精通Android NFC编程：实战指南

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"Android中NFC编程指南（Near Field Communication with Android Cookbook）" 本文将深入探讨Android平台上的近场通信（NFC，Near Field Communication）技术，通过超过50个实用的编程实例，揭示如何利用NFC功能提升应用程序的用户体验。本书由Vitor Subtil撰写，由Packt Publishing出版。 NFC是一种短距离无线通信技术，允许设备在几厘米的距离内交换数据。在Android系统中，NFC功能为开发者提供了丰富的API，可以用于各种应用，如支付、信息交换、标签读取等。以下是一些关键知识点： 1. **NFC基础知识**：理解NFC的工作原理，包括其频段、通信模式（读/写模式、点对点模式、卡模拟模式）以及与蓝牙、Wi-Fi的区别。 2. **Android NFC API**：熟悉`android.nfc`包中的类和接口，如`NfcAdapter`，用于管理设备的NFC功能；`Tag`，表示与NFC标签的交互；`Ndef`，处理NDEF（NFC数据交换格式）消息；`NdefMessage`和`NdefRecord`，创建和解析NDEF记录。 3. **读取和写入NDEF标签**：学习如何扫描NFC标签并读取其中的数据，以及如何向兼容的标签写入新的数据，包括创建和添加NDEF记录。 4. **NDEF记录类型**：了解不同类型的NDEF记录，如URI、文本、智能海报等，以及如何根据需求创建自定义类型。 5. **NDEF技术标识符（NTF）**：理解NTF在NDEF消息中的作用，以及如何使用它们来识别特定类型的记录。 6. **NFC Intent过滤器**：配置AndroidManifest.xml中的Intent过滤器，以便在NFC事件发生时启动相应的Activity。 7. **Handover协议**：了解如何使用NFC进行设备间的数据传输，包括使用Android Beam进行点对点通信。 8. **卡模拟**：学习如何使Android设备模拟一张智能卡，以便与读卡器交互，实现无接触支付等功能。 9. **NFC标签检测和触发动作**：设置` NFC foreground dispatch`系统，使得应用程序可以在后台运行时仍能监听到NFC标签的接近，并据此执行特定操作。 10. **安全考虑**：讨论NFC使用中的安全问题，如数据加密、防止中间人攻击等。 11. **故障排查**：理解和解决在开发NFC应用时可能遇到的问题，如权限问题、设备兼容性、读写失败等。通过这本Android NFC编程指南，开发者将能够充分利用NFC技术，构建出创新且实用的Android应用，提供更便捷的用户交互体验。书中详尽的实例和实践指导将帮助读者快速上手，并逐步掌握高级技巧。

Preface

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Questions

You can contact us at questions@packtpub.com if you are having a problem with any

aspect of the book, and we will do our best to address it.

Getting Started with NFC

NFC is specied by the NFC Forum, http://nfc-forum.org/, which promotes the

implementation and denition of the NFC standards for interoperability of devices and services.

The biggest differences among the common RFID technologies are the communication distance,

which is limited to about 10 centimeters, and the ability for bidirectional communication.

By now, you are probably thinking, why do I need another adapter on my smartphone? This will

be another battery-draining feature that most probably will be disabled most of the time. Well,

that's not exactly the case when we talk about NFC. It is specially designed to have a very

small battery consumption footprint so that it can be enabled all the time, thus avoiding the

annoying rituals of enabling and disabling the adapter when we need to use it.

However, you might think you can't send large amounts of data; that's true, but it doesn't

matter! We already have other good and reliable alternatives such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi Direct

for that. So, why would we need another super-fast, battery-drainer adapter? With NFC, things

are kept simple. There's no need to pair devices, it can be constantly turned on, and it takes

less than one-tenth of a second to establish a connection between devices.

Then you may think that what you really want is to keep the battery consumption low and

still be able to transfer bigger les. In cases like these, we can use the best of both worlds.

For example, we can use NFC to transfer a small data block that contains the necessary

information for a successful Bluetooth pair, then turn Bluetooth on, pair the devices, transfer

the les, and turn it off again. All of this is done automatically and with a seamless user

experience. That too with just one tap!

NFC communication can be established between two NFC-enabled devices or between a

device and a tag. One of the entities in the communication process will act as active and

will be responsible for sending, reading, or writing the data, and the other will act as passive.

There are three main operation modes:

f Reading and writing: In this mode, a device reads and writes data to/from a tag.

f Peer to Peer (P2P): In this mode, a P2P connection is established between

two devices.

f Host Card Emulation (HCE): In this mode, a device emulates the behavior of a

tag/card. For example, we can use our smartphone as if we are using several

payment cards.

This book will focus only on the rst two modes. HCE is available from Android 4.4 KitKat,

onwards and you should have a look at this amazing feature at http://developer.

android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/nfc/hce.html

In this rst chapter, we will create a very simple application that will allow us to cover the rst

steps needed in all applications that use NFC, as well as cover how to set up a working virtual

testing environment.

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