SIMetrix SPICE模拟器参考手册：历史与使用指南

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SIMPLIS REF是一份详细的SIMetrix模拟器参考手册，由SIMetrix Technologies Ltd.于1992年至2008年期间发布。该手册涵盖了SIMetrix仿真软件的主要特性、操作方法以及版权信息。SIMetrix是一款功能强大的SPICE（Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis）模拟工具，它专注于混合模式模拟仿真，适用于电路设计中的高级分析。在第一章“Introduction”中，作者回顾了SPICE的历史，强调了SIMetrix在模拟技术领域的地位。SIMetrix以其直观易用的界面和对传统SPICE的强大支持而著称，允许用户通过SIMetrix Schematic Editor进行操作。在“Running the Simulator”部分，手册详细指导用户如何在SIMetrix环境中运行模拟。用户可以利用SIMetrix编辑器添加额外的网列表行，显示网络和引脚名称，以及修改设备参数。特别提到的快捷键shift+F7用于编辑文字值，提高了效率。非图形用户界面（non-GUI mode）的使用也有详尽的介绍，包括命令行语法、中断操作、数据读取以及配置设置。章节进一步讨论了网列表格式、文件格式、语言声明和注释的重要性，确保用户能正确地编写和理解模拟电路的输入。此外，手册还着重讲解了设备线路（Device Lines），这是电路描述的关键组成部分，以及模拟器控制，这些控制选项允许用户定制模拟过程的不同方面。总体而言，SIMPLIS REF是为SIMetrix用户提供全面指南的资源，无论是新用户还是经验丰富的工程师都能从中获益，了解如何有效地利用这款模拟工具进行精确和高效的电路仿真。通过阅读这份手册，用户可以掌握从启动到执行模拟的完整流程，以及如何解析和优化模拟结果。

Simulator Reference Manual

startup.ini file. Add a value called SimConfig to the [Startup]

section and give it a value of:

PATH;pathname

The startup.ini file must be located in the same directory as the

SIMetrix executable binary. (SIMetrix.exe on Windows,

SIMetrix on Linux). See the User’s Manual for more

information on the startup.ini file.

Note that the /config switch if present must always appear

before the first argument to the command.

mode Mode of operation. Default = -1. Valid values are -1, 0, 1 and 2

but only -1 and 1 are meaningful for stand-alone operation. 0

and 2 are used when starting the simulator process from the

front end. -1 (same as omitting /gui) runs the simulator in

console mode with all messages output to the console or

terminal window. 1 enables GUI mode where the simulator runs

in a stand-alone mode but displays a graphical status box

showing messages and simulator progress. This mode is used by

the ‘asynchronous’ menus in the front end.

analysis_line If /an switch is specified, analysis_line specifies the analysis to

be performed and overrides all analysis lines specified in the

netlist.

list_filename Name of list file. Default is main netlist file name with

extension .OUT. Enclose path name in quotes if it contains

spaces.

options List of options valid for .OPTIONS control.

netlist_file File name of netlist.

data_file File to receive binary data output.

/check If specified, the netlist will be read in and parsed but no

simulation will be run. Used to check syntax

/nolist If specified, no list file will be created

/lowPriority If specified, the simulator will be run as a low priority process,

i.e. in the background. Recommended for long runs.

/nodata Only vectors explicitly specified using .KEEP or .PRINT will

be output to the binary file. Equivalent to ‘.KEEP /nov /noi

/nodig’ in the netlist.

/k If specified, the program will not finally terminate until the user

has pressed enter and a message to that effect will be displayed.

Under Windows, if the program is not called from the DOS

prompt but from another program, a console will be created for

receiving messages. The console will close when the program

exits sometimes before the user has had a chance to read the

messages. This switch delays the exit of the program and hence

the destruction of the console.

Chapter 2 Running the Simulator

Aborting

Press cntrl-C - you will be asked to confirm. The simulation will be paused while

waiting for your response and will continue if you enter ‘No’. This is an effective

means of pausing the run if you need CPU cycles for another task, or you wish to copy

the data file. See “Reading Data” below.

Reading Data

A data file will be created for the simulation results as normal (see “The Binary Data

File” on page 24). You can read this file with the waveform viewer using the Load

Data menu. However, it is strongly recommended that the simulation is paused first by

pressing cntrl-C.

Important: if you read the data file before the simulation is complete or aborted, the file

entries that provide the size of each vector will not have been filled. This means that

the waveform viewer will have to scan the whole file in order to establish the size of

the vectors. This could take a considerable time if the data file is large.

Configuration Settings

Configuration settings consist of a number of persistent global options as well as the

locations for installed model libraries.

