Go语言打造实战WEB应用：入门到精通指南

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"用GO创建WEB APP：入门与实践指南" 在这个教程中，我们将深入探讨如何使用Go语言（Golang）构建Web应用程序，特别适合那些刚接触Go的新手，以及对Web开发有一定基础的读者。Go因其简洁易学的特性，在Web开发领域备受青睐，即使在教程尚未完成的部分，开源出版的优势也使得读者仍能从中获取价值。首先，你需要确保你的环境已经设置好： 1. 安装了Go编程语言，这是所有工作的基础。你可以从官方下载并按照文档进行安装。 2. 配置了GOPATH，这有助于管理你的Go项目结构。可以参考《如何编写Go代码》教程来设置。 3. 对Go的基本概念有所了解，Go Tour是一个很好的起点，它可以帮助你快速上手语言的核心概念。接下来的步骤将主要依赖Go标准库的功能，但也涉及一些第三方包，如数据库操作、中间件处理、URL路由和控制器设计。这些内容将逐步展开： - 基础结构：我们将从创建简单的HTTP服务器和响应开始，学习如何使用`net/http`包处理HTTP请求和响应。 - 响应和模板渲染：通过`html/template`包，你将学会如何动态生成HTML内容，以展示在网页上。 - 路由与控制器：理解如何使用`net/http`的`ServeMux`来组织和处理不同URL路径，以及创建自定义的控制器来处理业务逻辑。 - 数据库集成：尽管主要依赖标准库，但你可能需要了解如何使用`database/sql`和相应的数据库驱动（如MySQL、PostgreSQL等）来存储和检索数据。 - 第三方库的使用：如需高级功能，例如认证、缓存或错误处理，可能需要引入像`gorilla/mux`这样的第三方包。在开发过程中，Heroku是一个重要的平台，因为它提供了部署Go应用的便捷方式。你需要安装Heroku Toolbelt，并创建一个Heroku账户，以便将你的Web应用部署到云端。这个教程旨在以实战为主，让你在轻松愉快的环境中掌握Go Web开发的关键技能。随着教程的深入，你会感受到Go语言的效率和乐趣，逐渐从初学者成长为专业人士。记住，尽管部分内容尚未完成，但开源社区的支持和不断完善的资源会让你的旅程充满收获。

Implementors of this interface are expected to inspect and process data coming from the http.Request object and write out

a response to the http.ResponseWriter object.

The http.ResponseWriter interface looks like this:

type ResponseWriter interface {

Header() Header

Write([]byte) (int, error)

WriteHeader(int)

}

Because much of the net/http package is built off of well defined interface types, we can (and are expected to) build our

web applications with composition in mind. Each http.Handler implementation can be thought of as it's own web server.

Many patterns can be found in that simple but powerful assumption. Throughout this book we will cover some of these

patterns and how we can use them to solve real world problems.

Let's solve a real world problem in 1 line of code.

Most of the time people just need to serve static files. Maybe you have a static HTML landing page and just want to serve

up some HTML, images, and CSS and call it a day. Sure, you could pull in apache or Python's SimpleHTTPServer , but

Apache is too much for this little site and SimpleHTTPServer is, well, too slow.

We will begin by creating a new project in our GOPATH .

cd GOPATH/src

mkdir fileserver && cd fileserver

Create a main.go with our typical go boilerplate.

package main

import "net/http"

func main() {

}

All we need to import is the net/http package for this to work. Remember that this is all part of the standard library in Go.

Let's write our fileserver code:

http.ListenAndServe(":8080", http.FileServer(http.Dir(".")))

The http.ListenAndServe function is used to start the server, it will bind to the address we gave it ( :8080 ) and when it

receives an HTTP request, it will hand it off to the http.Handler that we supply as the second argument. In our case it is the

built-in http.FileServer .

The http.FileServer function builds an http.Handler that will serve an entire directory of files and figure out which file to

serve based on the request path. We told the FileServer to serve the current working directory with http.Dir(".") .

Composing Web Services

Exercise: 1 Line File Server

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