Oracle 10g SQL语言参考手册

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SQL

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Oracle SQL语言说明 Oracle SQL语言是Oracle数据库管理系统中使用的结构化查询语言（Structured Query Language），用于管理和操作数据库中的数据。Oracle SQL语言是一种功能强大且灵活的语言，提供了丰富的语法和功能，能够满足各种数据管理和分析需求。在Oracle 10g版本中，SQL语言具有以下特点： 1. **数据定义语言（DDL）**：用于定义数据库中的对象，如表、索引、视图、存储过程等。常用的DDL语句包括CREATE、ALTER、DROP等。 2. **数据操作语言（DML）**：用于操作数据库中的数据，如INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE等。 3. **数据查询语言（DQL）**：用于查询数据库中的数据，如SELECT语句。 4. **事务控制语言（TCL）**：用于控制数据库事务的开始、提交和回滚，如COMMIT、ROLLBACK、SAVEPOINT等。 Oracle SQL语言还提供了许多高级功能，如： 1. **子查询**：可以在SELECT语句中嵌套另一个SELECT语句，以便实现复杂的数据查询。 2. **联结**：可以将多个表连接起来，以便实现数据的关联查询。 3. **索引**：可以提高查询速度和效率。 4. **存储过程**：可以将复杂的业务逻辑封装在存储过程中，以便重复使用。 5. **触发器**：可以在特定事件发生时自动执行某些操作，以便实现业务逻辑。 Oracle 10g版本中还引入了一些新的功能，如： 1. ** flashback query**：可以查询数据库在某个时间点的状态。 2. ** flashback table**：可以恢复表中的数据到某个时间点。 3. **XML类型**：可以存储和操作XML数据。 Oracle SQL语言是一个功能强大且灵活的语言，能够满足各种数据管理和分析需求。在Oracle 10g版本中，SQL语言的语法和功能都得到了增强和改进，提供了更多的选项和功能，以便更好地满足用户的需求。在本文档中，我们将对Oracle 10g版本中的SQL语言进行总结和说明，包括数据定义语言、数据操作语言、数据查询语言和事务控制语言等方面的内容，并对一些高级功能和新功能进行介绍。

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ALTER INDEX .................................................................................................................................... 10-64

ALTER INDEXTYPE .......................................................................................................................... 10-82

ALTER JAVA ........................................................................................................................................ 10-84

11 SQL Statements: ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW to ALTER SYSTEM

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW ........................................................................................................ 11-2

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ............................................................................................ 11-15

ALTER OPERATOR ........................................................................................................................... 11-21

ALTER OUTLINE ............................................................................................................................... 11-24

ALTER PACKAGE ............................................................................................................................. 11-26

ALTER PROCEDURE ........................................................................................................................ 11-29

ALTER PROFILE ................................................................................................................................ 11-32

ALTER RESOURCE COST ............................................................................................................... 11-35

ALTER ROLE ....................................................................................................................................... 11-38

ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT ..................................................................................................... 11-40

ALTER SEQUENCE ........................................................................................................................... 11-43

ALTER SESSION ................................................................................................................................ 11-45

Initialization Parameters and ALTER SESSION....................................................................... 11-50

Session Parameters and ALTER SESSION ............................................................................... 11-53

ALTER SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 11-60

Initialization Parameters and ALTER SYSTEM........................................................................ 11-72

System Parameters and ALTER SYSTEM.................................................................................. 11-83

Shared Server Parameters .................................................................................................... 11-83

12 SQL Statements: ALTER TABLE to ALTER TABLESPACE

ALTER TABLE ....................................................................................................................................... 12-2

ALTER TABLESPACE ........................................................................................................................ 12-79

13 SQL Statements: ALTER TRIGGER to COMMIT

ALTER TRIGGER ................................................................................................................................. 13-2

ALTER TYPE ......................................................................................................................................... 13-5

ALTER USER ....................................................................................................................................... 13-18

ALTER VIEW ....................................................................................................................................... 13-25

ANALYZE ............................................................................................................................................ 13-27

ASSOCIATE STATISTICS ................................................................................................................ 13-38

AUDIT .................................................................................................................................................. 13-42

CALL ..................................................................................................................................................... 13-53

COMMENT ......................................................................................................................................... 13-57

COMMIT ............................................................................................................................................. 13-59

14 SQL Statements: CREATE CLUSTER to CREATE JAVA

CREATE CLUSTER .............................................................................................................................. 14-2

CREATE CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................. 14-9

CREATE CONTROLFILE ................................................................................................................. 14-12

CREATE DATABASE ......................................................................................................................... 14-18

CREATE DATABASE LINK ............................................................................................................. 14-31

xvii

CREATE DIMENSION ..................................................................................................................... 14-36

CREATE DIRECTORY ...................................................................................................................... 14-42

CREATE DISKGROUP ..................................................................................................................... 14-44

CREATE FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................ 14-48

CREATE INDEX ................................................................................................................................. 14-58

CREATE INDEXTYPE ....................................................................................................................... 14-81

CREATE JAVA ..................................................................................................................................... 14-84

15 SQL Statements: CREATE LIBRARY to CREATE SPFILE

CREATE LIBRARY ............................................................................................................................... 15-2

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW ..................................................................................................... 15-4

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ......................................................................................... 15-25

CREATE OPERATOR ........................................................................................................................ 15-32

CREATE OUTLINE ............................................................................................................................ 15-35

CREATE PACKAGE ........................................................................................................................... 15-39

CREATE PACKAGE BODY .............................................................................................................. 15-43

CREATE PFILE .................................................................................................................................... 15-47

CREATE PROCEDURE ..................................................................................................................... 15-49

