ARM指南：优化Unity移动游戏图形

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"ARM公司针对Unity开发者优化移动游戏图形的指南，详细探讨了Lightmap和PRGI等技术，相比Unity官方文档提供了更多深度信息。" 在移动游戏开发领域，Unity引擎因其强大的跨平台能力和丰富的图形处理功能而备受青睐。ARM公司发布的《ARM for Unity Developers》指南，特别是针对"Optimizing Mobile Gaming Graphics"这一主题，旨在帮助开发者充分利用ARM架构设备的性能，创建出更加精美且高效的移动游戏体验。该文档详细阐述了如何在Unity中优化图形性能，特别关注了Lightmap和PRGI（Progressive Radiance Field Gather）这两个关键的技术。 **Lightmap** 是一种预先计算光照的技术，常用于静态物体的光照烘焙，以减少运行时的计算负担。在移动设备上，由于资源和性能限制，Lightmap的优化显得尤为重要。ARM的指南深入介绍了如何有效地设置和使用Lightmaps，包括选择合适的分辨率、光照贴图烘焙策略以及减小光照贴图的内存占用。此外，还可能涵盖了混合Lightmap与实时光照的技巧，以实现更好的视觉效果和性能平衡。 **PRGI**（Progressive Radiance Field Gather）是Unity中的一个高级光照计算方法，它通过逐步计算来提高光照质量，特别是在复杂的光照环境中。PRGI可以在运行时逐步细化光照信息，以适应不同的性能设备。ARM的指南可能详细解释了PRGI的工作原理，如何配置PRGI参数，以及在不同场景下如何权衡质量与性能。除了Lightmap和PRGI，该文档可能还包含了其他图形优化技术，如多线程渲染、GPU粒子系统、纹理压缩、LOD（Level of Detail）层次细节管理、渲染路径优化等。这些技术都是为了在确保画面质量的同时，尽可能降低CPU和GPU的负载，提升游戏在移动设备上的流畅度。在优化过程中，开发者通常需要考虑设备的硬件差异，如GPU性能、内存大小和电池寿命等因素。ARM的指南可能提供了针对不同ARM架构设备的特定优化建议，帮助开发者更好地调整和适配他们的游戏，以达到最佳的运行效果。《ARM for Unity Developers》是移动游戏开发者的一份宝贵资源，它不仅提供了关于Lightmap和PRGI的深度知识，还可能包含了一系列实用的图形优化技巧和策略，助力开发者在有限的移动设备资源下创造出令人惊叹的游戏图形。

2.1 The optimization process

Optimization is the process of taking an application and making it more efficient. For graphical

applications, this typically means modifying the application to make it faster.

For example, a game with a low frame rate might appear jumpy. This gives a bad impression and can

make a game difficult to play. You can use optimization to improve the frame rate of a game making it a

better, smoother experience.

To optimize your code, use the optimization process. This is an iterative process that guides you through

finding and removing performance problems.

The optimization process consists of the following steps:

1. Take measurements of your application with a profiler.

2. Analyze the data to locate the bottleneck.

3. Determine the relevant optimization to apply.

4. Verify that the optimization works.

5. If the performance is not acceptable return to step 1 and repeat the process.

The following is an example of the optimization process:

1. If you have a game that does not have the performance you require, you can use a profiler to take

measurements.

2. Use the profiler to analyze the measurements so you can isolate and identify the source of the

performance problem.

3. The problem with the game is, for example, rendering too many vertices.

4. Reduce the number of vertices in your meshes.

5. Execute the game again to ensure the optimization worked.

If you do this and the game still does not perform as expected, restart the process by profiling the

application again to find out what else is causing problems.

Expect to repeat this process a number of times. Optimization is an iterative process where you might

find performance problems in a number of different areas.

2 Optimizing applications

2.1 The optimization process

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There are a number of options that can increase the image quality of your game with only a small trade-

off in performance. For example, if the frame rate of your game is low, the GPU might be processing too

much information when performing a complex graphical effect. You can perform less complex versions

of graphical effects, such as shadows and lighting, for a relatively small impact on the graphical quality.

Simpler effects can reduce the load on the GPU significantly, providing a higher frame rate.

The default settings for lighting can sometimes be too complex for a mobile device, so some games

written for mobile platforms avoid complex techniques or use game-specific techniques. This might

involve techniques such as pre-baking lighting into light maps or projecting textures instead of casting

shadows.

In Project Settings > Quality there are a number of options that can have a large impact on the

performance of your game:

Pixel Light Count

Pixel Light Count is the number of lights that can affect a given pixel. A high pixel light count

requires a large number of calculations. Most games can use very few dynamic and real-time

lights with minimal impact on image quality. Consider using techniques such as light maps and

projected textures in your game, if lighting is causing performance problems.

Texture Quality

Texture Quality can load the GPU but it typically does not cause performance problems.

Reducing texture quality can negatively impact the visual quality of your games, so only reduce

the quality if you must. In the Ice Cave demo, Texture Quality is set to full resolution.

If textures are causing performance problems, try using mipmapping. Mipmapping reduces

compute and bandwidth requirements without impacting image quality.

AntiAliasing

AntiAliasing is an edge-smoothing technique that blends the pixels around triangle edges. This

provides a noticeable improvement to the visual quality of your game. There are several

methods of anti-aliasing, but in this case the toggle is for Multi-Sampled Anti-Aliasing (MSAA).

4x MSAA is very low cost operation on Mali GPUs, so always use it if possible.

Soft Particles

Soft Particles requires rendering to a depth texture or rendering in deferred mode. This

increases the load on the GPU, but can be worth it in terms of achieving realistic visuals on your

particles. On mobile platforms, rendering to and reading from a depth texture uses up valuable

bandwidth, and rendering using a deferred path means you have no access to MSAA. Consider

whether soft particles are important enough to your game to use them.

Anisotropic Textures

Anisotropic Textures is a technique that removes distortion from textures drawn at high

gradients. This improves the image quality but it is an expensive technique. Avoid using this

technique unless the distortion is especially noticeable.

Shadows

Shadows can be computationally intensive if they are high quality. If shadows cause

performance problems, try simple shadows or switch them off. If shadows are important in your

game, consider using simple dynamic shadowing techniques such as projected textures.

Realtime Reflection Probes

The Realtime Reflection Probes option can have a significant negative impact on the runtime

performance.

When a reflection probe is rendered, every face of the cubemap is rendered separately by a

camera at the origin of the probe. If inter-reflections are considered, this process takes place for

every reflection bounce level. In the case of glossy reflections, the cubemap mipmaps are also

used to apply a blurring process.

The following factors influence the rendering of the cubemap:

Cubemap Resolution

Higher resolution cubemaps increase rendering time. Use the lowest resolution

cubemap possible for the quality you require.

2 Optimizing applications

2.2 Unity quality settings

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ARM指南：优化Unity移动游戏图形

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