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首页MySQL 5.7官方参考手册:包括NDB Cluster 7.5和7.6
MySQL 5.7官方参考手册:包括NDB Cluster 7.5和7.6
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更新于2024-07-19
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"MySQL5.7帮助文档,包含了MySQL5.7至5.7.23版本的详细信息,以及基于NDB Cluster 7.5到5.7.22-ndb-7.5.11的集群版本特性。"
MySQL 5.7参考手册是MySQL数据库系统的重要参考资料,它涵盖了从基础到高级的各种主题,旨在为开发人员、数据库管理员和其他使用MySQL 5.7的人提供详尽的指导。手册不仅描述了标准版MySQL 5.7的功能,还涉及了一些可能只在特定版本或特殊授权中包含的特性。用户在使用时需确认所持许可证包含的特性,如有疑问应参照许可证协议或联系Oracle销售代表。
MySQL 5.7引入了一系列新特性,包括性能提升、新的SQL语法、更强大的存储引擎支持、安全性增强以及对大数据处理的支持等。例如,InnoDB存储引擎的性能优化,支持更大的索引键长度,以及更灵活的分区策略。此外,还有改进的JSON支持,使得MySQL在处理非结构化数据时更加得心应手。
在错误修复和改进方面,每个发布版本都会附带详细的变化日志,用户可以在MySQL 5.7发行说明中找到这些信息,以便了解每次更新带来的具体变化和修复的问题。
手册还提供了法律条款,对于使用MySQL软件的法律限制和权利,用户应仔细阅读并遵守。如果在使用过程中遇到问题,可以访问MySQL论坛或邮件列表,与其他MySQL用户交流,共同解决问题。
MySQL的官方文档库提供了多种语言的翻译版本和不同格式的下载选项,包括HTML和PDF格式,方便用户根据自己的需求选择最适合的阅读方式。对于许可信息,MySQL 5.7遵循特定的许可协议,用户在使用前应确保了解并同意这些条款。
"MySQL 5.7帮组手册"是学习和操作MySQL 5.7不可或缺的工具,无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者,都可以从中获取到宝贵的资料和指导。通过深入阅读和实践,你可以充分掌握MySQL 5.7的各项功能,提高数据库管理与开发的效率。
MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual
xvi
14.12 InnoDB Disk I/O and File Space Management .............................................................. 2492
14.12.1 InnoDB Disk I/O ............................................................................................... 2492
14.12.2 File Space Management ................................................................................... 2493
14.12.3 InnoDB Checkpoints ......................................................................................... 2494
14.12.4 Defragmenting a Table ..................................................................................... 2495
14.12.5 Reclaiming Disk Space with TRUNCATE TABLE ............................................... 2495
14.13 InnoDB and Online DDL .............................................................................................. 2496
14.13.1 Online DDL Overview ....................................................................................... 2496
14.13.2 Online DDL Performance, Concurrency, and Space Requirements ...................... 2502
14.13.3 Online DDL SQL Syntax ................................................................................... 2506
14.13.4 Simplifying DDL Statements with Online DDL .................................................... 2506
14.13.5 Online DDL Implementation Details ................................................................... 2507
14.13.6 Online DDL and Crash Recovery ...................................................................... 2508
14.13.7 Online DDL for Partitioned Tables ..................................................................... 2508
14.13.8 Online DDL Limitations ..................................................................................... 2510
14.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables ............................................................. 2511
14.15 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables .................................................................... 2605
14.15.1 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables about Compression ........................... 2605
14.15.2 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Transaction and Locking Information ............. 2607
14.15.3 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA System Tables ............................................. 2613
14.15.4 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA FULLTEXT Index Tables .............................. 2619
14.15.5 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Buffer Pool Tables ........................................ 2622
14.15.6 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Metrics Table ............................................... 2627
14.15.7 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Temporary Table Info Table .......................... 2636
14.15.8 Retrieving InnoDB Tablespace Metadata from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES .. 2637
14.16 InnoDB Integration with MySQL Performance Schema .................................................. 2639
14.16.1 Monitoring ALTER TABLE Progress for InnoDB Tables Using Performance
Schema ........................................................................................................................ 2641
14.16.2 Monitoring InnoDB Mutex Waits Using Performance Schema .............................. 2642
14.17 InnoDB Monitors ......................................................................................................... 2646
14.17.1 InnoDB Monitor Types ...................................................................................... 2646
14.17.2 Enabling InnoDB Monitors ................................................................................ 2647
14.17.3 InnoDB Standard Monitor and Lock Monitor Output ............................................ 2648
14.18 InnoDB Backup and Recovery ..................................................................................... 2654
14.18.1 InnoDB Backup ................................................................................................ 2654
14.18.2 InnoDB Recovery ............................................................................................. 2655
14.19 InnoDB and MySQL Replication ................................................................................... 2658
14.20 InnoDB memcached Plugin .......................................................................................... 2660
14.20.1 Benefits of the InnoDB memcached Plugin ........................................................ 2660
14.20.2 InnoDB memcached Architecture ...................................................................... 2661
14.20.3 Setting Up the InnoDB memcached Plugin ........................................................ 2665
14.20.4 Security Considerations for the InnoDB memcached Plugin ................................ 2671
14.20.5 Writing Applications for the InnoDB memcached Plugin ...................................... 2673
14.20.6 The InnoDB memcached Plugin and Replication ................................................ 2686
14.20.7 InnoDB memcached Plugin Internals ................................................................. 2690
14.20.8 Troubleshooting the InnoDB memcached Plugin ................................................ 2708
14.21 InnoDB Troubleshooting .............................................................................................. 2710
