LEGO EV3编程指南：为FLL竞赛准备概念与实战教程

需积分: 9 48 浏览量更新于2024-07-15 收藏 8.03MB PDF 举报

《Programming LEGO EV3 My Blocks》是一本专为那些对FIRST LEGO League (FLL) 不熟悉的读者设计的指南，它深入介绍了FLL及其在科技教育中的作用。FLL是FIRST Robotics Competition（FRC）的一部分，由For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology（FIRST）组织举办，包括四个不同级别的竞赛：FLL Jr.（针对三年级及以下学生），FLL（针对四至八年级），FTC（针对七至十二年级）以及FRC（九至十二年级）。这本书特别关注的是FLL比赛，特别是与机器人游戏相关的部分。该书的核心内容围绕如何通过LEGO EV3 My Blocks进行编程教学，以培养孩子们的科技技能和准备他们参加FLL竞赛。作者Gene Harding以其深入浅出的方式，教导读者如何利用LEGO EV3平台来教授编程概念，强调实践操作和理论结合，帮助孩子们理解和掌握基本的编程逻辑、控制结构和传感器应用，这些都是FLL竞赛中不可或缺的技能。书中详细介绍了如何通过LEGO EV3 My Blocks软件创建和执行简单的到复杂的程序，让学生在玩乐中学习，体验STEM教育的魅力。此外，它还涵盖了团队协作、项目管理以及如何将所学知识应用到实际的机器人设计和策略规划中。书本的结构清晰，从基础概念入门，逐步过渡到高级主题，确保读者能够循序渐进地提升技能。版权信息表明，《Programming LEGO EV3 My Blocks》享有完整版权，禁止未经许可的复制、重印、改编或任何形式的信息传播，包括电子版和数字化。书中可能会包含已注册商标、标志和图像，使用时需尊重原商标规则。这是一本非常适合想要引导孩子参与FLL竞赛，或者寻求有效教育资源的教师、家长和学生使用的工具书，它不仅提供技术指导，也促进了创新思维和团队合作精神的培养。

G. Harding, Programming LEGO

EV3 My Blocks, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3438-9_1

CHAPTER 1

Concepts andCommon

Tasks

There are several concepts that should be covered to lay the foundation for the heart of

this book, including subroutines, feedback, troubleshooting, motor and color sensor

matching, and unit conversion, among others.

My Blocks, or Subroutines

In programming, a subroutine is a program that is used to do a task that must be done

over and over. Rather than doing the programming for such a task many times, a “mini”

program called a subroutine is written just to do that task. The program is carefully

debugged and tuned, then it is “called” and run by programs that need it, avoiding the

need to repetitively create and debug the code. The principle of dividing programs into

smaller, more manageable blocks is called modularity, and it can be a tremendous

time saver. The term used for such subroutines in LEGO

/MINDSTORMS

/EV3/NXT

programming is “My Block.”

So, are there times and places in FIRST

LEGO

League (FLL

) where it makes sense

to use My Blocks? Absolutely! In fact, there are tasks that must be done every season by

every robot, regardless of the Robot Game mat layout, missions, or LEGO models used

on the mat. Common tasks include moving forward and backward a specified distance,

in either a straight or curved line; turning in place; and finding, following, and squaring

up on lines. Because these tasks are useful for any mat layout, they can be worked on

during the off-season, before the Challenge guide is published for the coming season.

Having a functional library of My Blocks ready to go at the start of the season allows

better focus on the unique aspects of that year’s Robot Game. My Blocks are covered in

more detail in a later chapter.

