IBM WebSphere Portal 7.0：加速Web 2.0协作与功能增强

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本资源聚焦于"加速Web2.0协作与WebSphere Portal 7.0集成"的主题，深入探讨了如何利用IBM的WebSphere Portal Server 7.0平台来加速Web 2.0在企业中的应用与协作。Web 2.0的核心理念是将互动、社交和用户生成内容融入到网站设计中，为企业带来诸多益处，如提高生产力、增强团队协作以及内容分享的便捷性。文章首先介绍了Web 2.0的基本概念，包括博客、wiki、评级、标签等功能，强调了这些特性如何打破传统的信息传递模式，促进实时交流和知识共享。通过Mashup技术，业务用户能够快速开发满足特定情境的应用，无需编写复杂的Java代码，这极大地降低了开发门槛，提升了创新效率。 WebSphere Portal 7.0作为一款强大的RIA（富互联网应用程序）平台，将社交协作工具、生产力工具、丰富的内容和自定义应用集成为一个统一的界面，旨在简化管理和使用体验。它支持在组织内部和外部重新混合服务，从而获取新的洞察，服务于企业的商业目标。文章还列举了一些常见的企业应用场景和实现策略，强调了在充分利用产品功能的同时，也需要灵活运用创新方法，发掘Web 2.0服务的潜力。此外，Lotus WCM v7.0的新功能也得到了提及，如性能提升和可扩展性增强，这对于构建高效、稳定的Web2.0应用至关重要。对于开发者而言，指南详细介绍了如何在Portal中实施Web 2.0服务，特别是通过AJAX技术开发响应式的portlet，以优化用户体验和后台处理能力。Web2.0片段模型（Fragment）的使用也被提及，这允许动态加载和更新内容，进一步提高了系统的灵活性。该资源提供了全面的指导，帮助企业和开发者理解和利用WebSphere Portal 7.0的优势，实现Web 2.0时代的高效协作和创新业务流程。通过掌握这些核心知识点，读者可以更好地设计和部署符合现代工作方式的Web 2.0应用。

On the other side, WebSphere Portal Server can help utilize the existing IT investment already made by

organizations or use them efficiently by leveraging following components:

1. Virtual Portals allow organizations to run fully functional, applications and content rich logical portals on

the same hardware infrastructure and within same JVM process, thus removing the need for multiple

applications on different hardware.

2. WebSphere Portlet Factory (WPF) and Rational Application Developer (RAD) expedites the custom

application development and XMLAccess, ReleaseBuilder and Portal Application Archive (PAA) ease out

on deployment.

3. Easy administration and consistent UI across pages. Page templates and inherited pages improves the

time to create similarly laid out pages.

4. Different Accelerators improve time to value by providing sample application and well defined

integrations

5. Already announced virtualization support on hypervisor, support for VMware, Amazon EC2, Solaris

Zones, AIX LPAR etc, WebSphere Portal Supports almost all the hardware platforms and OS (including

open source OS) – thus providing IT teams more options to choose from.

Extend business opportunities with agility and innovation

Ideally, Web 2.0 services reach for a wider range of clients than the PC browser. They allow access from and

dissemination of data to devices such as mobile phones, PDAs, game consoles, etc. By offering multiple sources

of input, this principle increases potential participation of the user. In addition to device independence, the data on

a Web page itself becomes independent of the server and, as a consequence, resources located at an URL

become usable in a number of ways (e.g. person card in Lotus Connections can be integrated on SAP NetWeaver

Portal, Sharepoint, WebSphere Portal, Lotus Quickr, Lotus Sametime, Lotus Notes client etc). Rendering the data

for presentation in a browser, the standard processing of today, is only one of the multiple potential applications.

For instance, micro-formats can be used to annotate part of the data. These are predefined mark-up languages

that allow to a annotate data on Web pages and thereby assigning a semantic. This semantic is exploited not by

the server but by the client using plug-ins. For instance, in a broker portal scenario : allow the broker to start a

trade whenever he encounters an company name/scrip code. This pattern is also known as “click-to-action (C2A)”

or LiveText on WebSphere Portal.

WebSphere Dashboard Framework (WDF) provides innovative ways for instant collaboration on business data by

using Clickatell and CellTrust SMS gateways to send SMS alerts from dashboard applications covering more than

700 networks in 218 countries. Similarly, WDF's annotation framework integrates with IBM WebSphere Portal to

easily allow real-time collaboration (chat, e-mail, etc.) directly from Dashboard; also allows online annotations to

data in portlets for collaborative discussion/review of specific areas of interest/concern.

