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Linux操作系统命令全览
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"Linux命令参考手册,由Red Hat Software, Inc.编纂,提供全面的Linux操作系统命令介绍。"
本文档是Linux操作系统的命令参考手册,由Red Hat Software, Inc.编制,旨在为用户和管理员提供详尽的Linux命令指南。手册的编者包括J.Purcell、Richard K. Swadley、Jordan Gold、Dean Miller、Kitty Wilson Jarrett、Johnna L. Van Hoose、Kelli S. Spencer、Jennifer Pock以及Linda Beckwith等,他们都是在IT领域有深厚经验的专业人士。
Linux是一种自由和开放源代码的操作系统,其核心部分称为Linux内核,由林纳斯·托瓦兹创建。这个操作系统被广泛应用于服务器、嵌入式设备和个人电脑,它的强大和灵活性吸引了全球众多用户和开发者。手册的发布者Red Hat Software, Inc.是一家知名的Linux发行版供应商,其产品如Red Hat Enterprise Linux在企业环境中广泛应用。
该手册的内容可能包括以下几个方面:
1. **命令行基础**:介绍如何在终端中输入和执行命令,解释命令行界面的基本概念和操作。
2. **常用命令**:详细阐述各种常见的Linux命令,如`ls`(列出目录内容)、`cd`(改变当前工作目录)、`mkdir`(创建目录)、`rm`(删除文件或目录)、`cp`(复制文件或目录)、`mv`(移动或重命名文件或目录)等。
3. **文件和目录管理**:涵盖与文件和目录操作相关的命令,如权限管理、查找文件、压缩和解压缩文件等。
4. **软件安装和管理**:讲解如何使用`apt`或`yum`等包管理器来安装、更新和卸载软件。
5. **进程管理**:介绍如何启动、停止、查看和控制运行中的进程,如使用`ps`、`top`和`kill`命令。
6. **网络和I/O操作**:涉及网络配置、数据传输、端口检查等相关命令,如`ping`、`curl`、`netstat`和`ifconfig`。
7. **系统管理和维护**:包括系统日志查看、性能监控、用户和组管理、系统升级等。
8. **脚本编程**:简述如何编写和执行Bash shell脚本,进行自动化任务。
9. **错误和故障排查**:提供处理常见问题和错误的方法,如查看日志文件、使用调试工具等。
10. **索引和附录**:为了方便查找,手册通常会包含一个详细的命令索引,便于用户快速定位所需信息。
请注意,虽然手册提供了丰富的信息,但用户在实际使用时应遵循“小心求证”的原则,因为错误的命令可能会导致数据丢失或系统不稳定。此外,由于Linux系统和命令不断更新,读者应定期查阅最新版本的手册以获取最新的信息和技术。对于商业用途,最好咨询专业人员或查阅官方文档,以确保符合版权规定和最佳实践。
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Linux Complete Command Reference
xvi
gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
getrlimit, getrusage, setrlimit.............................................................................767
getsid ................................................................................................................768
getsockname......................................................................................................769
getsockopt, setsockopt.......................................................................................769
gettimeofday, settimeofday................................................................................772
getuid, geteuid ..................................................................................................773
idle....................................................................................................................774
ioctl...................................................................................................................774
ioperm ..............................................................................................................788
iopl ...................................................................................................................788
ipc.....................................................................................................................789
kill ....................................................................................................................790
killpg.................................................................................................................790
link ...................................................................................................................791
listen .................................................................................................................792
llseek.................................................................................................................793
lseek..................................................................................................................793
mkdir................................................................................................................794
mknod ..............................................................................................................795
mlock................................................................................................................796
mlockall ............................................................................................................797
mmap, munmap ...............................................................................................799
modify_ldt ........................................................................................................800
get_kernel_syms, create_module, init_module, delete_module .........................800
mount, umount ................................................................................................802
mprotect ...........................................................................................................804
mremap ............................................................................................................805
msgctl ...............................................................................................................806
msgget...............................................................................................................807
msgop ...............................................................................................................808
msync ...............................................................................................................811
munlock............................................................................................................811
munlockall........................................................................................................812
nanosleep ..........................................................................................................813
nice ...................................................................................................................814
oldfstat, oldlstat, oldstat, oldolduname, olduname ............................................814
open, creat ........................................................................................................815
outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl.................................................................816
pause.................................................................................................................817
personality ........................................................................................................817
phys ..................................................................................................................818
pipe...................................................................................................................818
profil.................................................................................................................819
ptrace................................................................................................................820
quotactl.............................................................................................................821
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xvii
Introduction
gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
read...................................................................................................................822
readdir ..............................................................................................................823
readlink.............................................................................................................823
readv, writev......................................................................................................824
reboot ...............................................................................................................825
recv, recvfrom, recvmsg.....................................................................................826
rename ..............................................................................................................828
rmdir ................................................................................................................829
sched_get_priority_max, sched_get_priority_min .............................................830
sched_rr_get_interval........................................................................................831
sched_setparam, sched_getparam ......................................................................832
sched_setscheduler, sched_getscheduler ............................................................833
sched_yield .......................................................................................................835
select, FD_CLR, FD_ISSET, FD_SET, FD_ZERO.........................................835
semctl................................................................................................................837
semget...............................................................................................................839
semop ...............................................................................................................840
send, sendto, sendmsg.......................................................................................842
setfsgid..............................................................................................................843
setfsuid..............................................................................................................844
setgid ................................................................................................................845
setpgid, getpgid, setpgrp, getpgrp......................................................................845
