find, by visiting the book’s web page:

http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596805531

To comment or ask technical questions about this book, send email to:

bookquestions@oreilly.com

For more information about our books, conferences, Resource Centers, and the

O’Reilly Network, see our website at:

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Find us on Facebook: http://facebook.com/oreilly

Watch us on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/oreillymedia

Acknowledgments

Many people have helped me with the creation of this book. I’d like to thank my editor,

Mike Loukides, for trying to keep me on schedule and for his insightful comments.

Thanks also to my technical reviewers: Zachary Kessin, who reviewed many of the

chapters in Part I, and Raffaele Cecco, who reviewed Chapter 19 and the <canvas>

material in Chapter 21. The production team at O’Reilly has done their usual fine job:

Dan Fauxsmith managed the production process, Teresa Elsey was the production

editor, Rob Romano drew the figures, and Ellen Troutman Zaig created the index.

In this era of effortless electronic communication, it is impossible to keep track of all

those who influence and inform us. I’d like to thank everyone who has answered my

questions on the es5, w3c, and whatwg mailing lists, and everyone who has shared their

insightful ideas about JavaScript programming online. I’m sorry I can’t list you all by

Preface | xv

JavaScript: Names and Versions

JavaScript was created at Netscape in the early days of the Web, and technically, “Java-

Script” is a trademark licensed from Sun Microsystems (now Oracle) used to describe

Netscape’s (now Mozilla’s) implementation of the language. Netscape submitted the

language for standardization to ECMA—the European Computer Manufacturer’s As-

sociation—and because of trademark issues, the standardized version of the language

was stuck with the awkward name “ECMAScript.” For the same trademark reasons,

Microsoft’s version of the language is formally known as “JScript.” In practice, just

about everyone calls the language JavaScript. This book uses the name “ECMAScript”

only to refer to the language standard.

For the last decade, all web browsers have implemented version 3 of the ECMAScript

standard and there has really been no need to think about version numbers: the lan-

guage standard was stable and browser implementations of the language were, for the

most part, interoperable. Recently, an important new version of the language has been

defined as ECMAScript version 5 and, at the time of this writing, browsers are beginning

to implement it. This book covers all the new features of ECMAScript 5 as well as all

the long-standing features of ECMAScript 3. You’ll sometimes see these language ver-

sions abbreviated as ES3 and ES5, just as you’ll sometimes see the name JavaScript

abbreviated as JS.

When we’re speaking of the language itself, the only version numbers that are relevant

are ECMAScript versions 3 or 5. (Version 4 of ECMAScript was under development

for years, but proved to be too ambitious and was never released.) Sometimes, however,

you’ll also see a JavaScript version number, such as JavaScript 1.5 or JavaScript 1.8.

These are Mozilla’s version numbers: version 1.5 is basically ECMAScript 3, and later

versions include nonstandard language extensions (see Chapter 11). Finally, there are

also version numbers attached to particular JavaScript interpreters or “engines.” Goo-

gle calls its JavaScript interpreter V8, for example, and at the time of this writing the

current version of the V8 engine is 3.0.

To be useful, every language must have a platform or standard library or API of func-

tions for performing things like basic input and output. The core JavaScript language

defines a minimal API for working with text, arrays, dates, and regular expressions but

does not include any input or output functionality. Input and output (as well as more

sophisticated features, such as networking, storage, and graphics) are the responsibility

of the “host environment” within which JavaScript is embedded. Usually that host

environment is a web browser (though we’ll see two uses of JavaScript without a web

browser in Chapter 12). Part I of this book covers the language itself and its minimal

built-in API. Part II explains how JavaScript is used in web browsers and covers the

sprawling browser-based APIs loosely known as “client-side JavaScript.”

Part III is the reference section for the core API. You can read about the JavaScript array

manipulation API by looking up “Array” in this part of the book, for example.

Part IV is the reference section for client-side JavaScript. You might look up “Canvas”

2 | Chapter 1: Introduction to JavaScript

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