使用SDL进行OpenGL编程初探

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"这篇文章是关于SDL（Simple DirectMedia Layer）和OpenGL的教程，适用于学习SDL基础的开发者，尤其是针对MacOS X平台。作者Mark Szymczyk在2009年12月29日进行了最后更新。文章内容涵盖了如何在Xcode中设置SDL以及在多平台上使用OpenGL。随着SDL版本的更新，文中也反映了相应的变化，如1.2.14版本移除了Project Builder模板，而现在的版本提供了针对不同MacOS X版本的Xcode项目模板。此外，还更新了包括OpenGL头文件的建议，推荐使用SDL_opengl.h而非手动包含gl.h。" 在这篇教程中，读者可以了解到SDL的核心概念，它是一个跨平台的多媒体库，用于处理图形、音频和输入设备等。SDL简化了游戏和其他实时媒体应用程序的开发，特别是在与OpenGL结合使用时，能够提供强大的图形渲染能力。OpenGL是一个开放标准的图形库，广泛应用于3D图形编程。在设置SDL部分，作者详细解释了如何在Xcode环境中配置SDL项目，这对MacOS X开发者尤为重要。考虑到不同版本的Xcode和SDL之间的兼容性问题，教程给出了相应的指导，比如使用Xcode的项目模板来创建SDL工程。当涉及到OpenGL集成时，作者强调了在跨平台项目中，通过包含`SDL_opengl.h`来代替直接包含`gl.h`的好处。`SDL_opengl.h`是一个封装头文件，它会根据目标平台自动包含正确的OpenGL头文件，确保代码能在多种操作系统上运行。随着SDL的版本升级，例如1.2.10引入了对MacOS X的通用二进制支持，使得程序能够同时运行在PowerPC和Intel架构的Mac上，这在教程中也有提及。同时，1.2.10之后的MacOS X版本不再包含安装器，需要开发者直接下载源码编译或使用预编译的二进制包。这篇教程为初学者和有经验的开发者提供了深入理解SDL和OpenGL结合使用的宝贵资料，涵盖了从环境配置到实际编程实践的多个方面，旨在帮助开发者更好地利用这两个工具创建高性能的多媒体应用。

SDL and OpenGL

Author: Mark Szymczyk

Last Update: December 29, 2009

This article provides an introduction to the Simple DirectMedia Library (SDL) and using it for OpenGL programs.

Although I focus on using SDL with Mac OS X in the article, there is also a lot of good information for SDL developers

on any platform.

Updates

I removed the last three sentences of the first paragraph in the Setting Up SDL in Xcode section. SDL 1.2.14 removed

the Project Builder templates so there was no need to explain the difference between the Xcode and Project Builder

templates. SDL now has Xcode project templates for Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger), 10.5 (Leopard), and 10.6 (Snow Leopard).

(December 29, 2009)

I revised the material on including the OpenGL header files. The new material makes it very clear that including

SDL_opengl.h is superior from a cross-platform perspective than including gl.h manually. (December 4, 2007)

The Mac OS X version of SDL 1.2.10 no longer includes an installer. The article has been updated to reflect that

information. (June 9, 2006)

SDL 1.2.10 has been released. The Mac OS X version supports universal binaries. You no longer have to download

the SDL source and build the framework to create universal binaries that run on Intel and PowerPC Macs. (May 17,

2006)

Introduction

SDL is an open source library to handle the operating system dependent parts of game development. It can handle

things like creating a window, reading mouse, keyboard, and joystick input from the player, playing audio, and creating

threads.

SDL shines for writing games on multiple operating system. Suppose you wanted to write an OpenGL game that ran on

Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows. Without a library like SDL, you would have to learn the following technologies:

n WGL, GLX, and either AGL or Cocoa OpenGL to create OpenGL windows.

n DirectX for Windows audio and reading player input.

n QuickTime or Core Audio for Mac OS X audio.

n Either Carbon or Cocoa event handling to read the keyboard and mouse on Mac OS X.

SDL saves you the hassle of having to become intimately familiar with the details of programming multiple operating

systems. Learn SDL and your code can run on multiple operating systems in the time it takes to write a game for one

operating system.

SDL comes with functions for 2D graphics, but I’m going to be focusing on using SDL with OpenGL in this article.

2D drawing with OpenGL is faster than using SDL’s functions because OpenGL takes advantage of graphics hardware

acceleration. Plus, OpenGL can be used for both 2D and 3D graphics, which makes OpenGL more versatile than

SDL’s 2D drawing functions.

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