HTML&XHTML第四版袖珍参考手册：英文版

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《HTML&XHTML袖珍参考手册（第4版）》是一本专门针对网页开发语言HTML和其扩展版本XHTML的专业指南。该书籍由Jennifer Niederst Robbins撰写，第四版于2010年出版，适合编程爱好者、网页设计师以及web开发者作为快速查阅和学习这两项技术的实用工具。HTML是超文本标记语言，是构建网页结构和内容的核心，而XHTML则是在HTML基础上加入了XML的语法规则，强调了规范性和可移植性。本书的“Pocket Reference”系列名称表明它是一本便携式的手册，方便在日常工作中随时查阅关键信息。内容涵盖了HTML的基本元素（如`<html>`, `<head>`, `<body>`, `<div>`等）、标签用法、属性设置、表单控制、链接、图像、CSS应用等核心概念。此外，书中还可能包含XHTML的差异性介绍，例如对`<!DOCTYPE>`声明的解释，以及如何确保代码在不同浏览器中的兼容性。第四版更新可能包括了HTML5的新特性，如语义标签、媒体元素、离线存储等现代Web开发的重要内容。同时，随着Web技术的持续发展，书中可能会对响应式设计、移动优先策略、语义化布局等方面有所涉及，以适应不断变化的Web环境。编辑Steven Weiss和Simon St. Laurent对内容进行了审阅，确保了信息的准确性和一致性。生产编辑Loranah Dimant负责整个出版流程的制作，而封面设计、内部设计和插图则由Karen Montgomery、David Futato和Robert Romano等人负责，共同保证了书籍的视觉效果。对于教育机构和个人用户，O'Reilly Media提供了在线版本的选项，通过Safari Books Online提供便捷的访问。版权信息明确指出所有权利归作者Jennifer Niederst Robbins所有，并强调了印刷版本的版权信息、出版日期以及购买和联系信息。《HTML&XHTML袖珍参考手册（第4版）》是一本深入浅出、实用性强的指南，无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中受益，提升对HTML和XHTML的理解和运用能力。

• HTML5 Doctor, Helping you Implement HTML5 today

(html5doctor.com): Articles about HTML5 development

and implementation, curated by Richard Clark, Bruce

Lawson, Tom Leadbetter, Jack Osborne, Mike Robinson,

and Remy Sharp.

XHTML Overview

XHTML 1.0 (eXtensible HyperText Markup Language) is a re-

formulation of HTML 4.01 according to the stricter syntax

rules of XML (eXtensible Markup Language). In other words,

the elements are the same, but there are additional restrictions

for document markup as listed in the next section.

On July 2, 2009, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

officially discontinued the XHTML 2.0 project, focusing its re-

sources instead on HTML5 (which can also be written in XML

syntax). Although no new XHTML specifications are being

developed, XHTML documents will continue to be supported

by popular browsers for the foreseeable future.

How XHTML Differs from HTML

Because XHTML is an XML language, its syntax is stricter and

differs from HTML in these key ways:

• All element names and attributes must be lowercase. For

example, <a href="example.com">...</a>.

• All elements must be terminated—that is, they must in-

clude an end tag. For example, <p>...</p>.

• Empty elements must be terminated as well. This is done

by including a slash at the end of the tag. A space is com-

monly added before the slash for backward compatibility

with older browsers. For example, <hr />, <img />,

<meta />.

• All attribute values must be contained in quotation marks

(either single or double). For example, <td colspan="2">.

8 | HTML and XHTML Pocket Reference

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