14.21.1 Troubleshooting InnoDB I/O Problems ............................................................... 2711
14.21.2 Forcing InnoDB Recovery ................................................................................. 2712
14.21.3 Troubleshooting InnoDB Data Dictionary Operations .......................................... 2713
14.21.4 InnoDB Error Handling ...................................................................................... 2717
15 Alternative Storage Engines ..................................................................................................... 2719
15.1 Setting the Storage Engine ............................................................................................ 2723
15.2 The MyISAM Storage Engine ........................................................................................ 2724
MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual
xvii
15.2.1 MyISAM Startup Options .................................................................................... 2726
15.2.2 Space Needed for Keys ..................................................................................... 2728
15.2.3 MyISAM Table Storage Formats ......................................................................... 2728
15.2.4 MyISAM Table Problems .................................................................................... 2731
15.3 The MEMORY Storage Engine ...................................................................................... 2733
15.4 The CSV Storage Engine .............................................................................................. 2737
15.4.1 Repairing and Checking CSV Tables .................................................................. 2738
15.4.2 CSV Limitations ................................................................................................. 2739
15.5 The ARCHIVE Storage Engine ...................................................................................... 2739
15.6 The BLACKHOLE Storage Engine ................................................................................. 2741
15.7 The MERGE Storage Engine ......................................................................................... 2743
15.7.1 MERGE Table Advantages and Disadvantages .................................................... 2746
15.7.2 MERGE Table Problems ..................................................................................... 2747
15.8 The FEDERATED Storage Engine ................................................................................. 2749
15.8.1 FEDERATED Storage Engine Overview .............................................................. 2749
15.8.2 How to Create FEDERATED Tables ................................................................... 2750
15.8.3 FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips ..................................................... 2753
15.8.4 FEDERATED Storage Engine Resources ............................................................ 2754
15.9 The EXAMPLE Storage Engine ..................................................................................... 2754
15.10 Other Storage Engines ................................................................................................ 2755
15.11 Overview of MySQL Storage Engine Architecture ......................................................... 2755
15.11.1 Pluggable Storage Engine Architecture .............................................................. 2755
15.11.2 The Common Database Server Layer ................................................................ 2756
16 Replication ............................................................................................................................... 2759
16.1 Configuring Replication .................................................................................................. 2760
16.1.1 Binary Log File Position Based Replication Configuration Overview ....................... 2761
16.1.2 Setting Up Binary Log File Position Based Replication ......................................... 2761
16.1.3 Replication with Global Transaction Identifiers ..................................................... 2771
16.1.4 MySQL Multi-Source Replication ......................................................................... 2781
16.1.5 Changing Replication Modes on Online Servers ................................................... 2785
16.1.6 Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables ......................................... 2791
16.1.7 Common Replication Administration Tasks .......................................................... 2870
16.2 Replication Implementation ............................................................................................ 2873
16.2.1 Replication Formats ............................................................................................ 2873
16.2.2 Replication Implementation Details ...................................................................... 2881
16.2.3 Replication Channels .......................................................................................... 2882
16.2.4 Replication Relay and Status Logs ...................................................................... 2886
16.2.5 How Servers Evaluate Replication Filtering Rules ................................................ 2892
16.3 Replication Solutions ..................................................................................................... 2897
16.3.1 Using Replication for Backups ............................................................................ 2897
16.3.2 Handling an Unexpected Halt of a Replication Slave ............................................ 2901
16.3.3 Using Replication with Different Master and Slave Storage Engines ...................... 2903
16.3.4 Using Replication for Scale-Out .......................................................................... 2904
16.3.5 Replicating Different Databases to Different Slaves .............................................. 2906
16.3.6 Improving Replication Performance ..................................................................... 2907
16.3.7 Switching Masters During Failover ...................................................................... 2908
16.3.8 Setting Up Replication to Use Encrypted Connections .......................................... 2910
16.3.9 Semisynchronous Replication ............................................................................. 2912
