Shell脚本实战精华:从入门到精通100例

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"这是一份关于shell脚本编程的学习资料,包含了100个实例,适合初学者逐步学习和进阶。从简单的“hello world”脚本到复杂的实际应用场景,如创建用户、定期备份、自动化部署和系统监控等。通过这些实例,读者可以深入理解shell脚本的核心概念和技巧,并提升在实际工作中解决问题的能力。" 在这份资源中,我们可以学习到以下关键的shell脚本知识点: 1. **基础语法与注释**:每个脚本以`#!/bin/bash`作为开头,声明使用bash解释器。脚本中的`echo`命令用于打印输出,而`#`则用于添加注释。 2. **位置参数**:脚本中的`$1`, `$2`等表示执行脚本时传递的参数,例如在创建用户脚本中,`$1`和`$2`分别代表新用户的用户名和密码。 3. **命令行工具的使用**:如`useradd`用于创建用户,`passwd`用于设置密码,`date`用于获取当前日期,`tar`用于打包和压缩文件,`cron`用于设置定时任务。 4. **字符串处理与变量**:`date+%Y%m%d`用来格式化当前日期,`$(command)`用于命令替换,获取命令的输出结果。`if`条件语句用于判断,如检查内存和硬盘剩余空间。 5. **流程控制**:`while`循环用于持续监控系统状态,当满足特定条件时执行操作,如发送报警邮件。 6. **系统管理**:通过`yum`进行软件包管理,例如安装和启动HTTPD、MariaDB服务,并设置开机启动。 7. **脚本调试与优化**:学习如何通过脚本实现自动化任务,提高工作效率,以及如何处理可能出现的问题,如确保脚本的错误处理和容错性。 8. **环境变量与函数**:虽然示例中没有直接涉及,但通常在更复杂的脚本中,会用到环境变量和自定义函数来封装和重用代码。 9. **邮件通知**:利用`mail`命令发送报警邮件,实现远程通知功能,这是系统管理中的一个重要实践。 通过这些实例,你可以系统地学习shell脚本的基本结构、控制结构、系统调用和实用技巧,从而能够编写出自己的脚本来解决实际问题。在学习过程中,结合实际场景理解和应用这些知识点,将有助于你快速掌握shell脚本编程。
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Shell脚本高级编程教程,希望对你有所帮助。 Example 10-23. Using continue N in an actual task: 1 # Albert Reiner gives an example of how to use "continue N": 2 # --------------------------------------------------------- 3 4 # Suppose I have a large number of jobs that need to be run, with 5 #+ any data that is to be treated in files of a given name pattern in a 6 #+ directory. There are several machines that access this directory, and 7 #+ I want to distribute the work over these different boxen. Then I 8 #+ usually nohup something like the following on every box: 9 10 while true 11 do 12 for n in .iso.* 13 do 14 [ "$n" = ".iso.opts" ] && continue 15 beta=${n#.iso.} 16 [ -r .Iso.$beta ] && continue 17 [ -r .lock.$beta ] && sleep 10 && continue 18 lockfile -r0 .lock.$beta || continue 19 echo -n "$beta: " `date` 20 run-isotherm $beta 21 date 22 ls -alF .Iso.$beta 23 [ -r .Iso.$beta ] && rm -f .lock.$beta 24 continue 2 25 done 26 break 27 done 28 29 # The details, in particular the sleep N, are particular to my 30 #+ application, but the general pattern is: 31 32 while true 33 do 34 for job in {pattern} 35 do 36 {job already done or running} && continue 37 {mark job as running, do job, mark job as done} 38 continue 2 39 done 40 break # Or something like `sleep 600' to avoid termination. 41 done 42 43 # This way the script will stop only when there are no more jobs to do 44 #+ (including jobs that were added during runtime). Through the use 45 #+ of appropriate lockfiles it can be run on several machines 46 #+ concurrently without duplication of calculations [which run a couple 47 #+ of hours in my case, so I really want to avoid this]. Also, as search 48 #+ always starts again from the beginning, one can encode priorities in 49 #+ the file names. Of course, one could also do this without `continue 2', 50 #+ but then one would have to actually check whether or not some job 51 #+ was done (so that we should immediately look for the next job) or not 52 #+ (in which case we terminate or sleep for a long time before checking 53 #+ for a new job).