微波辅助合成Cu-2（FexZn1-x）SnS4纳米晶：性能研究

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"这篇研究论文详细探讨了使用微波辅助溶剂热法制备Cu-2（FexZn1-x）SnS4纳米晶的过程及其性质。通过多种分析手段，如X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和紫外可见光谱，研究人员深入研究了纳米晶体的结构、尺寸和光学特性。实验结果显示，这种合成方法能够得到单一相位且化学计量比准确的Cu-2（FexZn1-x）SnS4纳米晶。纳米晶体的平均尺寸随着铁(Zn)的比例(x)增加而增大，同时其带隙随着x的增加而减小。这项工作发表于2014年，由日本粉末技术学会支持，并由Elsevier BV和日本粉末技术学会出版。" 文章详细介绍了采用微波辅助溶剂热法来合成新型半导体材料Cu-2（FexZn1-x）SnS4纳米晶的方法。这种方法利用微波能量加速反应，使得在溶剂热条件下可以更有效地制备出纳米晶体。微波辅助溶剂热法是一种高效、节能的合成策略，它能在温和的条件下快速形成高纯度和均匀粒径的纳米材料。 Cu-2（FexZn1-x）SnS4纳米晶的性能通过多种表征技术进行了详尽研究。X射线衍射(XRD)用于确定样品的晶体结构和相纯度，结果显示这些纳米晶体为单一相，并且具有化学计量组成。拉曼光谱则提供了关于材料内部振动模式的信息，有助于理解材料的结构特征。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)用于观察纳米晶体的形貌和尺寸分布，结果显示平均晶体尺寸随着铁(Zn)比例(x)的增加而增大，这可能影响到材料的光电性能。紫外可见光谱分析则揭示了材料的光学性质，特别是其带隙，发现带隙随着x的增加而减小，这表明材料的光电响应范围有所变化。这些发现对于理解和优化Cu-2（FexZn1-x）SnS4纳米晶的光电性能至关重要，因为带隙大小直接影响其在太阳能电池、光电催化和光电器件等应用中的性能。通过调整铁和锌的比例，可以设计出具有特定带隙特性的材料，以适应不同的应用需求。因此，这项研究不仅展示了微波辅助溶剂热法制备纳米晶体的有效性，也为未来开发新型多功能纳米材料提供了新的途径。

Original Research Paper

Synthesis and properties of Cu

(Fe

1x

)SnS

nanocrystals by

microwave irradiation assisted solvothermal method

Wei Wang

, Honglie Shen

a,b,

⇑

, Jieyi Chen

, Weilong Chen

, Xiancong He

College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, China

Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion,

Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China

College of Materials Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China

article info

Article history:

Received 18 July 2014

Received in revised form 7 October 2014

Accepted 10 October 2014

Available online 22 October 2014

Keywords:

(Fe

1x

)SnS

Nanocrystals

Microwave irradiation assisted

solvothermal method

Band gaps

abstract

In this paper, Cu

(Fe

1x

)SnS

nanocrystals were synthesized by a microwave irradiation assisted

solvothermal method. The properties of Cu

(Fe

1x

)SnS

nanocrystals were studied by X-ray diffrac-

tion, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and

UV–vis spectroscopy. The results showed that as-synthesized Cu

(Fe

1x

)SnS

nanocrystals had a single

phase and stoichiometric composition. The average crystalline size increased with increasing x. More-

over, the band gaps of Cu

(Fe

1x

)SnS

nanocrystals decreased with increasing x.

Ó 2014 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. and The Society of Powder

1. Introduction

In recent years, the energy crisis has forced people to ﬁnd clean

and renewable energy. Solar energy is one of the most ideal renew-

able energy. Solar cells can convert sunlight to electricity. How-

ever, the cost of traditional crystalline silicon solar cells is high.

As a result, the low-cost and novel solar cell materials such as

Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)

,Cu

ZnSnS

(CZTS), and Cu

FeSnS

, are attracting

widespread interest. Particularly, CZTS has garnered considerable

interest, which contains earth-abundant, low-cost, and nontoxic

elements and retain the similar structure to Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)

. More-

over, Cu

ZnSnS

has an optical band gap (1.5 eV) and a large

absorption coefﬁcient (>10

1

) [1]. Furthermore, according to

the Shockley–Queisser photon balance calculations, the theoretical

limit for Cu

ZnSnS

thin ﬁlm solar cells is nearly 32.2% [2].

Various methods have been used to prepare Cu

ZnSnS

thin

ﬁlms for solar cells. Shin et al. [3] reported that 8.4% efﬁciency Cu

ZnSnS

solar cell was fabricated by co-evaporation deposition

method. However, the deposition technique generally requires

high vacuum system increasing preparation cost. In contrast,

non-vacuum based approaches can provide low-cost routes to

ZnSnS

solar cells. These non-vacuum based approaches

include spray pyrolysis [4], electrodeposition [5], sol–gel method

[6], hydrazine-based processing [7], nanocrystals-based approach

[8], etc. Among these non-vacuum methods, Wang et al. [7] fabri-

cated Cu

ZnSn(S,Se)

thin ﬁlm solar cells with 12.6% by hydrazine-

based processing. However, hydrazine is highly toxic and reactive,

and requires extreme caution during handling and storage. Xin

et al. [8] reported a molecular precursor approach using non-toxic

solvent DMSO to prepare CZTS thin ﬁlm and resulting in a solar cell

with 8.3% efﬁciency. Recently, nanocrystals-based approach has

obtained more and more attention, due to its many advantages.

This method can easily to fabricate solar cells at a large scale com-

bined with roll-to-roll, printing, and casting. Moreover, this

method can control phase formation because it enables phase for-

mation to occur prior to ﬁlm deposition. Miskin et al. [9] prepared

9% efﬁciency Cu

ZnSn(S,Se)

solar cells from selenized nanoparti-

cles inks. This method could avoid using high toxic hydrazine,

but is required to prepare high quality Cu

ZnSnS

nanoparticles.

At present, the main methods to prepare Cu

ZnSnS

nanoparticles

include hot injection [10], solvothermal [11], mechanochemical

[12], and microwave irradiation [13]. Among these methods,

microwave irradiation offers great advantages such as high reac-

tion rate, higher yield and better reproducibility of product.

At present, many researchers have indicated that Se incorpora-

tion is an effective way to tailor the band gap and improve solar

cells efﬁciency [14]. However, the approaches to tune band gap

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2014.10.009

⇑

Corresponding author at: College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing

University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, China.

Tel./fax: +86 25 52112626.

E-mail address: hlshen@nuaa.edu.cn (H. Shen).

Advanced Powder Technology 26 (2015) 275–279

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Advanced Powder Technology

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apt

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