16.3.10 Delayed Replication .......................................................................................... 2918
16.4 Replication Notes and Tips ............................................................................................ 2918
16.4.1 Replication Features and Issues ......................................................................... 2918
16.4.2 Replication Compatibility Between MySQL Versions ............................................. 2946
16.4.3 Upgrading a Replication Setup ............................................................................ 2947
16.4.4 Troubleshooting Replication ................................................................................ 2949
MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual
xviii
16.4.5 How to Report Replication Bugs or Problems ...................................................... 2950
17 Group Replication .................................................................................................................... 2953
17.1 Group Replication Background ...................................................................................... 2954
17.1.1 Replication Technologies .................................................................................... 2955
17.1.2 Group Replication Use Cases ............................................................................. 2957
17.1.3 Group Replication Details ................................................................................... 2957
17.2 Getting Started .............................................................................................................. 2959
17.2.1 Deploying Group Replication in Single-Primary Mode ........................................... 2959
17.3 Monitoring Group Replication ......................................................................................... 2969
17.3.1 Replication_group_member_stats ........................................................................ 2970
17.3.2 Replication_group_members ............................................................................... 2971
17.3.3 Replication_connection_status ............................................................................ 2971
17.3.4 Replication_applier_status ................................................................................... 2971
17.3.5 Group Replication Server States ......................................................................... 2972
17.4 Group Replication Operations ........................................................................................ 2973
17.4.1 Deploying in Multi-Primary or Single-Primary Mode .............................................. 2973
17.4.2 Tuning Recovery ................................................................................................ 2975
17.4.3 Network Partitioning ........................................................................................... 2976
17.4.4 Using MySQL Enterprise Backup with Group Replication ...................................... 2982
17.5 Group Replication Security ............................................................................................ 2984
17.5.1 IP Address Whitelisting ....................................................................................... 2984
17.5.2 Secure Socket Layer Support (SSL) .................................................................... 2985
17.5.3 Virtual Private Networks (VPN) ........................................................................... 2989
17.6 Group Replication System Variables .............................................................................. 2989
17.7 Requirements and Limitations ........................................................................................ 3003
17.7.1 Group Replication Requirements ......................................................................... 3003
17.7.2 Group Replication Limitations .............................................................................. 3004
17.8 Frequently Asked Questions .......................................................................................... 3005
17.9 Group Replication Technical Details ............................................................................... 3008
17.9.1 Group Replication Plugin Architecture ................................................................. 3008
17.9.2 The Group ......................................................................................................... 3010
17.9.3 Data Manipulation Statements ............................................................................ 3010
17.9.4 Data Definition Statements ................................................................................. 3010
17.9.5 Distributed Recovery .......................................................................................... 3011
17.9.6 Observability ...................................................................................................... 3017
17.9.7 Group Replication Performance .......................................................................... 3018
18 MySQL Shell User Guide ......................................................................................................... 3023
18.1 MySQL Shell Features .................................................................................................. 3023
18.2 Getting Started with MySQL Shell .................................................................................. 3025
18.2.1 MySQL Shell Connections .................................................................................. 3025
18.2.2 MySQL Shell Sessions ....................................................................................... 3030
18.2.3 MySQL Shell Global Variables ............................................................................ 3031
18.3 MySQL Shell Code Execution ........................................................................................ 3034
18.3.1 Interactive Code Execution ................................................................................. 3034
18.3.2 Batch Code Execution ........................................................................................ 3035
18.3.3 Output Formats .................................................................................................. 3036
18.3.4 Active Language ................................................................................................ 3039
