第 3 3 卷第6 期
2 0 1 0 年 1 2 月
大气科学学报
Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences
Vol 33 N o 6
Dec . 2010
纪晓玲,冯建民,穆建华,等.宁夏北部一次短时暴雨中尺度对流系统的特征分析[J].大气科学学报,2010,33(6) :711-718.
Ji Xiao-ling, Feng Jian-min, Mu Jian-hua , et al . Analysis on characteristics of mesoscale convective system during a short-term rainstorm process in
north of Ningxia[ J]. Trans Atmos Sci,2010,33(6) .711-718.
宁夏北部一次短时暴雨中尺度对流系统的特征分析
纪 晓 玲 u ,3 ,冯 建 民 1 ,穆 建 华 3 ,辛 尧 胜 3 ,马 筛 艳 4 ,聂 晶 鑫 3
(1 .宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,宁夏银川750002;2 . 中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京
3 .宁夏气象台,宁夏银川75Q002;4 .宁夏气象服务中心,宁夏银川750002)
100081 ;
摘要:利用自动站、闪电定位信息、多普勒雷达、卫星黑体亮温等气象资料,对 20 08 年 7 月 1 8 日夜间
宁夏石炭井的短时暴雨天气进行了分析。结果表明:此次单站短时暴雨是在“西高东低”的环流背景
下,受东北冷滿后部横槽和低值系统影响,由两个相对较强的对流单体先后影响而后合并维持造成
的。中尺度对流系统在宁夏北部持续时间近6 h ,云顶亮温梯度最大值维持在石炭井一带;对应3 次
强降水时段,雷达回波强度、回波顶高、V I L 出现了 3 次峰值,径向速度出现了气旋式辐合和逆风区结
构,逆风区出现时间较强降水出现提前了 20 ~30 m in ,与强降水的发生、发展和减弱有较好的对应关
系;闪电发生高密度区位于降水中心前缘,闪电频率突然增大时间较强降水出现超前1 h 。
关键词:短时暴雨;中尺度对流系统;黑体亮温;雷达图像特征;逆风区;闪电
中图分类号:P458. 2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-7097(2010)06-0711-08
Analysis on Characteristics of Mesoscale Convective System during
a Short-term Rainstorm Process in North of Ningxia
JI Xiao-ling1’2’3 ,FENG Jian-min1 ,M U Jian-hua3 ,XIN Yao-sheng3 ,M A Shai-yan4 ,NIE Jing-xing3
(1. Key Laboratory of Preventing and Reducing Meteorological Disaster of Ningxia, Yinchuan 750002,China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather of C A M S ’Beijing 100081 ’China;
3. Ningxia Meteorological Observatory ’ Yinchuan 750002,China;4. Meteorological Service Centre of Ningxia, Yinchuan 750002,China)
Abstract : By using the data of automatic weather station,lightning location system,Doppler radar and
satellite, the short-term rainstorm process occurred at Shitanjing on 18 July 2008 is analyzed. Result
shows that the short-term rainstorm occurred under the circulation of “pressure ridge at west and trough
at east”,and was affected by the transversal trough at the back of northeast cold vortex and the low
pressure system. There are two strong convective cells,which influenced Shitanjing successively, and
then combined and sustained. The M C S ( mesoscale convective system) maintained in the north of
Ningxia for almost 6 hours, and the highest cloud top T B B (blackbody brightness temperature) gradient
located at Shitanjing. Corresponding with the three precipitation stages, there are three peaks of echo in
tensity ,echo tops and V I L during the rainstorm process. There are cyclonic convergence and adverse
wind area in radial velocity graphs. The appearing of adverse wind area is 20—30 minutes earlier than
that of the strong precipitation,and its echo evolution has better relationship with the evolution of pre
cipitation. The high density lightning area locates in the front of precipitation center, and the sudden in
creasing of lightning frequency occurs one hour earlier than the heavy rain.
K e y w o r d s: short-term rainstorm; mesoscale convective system; T B B ; echo feature; adverse wind
area ; lightning
收稿日期:2009■07-2/;改回日期:2010-09-28
基金项目:宁夏科技攻关项目(KGX-12-09-02);中国气象局气象新技术推广预报员专项(CMATG2008Y11)
作者简介:纪晓玲(1967—) ,女,陕西富平人,高级工程师,研究方向为短期短时天气预报及灾害性天气预报方法,jixlingyc@163.com.