setregid, setegid .................................................................................................846
setreuid, seteuid ................................................................................................847
setsid.................................................................................................................848
setuid ................................................................................................................848
setup .................................................................................................................849
shmctl ...............................................................................................................849
shmget ..............................................................................................................851
shmop...............................................................................................................853
shutdown ..........................................................................................................855
sigaction, sigprocmask, sigpending, sigsuspend..................................................855
signal.................................................................................................................857
sigblock, siggetmask, sigsetmask, sigmask..........................................................858
sigpause.............................................................................................................858
sigreturn............................................................................................................859
sigvec ................................................................................................................860
socket................................................................................................................860
socketcall...........................................................................................................862
socketpair..........................................................................................................862
stat, fstat, lstat ...................................................................................................863
statfs, fstatfs.......................................................................................................865
stime .................................................................................................................866
swapon, swapoff................................................................................................866
symlink .............................................................................................................867
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Linux Complete Command Reference
xviii
gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
sync...................................................................................................................869
sysctl .................................................................................................................869
sysfs...................................................................................................................871
sysinfo...............................................................................................................871
syslog ................................................................................................................872
termios, tcgetattr, tcsetattr, tcsendbreak, tcdrain, tcflush, tcflow, cfgetospeed,
cfgetispeed, cfsetispeed, cfsetospeed, tcgetpgrp, tcsetpgrp ...............................874
time ..................................................................................................................878
times .................................................................................................................878
truncate, ftruncate.............................................................................................879
umask ...............................................................................................................880
uname...............................................................................................................880
none..................................................................................................................881
afs_syscall, break, gtty, lock, mpx, prof, quotactl, stty, ustat ..............................881
unlink ...............................................................................................................882
uselib ................................................................................................................883
ustat..................................................................................................................883
utime, utimes ....................................................................................................884
vhangup ............................................................................................................885
vm86 ................................................................................................................885
wait, waitpid .....................................................................................................886
wait3, wait4 ......................................................................................................888
write..................................................................................................................889
Part III Library Functions
Intro .................................................................................................................892
abort .................................................................................................................892
abs ....................................................................................................................892
acos...................................................................................................................893
acosh.................................................................................................................893
alloca.................................................................................................................894
asin ...................................................................................................................894
asinh .................................................................................................................895
assert .................................................................................................................895
atan...................................................................................................................896
atan2.................................................................................................................896
atanh.................................................................................................................897
atexit.................................................................................................................897
atof ...................................................................................................................898
atoi....................................................................................................................898
atol....................................................................................................................899
bcmp.................................................................................................................899
bcopy ................................................................................................................900
bsearch..............................................................................................................900
bcmp, bcopy, bzero, memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memfrob, memmem,
memmove, memset.........................................................................................901
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xix
Introduction
gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs .................................................................................901
bzero .................................................................................................................902
catgets ...............................................................................................................902
catopen, catclose ...............................................................................................903
ceil ....................................................................................................................904
clientlib.............................................................................................................904
clock .................................................................................................................905
closedir..............................................................................................................905
confstr...............................................................................................................906
copysign............................................................................................................907