18.3.5 Batch Mode Made Interactive ............................................................................. 3039
18.4 Configuring MySQL Shell .............................................................................................. 3040
18.4.1 MySQL Shell Commands .................................................................................... 3040
18.5 MySQL Shell Application Log ........................................................................................ 3042
18.6 Customizing MySQL Shell ............................................................................................. 3044
18.6.1 Working With Start-Up Scripts ............................................................................. 3044
18.6.2 Adding Module Search Paths .............................................................................. 3045
MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual
xix
18.6.3 Overriding the Default Prompt ............................................................................. 3046
19 Using MySQL as a Document Store ......................................................................................... 3049
19.1 Preproduction Status — Legal Notice ............................................................................. 3050
19.2 Key Concepts ............................................................................................................... 3050
19.3 Setting Up MySQL as a Document Store ....................................................................... 3051
19.3.1 Installing MySQL Shell ....................................................................................... 3054
19.3.2 Starting MySQL Shell ......................................................................................... 3058
19.4 Quick-Start Guide: MySQL Shell for JavaScript .............................................................. 3058
19.4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 3059
19.4.2 Import Database Sample .................................................................................... 3060
19.4.3 MySQL Shell ...................................................................................................... 3061
19.4.4 Documents and Collections ................................................................................ 3062
19.4.5 Relational Tables ............................................................................................... 3073
19.4.6 Documents in Tables .......................................................................................... 3079
19.5 Quick-Start Guide: MySQL Shell for Python ................................................................... 3080
19.5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 3080
19.5.2 Import Database Sample .................................................................................... 3081
19.5.3 MySQL Shell ...................................................................................................... 3082
19.5.4 Documents and Collections ................................................................................ 3083
19.5.5 Relational Tables ............................................................................................... 3094
19.5.6 Documents in Tables .......................................................................................... 3100
19.6 Quick-Start Guide: MySQL for Visual Studio ................................................................... 3101
19.7 X Plugin ....................................................................................................................... 3102
19.7.1 Using Secure Connections with X Plugin ............................................................. 3103
19.7.2 X Plugin Options and Variables .......................................................................... 3103
19.7.3 Monitoring X Plugin ............................................................................................ 3115
20 InnoDB Cluster ........................................................................................................................ 3121
20.1 Introducing InnoDB Cluster ............................................................................................ 3121
20.2 Creating an InnoDB Cluster ........................................................................................... 3123
20.2.1 Deployment Scenarios ........................................................................................ 3123
20.2.2 InnoDB Cluster Requirements ............................................................................. 3124
20.2.3 Methods of Installing .......................................................................................... 3124
20.2.4 Sandbox Deployment of InnoDB Cluster .............................................................. 3125
20.2.5 Production Deployment of InnoDB Cluster ........................................................... 3128
20.2.6 Adopting a Group Replication Deployment ........................................................... 3136
20.3 Using MySQL Router with InnoDB Cluster ..................................................................... 3137
20.4 Working with InnoDB Cluster ......................................................................................... 3140
20.5 Known Limitations ......................................................................................................... 3150
21 MySQL NDB Cluster 7.5 and NDB Cluster 7.6 .......................................................................... 3153
21.1 NDB Cluster Overview .................................................................................................. 3157
21.1.1 NDB Cluster Core Concepts ............................................................................... 3159
21.1.2 NDB Cluster Nodes, Node Groups, Replicas, and Partitions ................................. 3161
21.1.3 NDB Cluster Hardware, Software, and Networking Requirements .......................... 3164
21.1.4 What is New in NDB Cluster ............................................................................... 3166
21.1.5 MySQL Server Using InnoDB Compared with NDB Cluster ................................... 3177
21.1.6 Known Limitations of NDB Cluster ...................................................................... 3180
21.2 NDB Cluster Installation ................................................................................................ 3192
21.2.1 The NDB Cluster Auto-Installer ........................................................................... 3194