Functional Benefit

Different needs, different portals

In a Web context, the term portal can be used to describe a number of different types of Web sites. Portals at their

core are sites that mediate, in various ways, between the user and the vast range of information that is out there

in hyperspace. An effective Web portal offers the user a broad array of information, arranged in a way that is most

convenient for the user to access. When designed, implemented and maintained correctly a Web portal becomes

the starting or entry point of a Web user introducing him into various information, resources and other sites in the

Internet or intranet. It has the power to draw together a common group of people, common on the basis of their

age, profession, location etc. Similarly, the target audiences also drive the user interface design of these portals.

This integration of people and information has been described as happening in three principle ways: Horizontal,

Vertical and Enterprise.

Horizontal portals focus on the general audience and try to present something for everybody. Horizontal portals

try to act as an entry point of a Web surfer into the Internet, providing content on the topic of interest and guiding

towards the right direction to fetch more related resources and information. Classic examples of horizontal portals

are yahoo.com, igoogle.com, etc. which provide visitors with information and on a wide area of topics. Horizontal

portals target the entire Internet community. These sites, often referred to as "megaportals", usually contain

search engines and are steeped deeply in the concept of syndicated content and massive personalization. Some

people see no point to them, others find them invaluable. They center on the concept of the user customizing their

"Home page", which usually involves deciding what content boxes are drawn and what goes in them. Another

variant of horizontal portals are

E-library sites. which are dedicated to providing access to a large amount of

content. The prime example is a news site, where new content is created throughout the day, every day of the

week and is published online and then archived as it becomes out of date. Other examples include journals,

analyst reports, and software libraries.

Vertical portals are Web portals which focus only on one specific industry, domain or vertical. Vertical portals

simply provide tools, information, articles, research and statistics on the specific industry or vertical. As the Web

has become a standard tool for business, vertical portals provide an ideal gateway for businesses to market their

products and services and to gain exposure within their vertical by developing and using vertical portals (e.g.

using content management, campaign management and Web analytics tools together). Classic examples of

vertical portals are Lufthansa.com which focuses only on air travel, ticketing, self-service and related information

to air travel, homedepot.com only on home improvement products and services, etc. Most of the times, vertical

portals offer information and services customized to niche audiences about a particular area of interest. These are

the sites that provide a gateway to information related to a particular industry, such as, insurance, automobiles,

citizen services, etc.

There are innumerable possibilities for establishing special vertical portals on the market. The numerous solutions

can be divided into two major groups that partially overlap:

1. Corporate Portals: Provide personalized access to selected information of a specific company. This is

also known as "

brochureware site", which is an externally facing site that acts as an organization's

presence on the World Wide Web.

2. Commerce Portals: Support business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce

Intranet portals are portals developed and maintained for use by members of the intranet or the enterprise

network. In today’s demanding business enterprise, the key to productivity of the employees depends on access

to timely information and resources. The most common implementation of enterprise portals focus on providing

employees with this information on a regularly updated manner along with document management system,

availability of applications on demand, online training courses and Web casts etc along with communication in the

form of emails, instant messaging, web meetings etc.

Enterprise portals have become one of the hottest new technologies of the Internet. Initially called intranet

portals - enterprise portals existing for the benefit of the company’s own employees, this set of technologies has

developed to assist and provide access to a company’s business partners (suppliers, customers, agents, vendors

etc) as well. As opposed to public web portals, enterprise portals aim at providing a virtual workplace for each

individual using them - executives, employees, suppliers, customers, third-party service providers. Rather than

offering access to consumer goods, services, and information, enterprise portals are designed to give each

individual using them access to all of the information, business applications, and services needed to perform their

jobs.

More advanced enterprise portal solutions provide access via mobile devices, such as cell phones, PDA’s, palm

tops, smart phones etc. facilitating on the road work, decision making, and business processes.

Marketplace Portals exist to support the business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-customer (B2C) e-

commerce, e.g. customer service (CSR) portals.

Major functionalities of marketplace portals:

1. Software support for e-commerce transactions

2. Ability to find and access rich information about the products on sale

3. Ability to participate in discussion groups with other vendors and buyers

Then there are other types of Web portals and sites like Knowledge Management (KM) portals, community

portals, News portals, business intelligence portals, federated portals, departmental portals, etc, which can offer

personalized experience or not.

These days, as the end user’s machines are getting smarter and faster, networks getting speedier and users more

informed and demanding, there is a growing need to make Web sites look more like desktop applications. That

means, rich interfaces, aggregated information on demand and securely, faster page loads and around the clock

access with quick application rollout. WebSphere Portal Server, as a platform is engineered to satisfy these needs

of the hour.