When the simulator is run in GUI mode, its configuration settings are controlled by the

front end and stored wherever the front ends settings are stored. See the User's Manual

for more details.

The settings when run in non-GUI mode are stored in a configuration file which in fact

defaults to the same location as the default location for the front end’s settings. You can

change this location using the /config switch detailed above (page 15)

The format of the configuration file is:

[Options]

option_settings

[Models]

model_libraries

Where:

option_settings These are of the form name=value and specify

a number of global settings. Boolean values are

of the form name= without a value. If the entry

is present it is TRUE if absent it is FALSE.

Available global settings are detailed below.

model_libraries A list of entries specifying search locations for

model libraries. These are of the form

name=value where name is a string and value

is a search location. The string used for name

is arbitrary but must be unique. Entries are

Chapter 2 Running the Simulator

Data Buffering

The simulator buffers data before writing it to disk. By doing so the binary data file can

be organised more efficiently allowing data to be recovered from it quickly. There is a

relationship between buffer size and read in time as illustrated by the following table.

This shows the time taken to read in a 14MByte vector from a 1GByte data file with

the system disk cache cleared. The tests were performed with three different buffer

sizes on two different systems. One system was a relatively old notebook computer

with an IDE disk system. The other was a modern machine with a high performance

SCSI Ultra 320 disk.

Note that the buffer size referred to in the above table is for each vector.

By default, the simulator won't allocate more than 10% of your system RAM to vector

buffers. Clearly if you are running a large circuit and saving many vectors, the buffer

sizes could reduce to levels that would make data retrieval very slow. In this case you

may wish to consider increasing the memory that is allowed for these buffers. Two

configuration settings control the vector buffering. These are:

• MaxVectorBufferSize. This sets the maximum size that will be used for any

individual vector. The default is 32768 bytes. If you have a high performance

SCSI disk system, you may benefit from increasing this value

• TotalVectorBufferSize. This sets the maximum amount of memory in bytes used

for all buffers. It defaults to a value equal to 10% of your system RAM. This is

usually sufficient for most applications but if you are simulating a very large

circuit and have sufficient RAM you may like to increase this value

The disk will not be written to until the buffers are full. With an all analog circuit all

the buffers reach their full state at the same time so they all get written to disk at the

same time. If you have 2G of RAM and are simulating a large circuit, approximately

200M of data will be written to the disk at regular intervals. This will result in a pause

in the simulation coupled with a great deal of disk activity.

Note that both MaxVectorBufferSize and TotalVectorBufferSize may be set from the

front end using the Set command. See the User’s Manual for details.

System Buffer size Read time

IDE 32768 (default) 8.1 secs

250K 3.1 secs

1 Meg 2.8 secs

Ultra 320 32768 (default) 4.1 secs

250K 0.75 secs

1Meg 0.23 secs

Simulator Reference Manual

Netlist Format

The SIMetrix netlist format follows the general format used for all SPICE and SPICE

compatible simulators. However, with so many SPICE derivatives and with two

significantly different versions of SPICE itself (SPICE 2 and SPICE 3) it is not

possible to define a standard SPICE format. SIMetrix has been developed to be as

compatible as possible with model libraries that can be obtained from external sources.

For discrete devices, models are usually SPICE 2 compatible but some use extensions

originally developed for PSpice. IC designers usually receive model files from

fabrication companies and these tend to be developed for Star-Hspice. SIMetrix is

compatible with all of these but simultaneous compatibility with all formats is not

technically possible due to a small number of syntax details - such as the character

used for in line comments. To overcome these minor difficulties, a language

declaration can be placed at the top of the netlist and any file included using .INC

(page 204) or the Star-Hspice variant of .LIB (page 207). This is described in the

following sections.

File Format

A complete netlist consists of:

• A title line

• Optional language declaration

• Device lines

• Control lines

• Comment lines

The title line must be the first line of the file and may be empty. The remaining lines -

with some exceptions - may be placed in any order

All other lines are defined by their first non-whitespace character as follows.

• Control lines begin with a period: '.'

• Comment lines begin with an asterix: '*'

• Device lines begin with a letter

A line is usually terminated with a new line character but may be continued using the

'+' continuation character. So if the first non-whitespace character is a '+' the line will

be considered to be an extension of the previous line. SPICE requires the '+' to be the

first character, SIMetrix allows whitespace (space or tab) to precede it.

Language Declaration

SIMetrix is able to read PSpice, Star-Hspice and native SIMetrix netlists, but in

some cases needs to be instructed what format netlist it is reading. Currently there are

three areas where simultaneous compatibility has not been possible. These are:

• Inline comment character.

• Unlabelled device parameters

• The meaning of LOG() and PWR() functions

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SIMetrix SPICE模拟器参考手册：历史与使用指南

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