Feedback

Another important concept in more advanced programming is feedback. Feedback

is the information that is monitored, or “fed back,” to the control algorithm. The

feedback is compared to the desired value, and differences indicate how to make

corrections to get closer to the desired value. For example, when following a line, the

program must constantly monitor light intensity to track the line accurately. Feedback

information typically comes from one of the sensors, such as the color sensor, motor

rotation sensor(s), gyro sensor, ultrasonic sensor, and touch sensor. The color sensor is

invaluable for finding and following lines, and the motor rotation sensors are important

for determining distance traveled. The ultrasonic sensor can be used to help a robot

follow smooth, regular surfaces like the game table walls, and to determine distances

to objects. The gyro sensor can be useful for determining which direction the robot is

facing, and the touch sensor can be used to determine when the robot has contacted

an object. The EV3 brick has four sensor ports. Motor rotation sensor information is

transmitted through the motor ports, leaving all four sensor ports available for other

sensors. Specific sensor usage and associated feedback techniques are covered in more

detail in later chapters.

The preceding paragraph discussed using feedback to allow the robot to monitor

itself and make corrections for more precise, reliable operation, but there is another

type of feedback: user feedback. This type of feedback is not for the robot, but for the

person(s) running the robot. For example, when you are troubleshooting it can be

invaluable to know that the robot actually detected the line it just passed, or that it just

activated its steering correction to maintain a straight course. Such feedback can be

provided by changing the color of the lights on top of the brick, or by providing an audio

signal, such as a beep, to cue the user without requiring the robot to stop mid-mission.

User feedback is covered in more detail in a subsequent chapter.

Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting is an area that can be very tricky. It is often very tempting, after

observing some errant behavior in the robot, to make a premature conclusion rather

than thinking through the situation carefully. If the program is then changed to “fix” the

problem, it can end up introducing more problems instead of improving the program.

There are a couple of things one can do avoid this. First, slow down and think carefully

Chapter 1 ConCepts andCommon tasks

Similarly, if your robot uses two color sensors, it helps to use two sensors that

are closely matched. This can be determined by observing the baseline values of the

sensor during calibration. When calibrating one of the sensors, note the minimum and

maximum values for the calibration, then repeat for the other sensor. If they are close,

the sensors are well matched. If not, it would be wise to find a pair of sensors that are

matched. The reason for this is that the calibration settings for the sensor that is being

calibrated are applied to all of the color sensors connected to the brick, so if the sensors

are not matched the results from one sensor might not match results from the other

sensor(s). (Color sensor calibration is covered in Chapter 5.)

Levels ofComplexity

Many tasks can be performed at different levels of complexity and effectiveness, allowing

beginners to create effective programs, then improve them as they gain experience. For

instance, a basic My Block for moving forward a specified distance might just convert

inches to degrees of rotation. A more advanced version could monitor a gyro sensor

and add steering correction to ensure the robot moves in a straight line. An even more

advanced My Block might incorporate acceleration and deceleration to allow for higher

speed without wheel slip. (Wheel slip introduces error, making the distance moved

inaccurate and inconsistent.)

Commenting andProgram Development

Commenting programs is very important. It is a big help to others who need to use

or modify the program. Comments can also be very helpful, even for the original

programmer, if he or she has not looked at the program for some time. In FLL

competition, programs are often written and worked on as teams, so comments can

be invaluable for effective programming. They are also useful for judges evaluating the

programs, and demonstrate a higher level of professionalism than programs without

comments.

Chapter 1 ConCepts andCommon tasks

www.allitebooks.com

剩余146页未读，继续阅读

kanlaw0420

粉丝: 1
资源: 62

LEGO EV3编程指南：为FLL竞赛准备概念与实战教程

Programming LEGO EV3 My Blocks Teaching Concepts and Preparing for FLL epub

EV3初级教案.pdf

EV3高级教案.pdf

Beginning Robotics Programming in Java with LEGO Mindstorms.pdf 2016

Lego ev3机器人怎么编程.pdf

ev编程模块知识.pdf

Beginning LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3 .pdf

乐高EV3机器人电子模块制作.pdf

乐高机器人EV3：斗牛士.ppt

乐高（LEGO）-EV3课程资料.rar

最新资源