CREATE PROFILE ............................................................................................................................. 15-54

CREATE RESTORE POINT ............................................................................................................. 15-60

CREATE ROLE .................................................................................................................................... 15-63

CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT .................................................................................................. 15-66

CREATE SCHEMA ............................................................................................................................. 15-69

CREATE SEQUENCE ........................................................................................................................ 15-71

CREATE SPFILE ................................................................................................................................. 15-75

16 SQL Statements: CREATE SYNONYM to CREATE TRIGGER

CREATE SYNONYM ........................................................................................................................... 16-2

CREATE TABLE .................................................................................................................................... 16-6

CREATE TABLESPACE ..................................................................................................................... 16-61

CREATE TRIGGER ............................................................................................................................ 16-75

17 SQL Statements: CREATE TYPE to DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT

CREATE TYPE ....................................................................................................................................... 17-3

CREATE TYPE BODY ........................................................................................................................ 17-21

CREATE USER .................................................................................................................................... 17-26

CREATE VIEW .................................................................................................................................... 17-32

DELETE ................................................................................................................................................ 17-43

DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS ........................................................................................................ 17-51

DROP CLUSTER ................................................................................................................................ 17-53

DROP CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................... 17-55

DROP DATABASE ............................................................................................................................. 17-56

DROP DATABASE LINK ................................................................................................................. 17-57

DROP DIMENSION .......................................................................................................................... 17-58

DROP DIRECTORY .......................................................................................................................... 17-59

DROP DISKGROUP ......................................................................................................................... 17-60

xviii

DROP FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................ 17-62

DROP INDEX....................................................................................................................................... 17-64

DROP INDEXTYPE ........................................................................................................................... 17-66

DROP JAVA ......................................................................................................................................... 17-67

DROP LIBRARY ................................................................................................................................. 17-68

DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW........................................................................................................ 17-69

DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ............................................................................................. 17-71

DROP OPERATOR ............................................................................................................................ 17-73

DROP OUTLINE ................................................................................................................................ 17-74

DROP PACKAGE ............................................................................................................................... 17-75

DROP PROCEDURE ......................................................................................................................... 17-77

DROP PROFILE .................................................................................................................................. 17-78

DROP RESTORE POINT ................................................................................................................. 17-79

DROP ROLE ........................................................................................................................................ 17-80

DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT ...................................................................................................... 17-81

SQL Statements: DROP SEQUENCE to ROLLBACK

DROP SEQUENCE .............................................................................................................................. 18-2

DROP SYNONYM ............................................................................................................................... 18-3

DROP TABLE ........................................................................................................................................ 18-5

DROP TABLESPACE ........................................................................................................................... 18-9

DROP TRIGGER................................................................................................................................. 18-12

DROP TYPE ......................................................................................................................................... 18-13

DROP TYPE BODY ............................................................................................................................ 18-15

DROP USER ........................................................................................................................................ 18-16

DROP VIEW ........................................................................................................................................ 18-18

EXPLAIN PLAN .................................................................................................................................. 18-20

FLASHBACK DATABASE ................................................................................................................ 18-23

FLASHBACK TABLE ......................................................................................................................... 18-26

GRANT ................................................................................................................................................. 18-32

INSERT ................................................................................................................................................. 18-51

LOCK TABLE ...................................................................................................................................... 18-68

MERGE ................................................................................................................................................. 18-71

NOAUDIT ............................................................................................................................................ 18-76

PURGE .................................................................................................................................................. 18-80

RENAME .............................................................................................................................................. 18-82

REVOKE ............................................................................................................................................... 18-84

ROLLBACK ......................................................................................................................................... 18-92

19 SQL Statements: SAVEPOINT to UPDATE

SAVEPOINT .......................................................................................................................................... 19-2

SELECT ................................................................................................................................................... 19-4

SET CONSTRAINT[S] ...................................................................................................................... 19-48

SET ROLE ............................................................................................................................................ 19-50

SET TRANSACTION ........................................................................................................................ 19-52

TRUNCATE ......................................................................................................................................... 19-55

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UPDATE ............................................................................................................................................... 19-59

A How to Read Syntax Diagrams

Graphic Syntax Diagrams...................................................................................................................... A-1

Required Keywords and Parameters ............................................................................................ A-2

Optional Keywords and Parameters ............................................................................................. A-3

Syntax Loops...................................................................................................................................... A-3

Multipart Diagrams ......................................................................................................................... A-4

Database Objects .............................................................................................................................. A-4

B Oracle and Standard SQL

ANSI Standards ...................................................................................................................................... B-1

ISO Standards .......................................................................................................................................... B-2

Oracle Compliance To Core SQL:2003................................................................................................. B-3

Oracle Support for Optional Features of SQL/Foundation:2003.................................................... B-8

Oracle Compliance with SQL/CLI:2003 ............................................................................................ B-15

Oracle Compliance with SQL/PSM:2003 .......................................................................................... B-15

Oracle Compliance with SQL/MED:2003 ......................................................................................... B-15

Oracle Compliance with SQL/XML:2005.......................................................................................... B-16

Oracle Compliance with FIPS 127-2 ................................................................................................. B-22

Oracle Extensions to Standard SQL .................................................................................................. B-24

Character Set Support........................................................................................................................... B-24

C Oracle Regular Expression Support

Multilingual Regular Expression Syntax .......................................................................................... C-1

Regular Expression Operator Multilingual Enhancements............................................................ C-2

Perl-influenced Extensions in Oracle Regular Expressions ........................................................... C-3

D Oracle Database Reserved Words

E Examples

Using Extensible Indexing ................................................................................................................... E-1

Using XML in SQL Statements ............................................................................................................ E-8

Index

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