WebSphere Portal Server: A platform for

Rich Internet Application (RIA)

Creating Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) that run on the Web is helping to transform traditional application

development principles. Many businesses are now offering their customers and employees RIAs to provide a

richer, more interactive application experience than ever before. Developing a rich application for manipulating

large amounts of data used to be the exclusive domain of desktop applications. Now it can be done in a web

application, and you do not have to be a JavaScript guru to do it. For example, using the Dojo Toolkit and

WebSphere Portlet Factory, you can quickly develop data centric web applications and hook them up to a back

end based on the JavaEE standards such as JAX-RS and JPA. These technologies allow you to leverage

convention over configuration principles to easily wire together complex applications in no time at all.

Characteristics of RIAs

The characteristics of RIAs are:

• Accessible to the user without a separate installation process

• Supports robust, local application processing on the client side (including client side partial refresh,

eventing, client side data storage, etc.)

• Provides a rich, full featured user interface that closely matches the look and feel of a native desktop GUI

• Allows you to present information more effectively - providing immediate visual feedback

• Can provide greater ease of use - a standard Web browser is used to access the application (irrespective

of whether user is using a desktop or smart phone)

• Simplified maintenance - RIAs reside on the application server and there is no client component update

once on your server

Although not always the case, the goal is to take advantage of the browser as the universal client and provide a

richer interactive experience to the end user. Two core technologies that help provide this experience are Ajax

and REST. There are lots of other framework technologies in this category that can also provide a browser based

rich user experience. Some of them are AJAX, Adobe Flex, JSF, etc. and multiple application development

paradigm like mashups and widgets. If you are building a custom Web application, many a times you will have the

need to incorporate one or many of these available technologies in your application. Wouldn't it be nicer if you had

a platform where you can mix and combine some of them to enhance the user experience, e.g. a page where you

render feeds, widgets, AJAX/REST based portlets, contents and many more.

The purpose of all of this is to provide much more dynamic Web pages that not only respond quicker to user

action, but that actually assist the user in working with the Web page. Simple Ajax patterns include the following:

• Type Assist: This enables a user to type into a text box while the system tries to figure out what word or

phrase the user is seeking. As the user types, the text box continues to change with different values that

can assist the user in getting the right value.

• Form Assist: Another scenario is the concept of updating a list of options based on an earlier choice.

Consider, for example, a user trying to fill out a form on the screen. Choosing one option from a list or

drop-down box might trigger different options to appear, change, or prefill with additional values based on

that choice.

• Page Fragment Updates: Again, like in the stock ticker example, data can be retrieved behind the scenes

and update small fragments of a page without requiring a full refresh of the page.

• Sliding Palettes: This pattern is where a window appears or slides out on top of the page. This allows the

user to choose from a picklist or set of displayed options.

There are more controls for RIAs and are explained here nicely.

Starting WebSphere Portal Server V6.1, IBM is shipping Dojo JavaScript toolkit as part of default installation.

WebSphere Portal 7.0 will ship Dojo Toolkit v1.4 and with some minor changes in the code, you will be able to use

lower versions of Dojo as part of your theme. You can also use other Ajax frameworks like jQuery in you custom

theme or in custom portlets. You can develop custom

portlets using Adobe Flex, JSF Portlets with AJAX using

Rational Application Developer v7.5 and v8.0 (upcoming) and WebSphere Portlet Factory AJAX/REST builders.

Due to many well documented toolkits and significant community following, Ajax is the most widely accepted

architectural pattern to implement bulk of the RIAs existing today. Adobe Flex is gaining momentum, but due to

steep learning curve and the facts that Flex based applications are likely to be strategic applications, it is a slow

but steady starter. The subliminal message that most Ajax applications send out is the power of aggregation.

Often, advantages of Ajax are described in terms of reducing round trip costs to the server. However, the real

benefits are when Ajax applications move beyond the stage of being simple portals to performing truly transparent

client-side mashup.

Starting WebSphere Portal V6.1.5, IBM had integrated mashup technology as part of the core Portal framework

and WebSphere Portal Server 7.0 is going to enhance the mashup capabilities of WebSphere Portal Server. Now,

you can deploy your iWidget specification based widget Web application archive (WAR) files on WebSphere

Portal Server as if these are regular Web Applications and will be able to consume them on regular portal page, or

using IBM WebSphere Portal Widget Portlet, an end user can view a predefined widget, modify its preferences in

the widget's edit mode, or even select a widget from the Lotus Mashups toolbox, the IBM Mashup Center catalog,

or any other widget providing server for display on a portal page.

Architecture View of WebSphere Portal Server 7.0

As shown below, the orange color boxes depict the changes introduced as part of WebSphere Portal v6.1.5 and

v7.0. As you can see, a lot of improvement had been made to provide much of the aggregation layer out of the

box, which make WebSphere Portal a better platform for developing and consuming RIAs.

WebSphere Portal Server 7.0 will provide an improved page builder theme, which will make it possible to render

different heterogeneous components together as shown below:

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