Tika实战：文本提取技术解析

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"Tika in Action" 是一本由Chris A. Mattmann和Jukka L. Zitting合著的专业书籍，由Manning出版社出版。这本书主要关注的是Tika在文本提取中的应用。 Tika是一个开放源代码的框架，专门用于内容检测和元数据提取。它是一个多语言的、灵活的工具，广泛应用于各种数据源（如PDF、HTML、Office文档等）中的文本内容的提取。Tika结合了多种解析器，使其能够处理多种文件格式，从而帮助开发者有效地提取和理解信息。书中详细介绍了如何使用Tika进行文本提取，包括如何处理不同的文件类型、识别和解析文件的元数据，以及如何利用Tika进行内容分析。此外，还可能涵盖了Tika与其他技术（如Apache Nutch或Solr）集成的方法，这些技术通常在搜索引擎、数据分析和信息检索项目中使用。作者Chris A. Mattmann和Jukka L. Zitting是该领域的专家，他们的著作深入浅出，不仅解释了Tika的底层工作原理，还提供了丰富的实践示例，帮助读者理解和应用Tika。书中的实例和代码片段有助于读者快速掌握Tika的使用，并将其应用于实际项目中。这本书还可能包含对Tika的最新版本的功能更新，以及如何解决在处理大量数据和不同文件格式时可能遇到的问题。特别地，书中可能会讨论到Tika的API用法，以及如何通过编程接口来定制化文本提取流程，以满足特定的需求。对于那些对信息抽取、内容分析或自然语言处理感兴趣的开发者和数据科学家来说，"Tika in Action"是一本宝贵的资源。它不仅可以帮助读者掌握Tika的基本操作，还能引导他们探索更高级的应用，提升他们在处理结构化和非结构化数据方面的技能。通过阅读此书，读者将能够更有效地从各种文件中提取有价值的信息，从而推动其在数据处理和信息检索领域的项目进展。

foreword

I’m a big fan of search engines and Java, so early in the year 2004 I was looking for a

good Java-based open source project on search engines. I quickly discovered Nutch.

Nutch is an open source search engine project from the Apache Software Foundation.

It was initiated by Doug Cutting, the well-known father of Lucene.

With my new toy on my laptop, I tested and tried to evaluate it. Even if Nutch was

in its early stages, it was a promising project—exactly what I was looking for. I pro-

posed my first patches to Nutch relating to language identification in early 2005.

Then, in the middle of 2005 I become a Nutch committer and increased my number

of contributions relating to language identification, content-type guessing, and docu-

ment analysis. Looking more deeply at Lucene, I discovered a wide set of projects

around it: Nutch, Solr, and what would eventually become Mahout. Lucene provides

its own analysis tools, as do Nutch and Solr, and each one employs some “proprietary”

interfaces to deal with analysis engines.

So I consulted with Chris Mattmann, another Nutch committer with whom I had

worked, about the potential for refactoring all these disparate tools in a common and

standardized project. The concept of Tika was born.

Chris began to advocate for Tika as a standalone project in 2006. Then Jukka

Zitting came into the picture and took the lead on the Tika project; after a lot of refac-

toring and enhancements, Tika became a Lucene top-level project.

At that point in time, Tika was being used in Nutch, Droids (an Incubator project

that you’ll hear about in chapter 10), and many non-Lucene projects—the activity on

Tika mailing lists was indicative of this. The next promising steps for the project

involved plugging Tika into top-level Lucene projects, such as Lucene itself or Solr.

FOREWORDxvi

That amounted to a big challenge, as it required Tika to provide a flexible and robust

set of interfaces that could be used in any programming context where metadata anal-

ysis was needed.

Luckily, Tika got there. With this book, written by Tika’s two main creators and

maintainers, Chris and Jukka, you’ll understand the problems of document analysis

and document information extraction. They first explain to the reader why develop-

ers have such a need for Tika. Today, content handling and analysis are basic building

blocks of all major modern services: search engines, content management systems,

data mining, and other areas.

If you’re a software developer, you’ve no doubt needed, on many occasions, to

guess the encoding, formatting, and language of a file, and then to extract its meta-

data (title, author, and so on) and content. And you’ve probably noticed that this is a

pain. That’s what Tika does for you. It provides a robust toolkit to easily handle any data

format and to simplify this painful process.

Chris and Jukka explain many details and examples of the Tika API and toolkit,

including the Tika command-line interface and its graphical user interface (GUI) that

you can use to extract information about any type of file handled by Tika. They show

how you can use the Tika Application Programming Interface (API) to integrate Tika

commodities directly with your own projects. You’ll discover that Tika is both simple

to use and powerful. Tika has been carefully designed by Chris and Jukka and, despite

the internal complexity of this type of library, Tika’s API and tools are simple and easy

to understand and to use.

Finally, Chris and Jukka show many real-life uses cases of Tika. The most noticeable

real-life projects are Tika powering the NASA Science Data Systems, Tika curating can-

cer research data at the National Cancer Institute’s Early Detection Research Net-

work, and the use of Tika for content management within the Apache Jackrabbit

project. Tika is already used in many projects.

I’m proud to have helped launch Tika. And I’m extremely grateful to Chris and

Jukka for bringing Tika to this level and knowing that the long nights I spent writing

code for automatic language identification for the MIME type repository weren’t in

vain. To now make (even) a small contribution, for example, to assist in research in

the fight against cancer, goes straight to my heart.

Thank you both for all your work, and thank you for this book.

JÉRÔME CHARRON

CHIEF TECHNICAL OFFICER

WEBPULSE

PREFACExviii

It wasn’t as simple as we thought. After getting little interest from the broader

Lucene community (Nutch was a Lucene subproject and thus the project we were pro-

posing had to go through the Lucene PMC), and with Jérôme and I both taking on

further responsibility that took time away from direct Nutch development, what would

eventually be known as Tika began to fizzle away.

That’s where the other author of this book comes in. Jukka Zitting, bless him, was

keenly interested in a technology, separate from the behemoth Nutch codebase, that

would perform the types of things that we had carved off as Tika core capabilities:

parsing, text extraction, metadata extraction, MIME detection, and more. Jukka was a

seasoned Apache veteran, so he knew what to do. Jukka became a real leader of the

original Tika proposal, took it to the Apache Incubator, and helped turn Tika into a

real Apache project.

After working with Jukka for a year or so in the Incubator community, we took our

show on the road back to Lucene as a subproject when Tika graduated. Over a period

of two years, we made seven Tika releases, infected several popular Apache projects

(including Lucene, Solr, Nutch, and Jackrabbit), and gained enough critical mass to

grow into a full-fledged Apache Top Level Project (TLP).

But we weren’t done there. I don’t remember the exact time during the Christmas

season in 2009 when I decided it was time to write a book, but it matters little. When I

get an idea in my head, it’s hard to get it out. This book was happening. Tika in Action

was happening. I approached Jukka and asked him how he felt. In characteristic fash-

ion, he was up for the challenge.

We sure didn’t know what we were getting ourselves into! We didn’t know that the

rabbit hole went this deep. That said, I can safely say I don’t think we could’ve taken

any other path that would’ve been as fulfilling, exciting, and rewarding. We really put

our hearts and souls into creating this book. We sincerely hope you enjoy it. I think I

speak for both of us in saying, I know we did!

CHRIS MATTMANN

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