21.2.2 Installation of NDB Cluster on Linux .................................................................... 3210
21.2.3 Installing NDB Cluster on Windows ..................................................................... 3220
21.2.4 Initial Configuration of NDB Cluster ..................................................................... 3229
21.2.5 Initial Startup of NDB Cluster .............................................................................. 3231
21.2.6 NDB Cluster Example with Tables and Data ........................................................ 3232
21.2.7 Safe Shutdown and Restart of NDB Cluster ......................................................... 3236
MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual
xx
21.2.8 Upgrading and Downgrading NDB Cluster ........................................................... 3237
21.3 Configuration of NDB Cluster ......................................................................................... 3239
21.3.1 Quick Test Setup of NDB Cluster ........................................................................ 3239
21.3.2 Overview of NDB Cluster Configuration Parameters, Options, and Variables .......... 3242
21.3.3 NDB Cluster Configuration Files .......................................................................... 3259
21.3.4 Using High-Speed Interconnects with NDB Cluster ............................................... 3441
21.4 NDB Cluster Programs .................................................................................................. 3441
21.4.1 ndbd — The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon .................................................... 3442
21.4.2 ndbinfo_select_all — Select From ndbinfo Tables ....................................... 3450
21.4.3 ndbmtd — The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon (Multi-Threaded) ....................... 3452
21.4.4 ndb_mgmd — The NDB Cluster Management Server Daemon .............................. 3453
21.4.5 ndb_mgm — The NDB Cluster Management Client ............................................... 3461
21.4.6 ndb_blob_tool — Check and Repair BLOB and TEXT columns of NDB Cluster
Tables .......................................................................................................................... 3463
21.4.7 ndb_config — Extract NDB Cluster Configuration Information ............................ 3466
21.4.8 ndb_cpcd — Automate Testing for NDB Development ........................................ 3475
21.4.9 ndb_delete_all — Delete All Rows from an NDB Table ................................... 3475
21.4.10 ndb_desc — Describe NDB Tables .................................................................. 3476
21.4.11 ndb_drop_index — Drop Index from an NDB Table ........................................ 3482
21.4.12 ndb_drop_table — Drop an NDB Table ......................................................... 3484
21.4.13 ndb_error_reporter — NDB Error-Reporting Utility ...................................... 3484
21.4.14 ndb_import — Import CSV Data Into NDB ...................................................... 3485
21.4.15 ndb_index_stat — NDB Index Statistics Utility .............................................. 3499
21.4.16 ndb_move_data — NDB Data Copy Utility ....................................................... 3505
21.4.17 ndb_perror — Obtain NDB error message information .................................... 3508
21.4.18 ndb_print_backup_file — Print NDB Backup File Contents ......................... 3510
21.4.19 ndb_print_file — Print NDB Disk Data File Contents ................................... 3510
21.4.20 ndb_print_frag_file — Print NDB Fragment List File Contents .................... 3511
21.4.21 ndb_print_schema_file — Print NDB Schema File Contents ........................ 3512
21.4.22 ndb_print_sys_file — Print NDB System File Contents ............................... 3512
21.4.23 ndb_redo_log_reader — Check and Print Content of Cluster Redo Log .......... 3513
21.4.24 ndb_restore — Restore an NDB Cluster Backup ............................................ 3516
21.4.25 ndb_select_all — Print Rows from an NDB Table ........................................ 3538
21.4.26 ndb_select_count — Print Row Counts for NDB Tables ................................ 3541
21.4.27 ndb_setup.py — Start browser-based Auto-Installer for NDB Cluster ................ 3542
21.4.28 ndb_show_tables — Display List of NDB Tables ............................................ 3545
21.4.29 ndb_size.pl — NDBCLUSTER Size Requirement Estimator ........................... 3547
21.4.30 ndb_top — View CPU usage information for NDB threads ................................ 3550
21.4.31 ndb_waiter — Wait for NDB Cluster to Reach a Given Status .......................... 3555
21.4.32 Options Common to NDB Cluster Programs — Options Common to NDB Cluster
Programs ...................................................................................................................... 3558
21.5 Management of NDB Cluster ......................................................................................... 3564
21.5.1 Summary of NDB Cluster Start Phases ............................................................... 3564
21.5.2 Commands in the NDB Cluster Management Client ............................................. 3566
21.5.3 Online Backup of NDB Cluster ............................................................................ 3571
21.5.4 MySQL Server Usage for NDB Cluster ................................................................ 3576
21.5.5 Performing a Rolling Restart of an NDB Cluster ................................................... 3577
21.5.6 Event Reports Generated in NDB Cluster ............................................................ 3579
21.5.7 NDB Cluster Log Messages ................................................................................ 3590
21.5.8 NDB Cluster Single User Mode ........................................................................... 3607
21.5.9 Quick Reference: NDB Cluster SQL Statements .................................................. 3608
21.5.10 ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information Database ................................................ 3611
21.5.11 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables for NDB Cluster ............................................. 3662
21.5.12 NDB Cluster Security Issues ............................................................................. 3663
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