cos ....................................................................................................................907
cosh ..................................................................................................................908
crypt .................................................................................................................908
ctermid .............................................................................................................909
asctime, ctime, gmtime, localtime, mktime .......................................................909
difftime .............................................................................................................911
div.....................................................................................................................911
drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48,
seed48, lcong48 ..............................................................................................912
drem .................................................................................................................913
ecvt, fcvt ...........................................................................................................913
erf, erfc..............................................................................................................914
execl, execlp, execle, exect, execv, execvp ...........................................................914
errno .................................................................................................................916
exit....................................................................................................................917
exp, log, log10, pow ..........................................................................................917
expm1, log1p ....................................................................................................918
fabs ...................................................................................................................919
fclose.................................................................................................................919
clearerr, feof, ferror, fileno.................................................................................919
fflush, fpurge.....................................................................................................920
ffs......................................................................................................................921
fgetgrent............................................................................................................921
fgetpwent ..........................................................................................................922
floor ..................................................................................................................923
fmod .................................................................................................................923
fnmatch ............................................................................................................924
fopen, fdopen, freopen ......................................................................................924
fpathconf, pathconf...........................................................................................925
fread, fwrite.......................................................................................................926
frexp..................................................................................................................927
fgetpos, fseek, fsetpos, ftell, rewind....................................................................927
ftime .................................................................................................................928
ftok ...................................................................................................................929
ftw ....................................................................................................................930
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Linux Complete Command Reference
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gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
gcvt...................................................................................................................930
getcwd, get_current_dir_name, getwd...............................................................931
getdirentries ......................................................................................................931
getenv ...............................................................................................................932
getgrent, setgrent, endgrent...............................................................................932
getgrnam, getgrgid ............................................................................................933
getlogin, cuserid ................................................................................................934
getmntent, setmntent, addmntent, endmntent, hasmntopt ...............................935
getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent ...........................936
getopt................................................................................................................937
getpass...............................................................................................................940
getprotoent, getprotobyname, getprotobynumber, setprotoent, endprotoent ....941
getpw ................................................................................................................942
getpwent, setpwent, endpwent ..........................................................................943
getpwnam, getpwuid.........................................................................................944
fgetc, fgets, getc, getchar, gets, ungetc ...............................................................944
getservent, getservbyname, getservbyport, setservent, endservent.......................945
getusershell, setusershell, endusershell ...............................................................946
getutent, getutid, getutline, pututline, setutent, endutent, utmpname...............947
getw, putw ........................................................................................................948
glob, globfree ....................................................................................................949
hosts_access, hosts_ctl.......................................................................................950
hcreate, hdestroy, hsearch..................................................................................951
hypot ................................................................................................................953
index, rindex .....................................................................................................953
inet_aton, inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof,
inet_netof.......................................................................................................953
infnan ...............................................................................................................954
initgroups..........................................................................................................955
inndcomm ........................................................................................................956
insque, remque..................................................................................................957
isalnum, isalpha, isascii, isblank, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint,
ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit.....................................................................957
isatty .................................................................................................................958
isinf, isnan, finite ..............................................................................................959
j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn...........................................................................................959
killpg.................................................................................................................960
labs ...................................................................................................................960
ldexp.................................................................................................................961
ldiv....................................................................................................................961
lgamma .............................................................................................................962
libinn ................................................................................................................962
libpbm ..............................................................................................................966
libpgm ..............................................................................................................969
libpnm ..............................................................................................................970
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