Xamarin.Forms：跨平台C#开发移动应用指南

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《Xamarin.Forms之移动跨平台开发(英文版)》是一本专为.NET程序员设计的宝贵指南，特别是那些希望涉足移动应用开发但对Java和Swift不熟悉的开发者。这本书由微软官方出品，作为开源项目，意味着它完全免费，对于寻求扩大技术栈、减少学习曲线的开发者来说，是一个难得的机会。书中作者Charles Petzold，以其在Windows开发领域的权威著称，例如他的经典著作《Programming Windows》，在本书中延续了他的高水准，针对iOS、Android和Windows平台，通过Xamarin.Forms提供了一种全新的跨平台开发解决方案。Xamarin.Forms允许.NET开发者使用C#语言编写一次代码，实现多平台应用的无缝整合，包括Android、iOS、Windows Phone、Windows RT等。该书不仅涵盖了Xamarin.Forms的基本原理和技术，还深入探讨了如何利用这个框架创建功能完备的移动应用。书中可能包含丰富的示例代码，帮助读者理解如何在C#中实现UI设计、数据绑定、网络请求和响应式编程等核心功能。此外，由于是微软官方出版，读者可以期待得到官方的技术支持，并且可以在Microsoft Press网站上获取最新的更新和资源。值得注意的是，本书版权归Xamarin, Inc.所有，未经许可不得复制或传播内容。如果你在阅读过程中遇到任何问题或想要分享你的读后感，可以通过电子邮件联系Microsoft Press Support，反馈通道为mspinput@microsoft.com。同时，作者的观点和信息可能会随着技术和市场变化而更新，部分示例可能是虚构的，读者不应将其视为实际应用场景的直接参考。《Xamarin.Forms之移动跨平台开发(英文版)》是.NET开发者进入移动应用开发领域的一个理想起点，无论是为了扩展职业技能还是寻找高效的跨平台开发策略，这本书都是值得一读的宝贵资源。

Introduction

This is the third version of a book about writing applications with Xamarin.Forms, the exciting mobile

development platform for iOS, Android, and Windows unveiled by Xamarin in May 2014. (The first two

versions of this book were Preview Editions.) Xamarin.Forms lets you write shared user-interface code

in C# and XAML (the Extensible Application Markup Language) that maps to native controls on these

platforms.

The Windows support of Xamarin.Forms includes the Windows Runtime (WinRT) for targeting

Windows 8.1 and Windows Phone 8.1 devices, and the Universal Windows Platform (UWP), which is a

form of the Windows Runtime that targets Windows 10 and Windows 10 Mobile devices with a single

program.

The two previous versions of this book were called Preview Editions because they were not com-

plete. At 1200 pages, this is the first edition that can claim to be complete, even though several topics

are not included and Xamarin.Forms continues to be progressively enhanced with no sign of slowing

down.

All information about this book can be found on the book’s home page at:

https://developer.xamarin.com/r/xamarin-forms/book/

Who should read this book

This book is for C# programmers who want to write applications using a single code base that targets

the three most popular mobile platforms: iOS, Android, and Windows, encompassing the Universal

Windows Platform and Windows Phone.

Xamarin.Forms also has applicability for those programmers who eventually want to use C# and the

Xamarin.iOS and Xamarin.Android libraries to target the native application programming interfaces

(APIs) of these platforms. Xamarin.Forms can be a big help in getting programmers started with these

platforms or in constructing a prototype or proof-of-concept application.

This book assumes that you know C# and are familiar with the use of the .NET Framework. How-

ever, when I discuss some C# and .NET features that might be somewhat exotic or unfamiliar to recent

C# programmers, I adopt a somewhat slower pace.

Introduction xvii

Conventions and features in this book

This book has just a few typographical conventions:

 All programming elements referenced in the text—including classes, methods, properties, varia-

ble names, etc.—are shown in a monospaced font, such as the StackLayout class.

 Items that appear in the user interface of Visual Studio or Xamarin Studio, or the applications

discussed in these chapters, appear in boldface, such as the Add New Project dialog.

 Application solutions and projects also appear in boldface, such as MonkeyTap.

The various editions of this book

This book is intended as a tutorial to learn Xamarin.Forms programming. It is not a replacement for the

online API documentation, which can be found at the Xamarin.Forms Framework link on this page:

https://developer.xamarin.com/api/

The first Preview Edition of this book was published in October 2014 to coincide with the Xamarin

Evolve 2014 conference. It contained six chapters but no coverage of XAML.

This second Preview Edition was reconceived to contain shorter and more focused chapters. The

sixteen chapters of the second Preview Edition were published in April 2015 to coincide with the

Microsoft Build 2015 conference. Over the next six months, eight more chapters were published online,

bringing the total to 24.

This edition has 27 chapters and is being published to coincide with the Xamarin Evolve 2016 con-

ference taking place April 24–28, 2016. But the deadline for this book is about a month earlier than

Evolve, and several topics did not make it into this edition. These include maps, ControlTemplate,

DataTemplateSelector, the Margin property, and CarouselView. Of the classes that derive from

GestureRecognizer, only TapGestureRecognizer is covered, and not PanGestureRecognizer or

PinchGestureRecognizer. Although RelativeLayout dates from the very first release of Xama-

rin.Forms, somehow it never made it into this book.

