ReportLab PDF Library User Guide: Python PDF Creation

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"ReportLab 是一个开源的 Python 库，专门用于生成复杂的、数据驱动的 PDF 文档和自定义矢量图形。它被广泛使用，每月下载量超过 50,000 次，是标准 Linux 发行版的一部分，并在多个产品中集成，包括为 Wikipedia 提供打印和导出功能。ReportLab Toolkit 针对大型机构的实际报告需求进行了持续改进，目前版本为 3.6.12。本用户指南涵盖了 ReportLab 的基本概念、图形和文本操作，以及安装和设置等信息。" ReportLab 是一个用 Python 编写的强大库，它的主要功能是生成 PDF 文件，提供了丰富的 API 以实现各种复杂的文档设计和图形绘制。这个库被广泛采用，证明了其在处理 PDF 创建任务上的高效性和灵活性。关于 ReportLab 的文档，用户指南介绍了以下几个方面： 1. **介绍**：文档首先简要介绍了 ReportLab 的用途，包括它的开源性质、Python 语言支持以及在不同场景下的应用。此外，还提到了 ReportLab 的商业软件选项，以满足更高级别的需求。 2. **安装与设置**：对于新用户，指南提供了安装和设置 ReportLab 的步骤，帮助用户快速入门。 3. **参与贡献**：鼓励用户参与到 ReportLab 社区，共同推动项目的进步和发展。 4. **网站配置**：介绍了如何根据项目需求进行 ReportLab 的配置。 5. **学习 Python**：为不熟悉 Python 的用户提供了一些学习资源，因为理解 Python 是使用 ReportLab 的基础。 6. **3.x 版本系列的目标**：解释了 3.x 版本系列的主要改进和目标，以保持与最新技术同步。在技术细节部分，指南详细阐述了： 7. **图形与文本**：使用 `pdfgen` 模块，用户可以创建基本概念如坐标系统、颜色空间和路径。同时，提供了各种绘图操作，如线条、曲线、字体和文本对象方法，以实现复杂的图形和文本布局。 8. **Canvas**：Canvas 是 ReportLab 的核心，它提供了一个虚拟画布，用户可以通过它执行各种绘制操作。 9. **颜色**：详细讨论了颜色的表示方式，包括颜色空间检查和叠印，使用户能精确控制文档的视觉效果。 10. **字体和文本**：涵盖了标准字体的使用，以及文本对象的方法，如设置字体、大小和对齐方式，以实现丰富的文本格式化。 11. **图形元素**：包括路径、直线、矩形、圆形、椭圆、贝塞尔曲线等，提供了丰富的图形绘制工具。 12. **Path 对象方法**：允许用户更精细地操作图形路径，以实现更复杂的形状和动画效果。这个用户指南旨在帮助开发者充分利用 ReportLab 的功能，无论是创建报告、发票、图表还是其他 PDF 内容，都能提供详尽的指导和支持。通过深入学习，开发者可以创建出专业、动态且定制化的 PDF 输出。

Changing Colors

canvas.setFillColorCMYK(c, m, y, k)

canvas.setStrikeColorCMYK(c, m, y, k)

canvas.setFillColorRGB(r, g, b)

canvas.setStrokeColorRGB(r, g, b)

canvas.setFillColor(acolor)

canvas.setStrokeColor(acolor)

canvas.setFillGray(gray)

canvas.setStrokeGray(gray)

PDF supports three different color models: gray level, additive (red/green/blue or RGB), and subtractive with

darkness parameter (cyan/magenta/yellow/darkness or CMYK). The ReportLab packages also provide named

colors such as lawngreen. There are two basic color parameters in the graphics state: the Fill color for

the interior of graphic figures and the Stroke color for the boundary of graphic figures. The above methods

support setting the fill or stroke color using any of the four color specifications.

Changing Fonts

canvas.setFont(psfontname, size, leading = None)

The setFont method changes the current text font to a given type and size. The leading parameter spe-

cifies the distance down to move when advancing from one text line to the next.

Changing Graphical Line Styles

canvas.setLineWidth(width)

canvas.setLineCap(mode)

canvas.setLineJoin(mode)

canvas.setMiterLimit(limit)

canvas.setDash(self, array=[], phase=0)

Lines drawn in PDF can be presented in a number of graphical styles. Lines can have different widths, they

can end in differing cap styles, they can meet in different join styles, and they can be continuous or they can

be dotted or dashed. The above methods adjust these various parameters.

Changing Geometry

canvas.setPageSize(pair)

canvas.transform(a,b,c,d,e,f):

canvas.translate(dx, dy)

canvas.scale(x, y)

canvas.rotate(theta)

User Guide Chapter 2 Graphics and Text with pdfgen

Page 16

canvas.skew(alpha, beta)

All PDF drawings fit into a specified page size. Elements drawn outside of the specified page size are not vis-

ible. Furthermore all drawn elements are passed through an affine transformation which may adjust their loca-

tion and/or distort their appearence. The setPageSize method adjusts the current page size. The

transform, translate, scale, rotate, and skew methods add additional transformations to the cur-

rent transformation. It is important to remember that these transformations are incremental -- a new transform

modifies the current transform (but does not replace it).

State control

canvas.saveState()

canvas.restoreState()

Very often it is important to save the current font, graphics transform, line styles and other graphics state in

order to restore them later. The saveState method marks the current graphics state for later restoration by

a matching restoreState. Note that the save and restore method invokation must match -- a restore call

restores the state to the most recently saved state which hasn't been restored yet. You cannot save the state on

one page and restore it on the next, however -- no state is preserved between pages.

2.6 Other canvas methods.

Not all methods of the canvas object fit into the "tool" or "toolbox" categories. Below are some of the mis-

fits, included here for completeness.

canvas.setAuthor()

canvas.addOutlineEntry(title, key, level=0, closed=None)

canvas.setTitle(title)

canvas.setSubject(subj)

canvas.pageHasData()

canvas.showOutline()

canvas.bookmarkPage(name)

canvas.bookmarkHorizontalAbsolute(name, yhorizontal)

canvas.doForm()

canvas.beginForm(name, lowerx=0, lowery=0, upperx=None, uppery=None)

canvas.endForm()

canvas.linkAbsolute(contents, destinationname, Rect=None, addtopage=1, name=None, **kw)

canvas.linkRect(contents, destinationname, Rect=None, addtopage=1, relative=1, name=None, **kw)

canvas.getPageNumber()

canvas.addLiteral()

canvas.getAvailableFonts()

canvas.stringWidth(self, text, fontName, fontSize, encoding=None)

canvas.setPageCompression(onoff=1)

canvas.setPageTransition(self, effectname=None, duration=1,

direction=0,dimension='H',motion='I')

2.7 Coordinates (default user space)

By default locations on a page are identified by a pair of numbers. For example the pair (4.5*inch,

1*inch) identifies the location found on the page by starting at the lower left corner and moving to the right

4.5 inches and up one inch.

For example, the following function draws a number of elements on a canvas.

def coords(canvas):

from reportlab.lib.units import inch

from reportlab.lib.colors import pink, black, red, blue, green

c = canvas

c.setStrokeColor(pink)

c.grid([inch, 2*inch, 3*inch, 4*inch], [0.5*inch, inch, 1.5*inch, 2*inch, 2.5*inch])

c.setStrokeColor(black)

c.setFont("Times-Roman", 20)

c.drawString(0,0, "(0,0) the Origin")

c.drawString(2.5*inch, inch, "(2.5,1) in inches")

c.drawString(4*inch, 2.5*inch, "(4, 2.5)")

c.setFillColor(red)

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