x64汇编编程指南：Ubuntu系统下的实战教程

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《x86-64汇编编程入门指南》是一本专为大学级计算机科学课程设计的参考书籍，重点讲解了x86-64架构的指令集，适用于基于Ubuntu 64位操作系统的处理器。该教材针对流行的x86-64架构处理器进行了深入剖析，并提供了适用于Linux 64位系统的代码示例，但已知测试过的是Ubuntu 14.04 LTS版本。作者Ed Jorgensen在2018年9月更新到了第1.1.14版。本书的核心内容围绕着x86-64汇编语言展开，涵盖了以下知识点： 1. **介绍**：章节首先引导读者了解汇编语言，它是一种低级编程语言，直接操作硬件，与机器指令紧密相关，对于理解计算机底层工作原理至关重要。 2. **预设知识**：读者需要具备基本的计算机科学概念，包括二进制和内存管理等基础知识，以便能有效地学习和应用汇编语言。 3. **什么是汇编语言**：这部分详细解释了汇编语言的工作原理，如何将高级语言（如C、Python等）编译成机器可执行的指令，以及汇编语言的优势和局限性。 4. **为什么学习汇编语言**：书中讨论了在现代计算机科学教育中的重要性，包括提高代码效率、理解操作系统内核工作方式、进行系统级编程、安全漏洞分析和嵌入式系统开发等方面的应用。 5. **x86-64架构详解**：书中的内容特别关注了x86-64架构，这是当前广泛使用的处理器类型，包括寄存器、指令集、内存寻址方式等核心概念。 6. **Ubuntu环境下的编程实践**：书中提供的代码示例均基于Ubuntu操作系统，强调了实际操作中的环境设置和调试技巧，确保读者能在Linux环境中顺利学习和应用。 7. **版权和许可**：该教材遵循Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0国际许可协议，允许读者在特定条件下自由分享、修改和使用作品。通过阅读这本书，学生或专业人士将能建立起扎实的x86-64汇编编程基础，从而在系统级编程、硬件驱动开发、嵌入式系统等领域展现技能。由于其注重实用性，无论是在学术研究还是工业项目中，这都是一本不可多得的参考资料。

Chapter 1.0 ◄ Introduction

1.2 What is Assembly Language

The typical question asked by students is 'why learn assembly?'. Before addressing that

question, let's clarify what exactly assembly language is.

Assembly language is machine specific. For example, code written for an x86-64

processor will not run on a different processor such as a RISC processor (popular in

tablets and smart-phones).

Assembly language is a “low level” language and provides the basic instructional

interface to the computer processor. Assembly language is as close to the processor as

you can get as a programmer. Programs written in a high-level language are translated

into assembly language in order for the processor to execute the program. The high-

level language is an abstraction between the language and the actual processor

instructions. As such, the idea that “assembly is dead” is nonsense.

Assembly language gives you direct control of the system's resources. This involves

setting processor registers, accessing memory locations, and interfacing with other

hardware elements. This requires a significantly deeper understanding of exactly how

the processor and memory work.

1.3 Why Learn Assembly Language

The goal of this text is to provide a comprehensive introduction to programming in

assembly language. The reasons for learning assembly language are more about

understanding how a computer works instead of developing large programs. Since

assembly language is machine specific, the lack of portability is very limiting for

programming projects.

The process of actually learning assembly language involves writing non-trivial

programs to perform specific low-level actions including arithmetic operations, function

calls, using stack-dynamic local variables, and operating system interaction for activities

such as input/output. Just looking at small assembly language programs will not be

enough.

In the long run, learning the underlying principles, including assembly language, is what

makes the difference between a coding technician unable to cope with changing

languages and a computer scientist who is able to adapt to the ever-changing

technologies.

The following sections provide some detail on the various, more specific reasons for

learning assembly language.

Page 2

Chapter 1.0 ► Introduction

1.3.1 Gain a Better Understanding of Architecture Issues

Learning and spending some time working at the assembly language level provides a

richer understanding of the underlaying computer architecture. This includes the basic

instruction set, processor registers, memory addressing, hardware interfacing, and

Input/Output. Since ultimately all programs execute at this level, knowing the

capabilities of assembly language provides useful insights into what is possible, what is

easy, and what might be more difficult or slower.

1.3.2 Understanding the Tool Chain

The tool chain is the name for the process of taking code written by a human and

converting it into something that the computer can directly execute. This includes the

compiler, or assembler in our case, the linker, the loader, and the debugger. In reference

to compiling, beginning programmers are told “just do this” with little explanation of the

complexity involved in the process. Working at the low level can help provide the basis

for understanding and appreciating the details of the tool chain.

1.3.3 Improve Algorithm Development Skills

Working with assembly language and writing low-level programs helps programmers

improve algorithm development skills by practicing with a language that requires more

thought and more attention to detail. In the highly unlikely event that a program does

not work the first time, debugging assembly language also provides practice debugging

and requires a more nuanced approach since just adding a bunch of output statements is

more difficult at the assembly language level. This typically involves a more

comprehensive use of a debugger which is a useful skill for any programmer.

1.3.4 Improves Understanding of Functions/Procedures

Working with assembly language provides a greatly improved understanding of how

function/procedure calls work. This includes the contents and structure of the function

call frame, also referred to as the activation record. Depending on the specific instance,

the activation record might include stack-based arguments, preserved registers, and/or

stack dynamic local variables. There are some significant implementation and security

implications regarding stack dynamic local variables that are best understood working at

a low level. Due to the security implications, it would be appropriate to remind readers

to always use their powers for good. Additionally, use of the stack and the associated

call frame is the basis for recursion and understanding the fairly straightforward

implementation of recursive functions.

Page 3

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