Between the second Preview Edition and this edition, a big change occurred for the Windows plat-

forms: The sample programs no longer support the Silverlight API of Windows Phone 8.0. Instead, all

the sample programs support the Universal Windows Platform for targeting Windows 10 and Windows

10 Mobile, and the Windows Runtime for targeting Windows 8.1 and Windows Phone 8.1.

However, there was insufficient time to update this book’s sample programs and screenshots to re-

flect Android AppCompat and Material Design, which is expected to be supported in a forthcoming

Visual Studio and Xamarin Studio project template for Xamarin.Forms.

Introduction xviii

For updates and additions to this edition, check the Xamarin webpage devoted to this book.

System requirements

This book assumes that you’ll be using Xamarin.Forms to write applications that simultaneously target

all the supported mobile platforms—iOS, Android, the Universal Windows Platform, and perhaps

Windows Phone 8.1 as well. However, it’s possible that some readers will be targeting only one or two

platforms in their Xamarin.Forms solutions. The platforms you target govern your hardware and soft-

ware requirements. For targeting iOS devices, you’ll need a Mac installed with Apple Xcode and the

Xamarin Platform, which includes Xamarin Studio. For targeting any of the Windows platforms, you’ll

need Visual Studio 2015 on a PC, and you’ll need to have installed the Xamarin Platform.

However, you can also use Visual Studio on the PC to target iOS devices through a Wi-Fi-accessible

Mac installed with Xcode and the Xamarin Platform. You can target Android devices from Visual Studio

on the PC or from Xamarin Studio on the Mac.

Chapter 1, “How does Xamarin.Forms fit in?” has more details on the various configurations you can

use and resources for additional information and support. My setup for creating this book consisted of

a Microsoft Surface Pro 2 (with external monitor, keyboard, and mouse) installed with Visual Studio

2015 and the Xamarin Platform, connected by Wi-Fi with a MacBook Pro installed with Xcode and the

Xamarin Platform.

Most of the screenshots in this book show an iPhone, an Android phone, and a Windows 10 Mobile

device in that order. The three devices shown in these screenshots reflect my setup and hardware:

 The iPhone 6 simulator on the MacBook Pro running iOS 8.2

 An LG Nexus 5 running Android 6.0.1

 A Nokia Lumia 925 running Windows 10 Mobile

Additional screenshots use an iPad Air 2 simulator, a Microsoft Surface Pro 3 running Windows 10 in

tablet mode, a Windows 10 Mobile phone running a program targeting Windows Phone 8.1, and the

Windows 10 desktop running a program targeting Windows 8.1.

Some of the early triple screenshots in this book used devices with somewhat earlier versions of the

operating systems, for example Android 5.0 or 5.1. Although I tried to use real devices for all the

Android and Windows screenshots, in the interests of expediency some Windows Phone and Windows

10 Mobile screenshots were taken with a Windows 10 Mobile emulator.

Introduction xx

When you create a new Xamarin.Forms solution using Visual Studio or Xamarin Studio, a version of

the Xamarin.Forms package becomes part of that solution. However, that might not be the latest

Xamarin.Forms version available from NuGet. You’ll probably want to update that package to the most

recent version.

Also, the source code for this book that is stored on GitHub does not include the actual NuGet

packages. Xamarin Studio will automatically download them when you load the solution, but by de-

fault Visual Studio will not.

In Visual Studio, you can handle both these jobs by right-clicking the solution name in the Solution

Explorer and selecting Manage NuGet Packages for Solution. The Manage Packages for Solution

dialog lets you download and restore the NuGet packages and to update them.

In Xamarin Studio, the process is somewhat more automatic, but you can also use the Update

NuGet Packages and Restore NuGet Packages options on the Project menu.

Some of the projects contain references to libraries in the Libraries folder of the sample code. You’ll

want to load those library solutions into Visual Studio or Xamarin Studio separately and restore (or up-

date) the NuGet packages. Then load projects referencing these libraries.

Acknowledgments

It’s always seemed peculiar to me that authors of programming books are sometimes better known to

programmers than the people who actually created the product that is the subject of the book! The

real brains behind Xamarin.Forms are Jason Smith, Eric Maupin, Stephane Delcroix, Seth Rosetter, Rui

Marinho, Chris King, E.Z. Hart, Samantha Houts, Paul DiPietro, and interim product manager Bryan

Hunter. Congratulations, guys! We’ve been enjoying the fruits of your labor!

Over the months that these various editions of the book were in progress, I have benefited from

valuable feedback, corrections, and edits from several people. This book wouldn’t exist without the col-

laboration of Bryan Costanich at Xamarin and Devon Musgrave at Microsoft Press. Both Bryan and

Craig Dunn at Xamarin read some of my drafts of early chapters and managed to persuade me to take

a somewhat different approach to the material. Later on, Craig kept me on track and reviewed the

chapters while John Meade did the copyediting. For the first Preview Edition, Stephane Delcroix at

Xamarin and Andy Wigley with Microsoft offered essential technical reads and persistently prodded me

to make the book better. Rui Marinho was often willing to explore technical questions that I had.

Reader Albert Mata found a number of typos. Microsoft’s copyeditor for the second Preview Edition

and this edition was John Pierce.

Almost nothing I do these days would be possible without the daily companionship and support of

my wife, Deirdre Sinnott.

Charles Petzold

March 21, 2016

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