数据结构与程序设计习题答案详解

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数据结构与程序设计是一本在信息科学与技术领域广受欢迎的教材，其配套答案提供了深入理解和实践课程内容的重要辅助。本资源针对该教材中的习题进行了详尽解答，包括编程原则部分和编程风格实践。在第一章"编程原则"的练习中，第1.2节"THE GAME OF LIFE"要求读者手工计算图1.1所示的不同生命状态在五代后的变化。这个经典问题是康威生命游戏的一个示例，参与者需用棋盘和两种颜色标记细胞，观察它们遵循特定规则（如存活条件和繁殖规则）时的演变。解答中给出了不同情况下的描述： - (a) 图形保持稳定，意味着没有细胞会改变状态。 - (b) 至少有一种配置导致了重复模式，即生命周期内细胞的行为循环不变。 - (c), (d), (e) ... (l) 分别代表不同的图形变化，可能包括周期性重复、死亡或无限繁殖等。在第1.3节"编程风格"的练习中，探讨了如何设计类来实现特定项目。例如，一个存储电话号码的程序可以使用Phone_book和Person两个类。Phone_book类可能包含方法如look_up_name（查找名字）、add_person（添加联系人）和remove_person（移除联系人）。Person类可能有look_up_number（查找电话号码）的方法，同时，初始化对象和打印对象的功能也是必不可少的。通过这些答案，学生不仅可以掌握数据结构和算法的基础概念，还能学习如何将这些理论应用到实际的编程项目中，培养良好的编程习惯和设计模式。理解并完成这些习题有助于提升代码组织能力，培养对复杂问题的抽象思考，以及编写高效、易维护的程序代码。

16 Chapter 1 • Programming Principles

{

Life configuration;

instructions();

configuration.initialize();

configuration.print(cout);

bool command;

do {

configuration.update();

configuration.print(cout);

cout << "Continue viewing without changes? " << endl;

if (!(command = user_says_yes())) {

cout << "Do you want to quit? " << flush;

if (user_says_yes()) command = false;

else {

cout << "Do you want help? " << flush;

if (user_says_yes()) instructions();

cout << "Do you want to make any changes? " << flush;

if (user_says_yes()) configuration.edit();

command = true;

}

} while (command);

cout << "Do you want to save the final position to file? " << flush;

if (user_says_yes()) {

char name[1000];

cout << "Give the save file name: " << flush;

cin >> name;

ofstream f(name);

configuration.print(f);

}

const int maxrow = 20, maxcol = 60; // grid dimensions

class Life {

public:

void initialize();

void print(ostream &f);

void update();

void edit();

private:

int grid[maxrow + 2][maxcol + 2]; // Allow two extra rows and columns.

int neighbor_count(int row, int col);

bool step_mode;

};

void Life::edit()

/* Post: User has edited configuration, and/or step mode */

{

cout << "Do you want to switch the step mode? " << flush;

if (user_says_yes()) step_mode = !step_mode;

cout << "Do you want to change the configuration? " << flush;

if (!user_says_yes()) return;

Section 1.5 • Program Maintenance 19

for (row = 1; row <= maxrow; row++) {

if (!from_file) cout << row <<":"<<flush;

for (col = 1; col <= maxcol; col++) {

if (from_file) f.get(c);

else cin.get(c);

if (c == ’\n’ || c == ’$’) break;

if (c != ’ ’) grid[row][col] = 1;

else grid[row][col] = 0;

}

if (c == ’$’) break;

if (from_file) while (c != ’\n’) f.get(c);

else while (c != ’\n’) cin.get(c);

}

void instructions()

Pre: None.

Post: Instructions for using the Life program have been printed.

{

cout << "Welcome to Conway’s game of Life." << endl;

cout << "This game uses a grid of size "

<< maxrow << " by " << maxcol << " in which" << endl;

cout << "each cell can either be occupied by an organism or not." << endl;

cout << "The occupied cells change from generation to generation" << endl;

cout << "according to the number of neighboring cells which are alive."

<< endl;

}

P2. Addafeaturetothefunctioninitializesothatitcan,attheuser’soption,eitherreaditsinitialconﬁguration

from the keyboard or from a ﬁle. The ﬁrst line of the ﬁle will be a comment giving the name of the

conﬁguration. Each remaining line of the ﬁle will correspond to a row of the conﬁguration. Each line

will contain

x in each living position and a blank in each dead position.

Answer

See project P1.

P3.

Add a feature to the Life program so that, at termination, it can write the ﬁnal conﬁguration to a ﬁle in a

format that can be edited by the user and that can be read in to restart the program (using the feature of

Project P2).

Answer

See project P1. The program subdirectories contain a ﬁle of test data called FILE.

P4.

Add a feature to the Life program so, at any generation, the user can edit the current conﬁguration by

inserting new living cells or by deleting living cells.

Answer

See project P1.

P5.

Add a feature to the Life program so, if the user wishes at any generation, it will display a help screen

giving the rules for the Life game and explaining how to use the program.

Answer

See project P1.

P6.

Add a step mode to the Life program, so it will explain every change it makes while going from one

generation to the next.

Answer

See project P1.

20 Chapter 1 • Programming Principles

P7.

Use direct cursor addressing (a system-dependent feature) to make the Life method print update the

conﬁguration instead of completely rewriting it at each generation.

Answer

The changes required are system dependent and have not been implemented.

P8.

Use different colors in the Life output to show which cells have changed in the current generation and

which have not.

Answer

The changes required are system dependent and have not been implemented.

1.6 CONCLUSIONS AND PREVIEW

Programming Projects 1.6

P1. A magic square is a square array of integers such that the sum of every row, the sum of every column,

and sum of each of the two diagonals are all equal.

(a) Write a program that reads a square array of integers and determines whether or not it is a magic square.

(b) Write a program that generates a magic square by the following method. This method works only when

the size of the square is an odd number. Start by placing 1 in the middle of the top row. Write down

successive integers 2, 3,

...along a diagonal going upward and to the right. When you reach the top row

(as you do immediately since 1 is in the top row), continue to the bottom row as though the bottom row

were immediately above the top row. When you reach the rightmost column, continue to the leftmost

column as though it were immediately to the right of the rightmost one. When you reach a position that

is already occupied, instead drop straight down one position from the previous number to insert the new

one.

Answer

#include "../../c/utility.h"

#include "../../c/utility.cpp"

#include "square.h"

#include "square.cpp"

int main()

{

cout << "Magic Square Program" << endl << endl;

cout << "Enter a square of integers:" << endl;

Square s;

s.read();

if (s.is_magic()) cout << "That square is magic!" << endl;

else cout << "That square is not magic." << endl;

cout << endl << endl << "Generatinga5x5magic square:" << endl;

cout << "--------------------------------" << endl << endl;

s.generate(5);

s.print();

cout << endl << endl << "Generatinga7x7magic square:" << endl;

cout << "--------------------------------" << endl << endl;

s.generate(7);

s.print();

}

const int max_size = 9;

class Square {

public:

void read();

void print();

bool is_magic();

void generate(int n);

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