OpenVMS系统管理员手册：基础篇

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"OpenVMS System Manager's Manual_vol 1" OpenVMS系统管理员手册第一卷是一本面向任务的手册，旨在指导用户管理和维护Compaq OpenVMS系统。这本手册涵盖了OpenVMS Alpha Version 7.3-1和OpenVMS VAX Version 7.3的相关内容。手册更新至2002年6月，取代了之前的OpenVMS System Manager’s Manual, Volume 1: Essentials for Version 7.3。手册包括以下章节，涉及OpenVMS系统的各个方面： 1. **概述**：介绍手册的基本内容和目的，帮助读者了解如何有效利用手册进行系统管理。 2. **使用OpenVMS系统管理工具和实用程序**：详述了在OpenVMS环境下如何操作和利用各种管理工具，包括诊断、监控和性能优化工具。 3. **安装、升级和更新软件**：阐述如何正确地安装、升级和更新OpenVMS系统及应用程序，确保系统的稳定运行。 4. **启动和关闭系统**：解释了系统启动和关闭的流程，以及在不同情况下的故障恢复策略。 5. **定制操作系统**：讨论了如何根据特定需求调整和配置OpenVMS的内核参数和服务。 6. **设置系统时间**：介绍了如何同步和管理系统的日期和时间，以确保系统间的一致性和正确性。 7. **管理用户账户**：涵盖了创建、修改和删除用户账户，以及设置访问权限和认证策略。 8. **管理外围设备**：包括了打印机、磁盘驱动器等硬件设备的配置和管理，以及驱动程序的安装和更新。 9. **管理存储介质**：讲述了如何规划和管理磁盘空间，包括分区、卷集和文件系统管理。 10. **使用文件和目录**：详细说明了OpenVMS的文件系统特性，如文件的创建、删除、权限控制和文件系统的备份与恢复。 11. **使用BACKUP**：提供了使用OpenVMS内置备份工具BACKUP的方法，包括备份策略、备份作业的创建和执行。 12. **安全考虑**：涵盖了OpenVMS的安全特性，如审计、访问控制和加密，以及如何预防和应对安全威胁。 13. **管理队列管理器和队列数据库**：介绍了如何配置和监控消息传递系统，包括队列的创建、管理和性能调优。 14. **设置和维护队列**：详细讨论了如何在OpenVMS环境中实现高效的数据传输和处理。这本手册对于OpenVMS系统管理员来说是必不可少的参考资料，它提供了全面的操作指南和问题解决方法，确保了OpenVMS系统的稳定、高效和安全运行。

13.11 Solving Queue Manager Problems . . . ............................ 13–16

13.11.1 Avoiding Common Problems: A Troubleshooting Checklist ......... 13–16

13.11.2 If the Queue Manager Does Not Start ......................... 13–16

13.11.2.1 Investigating the Problem . . . ............................ 13–16

13.11.2.2 Cause . . . ............................................ 13–17

13.11.2.3 Correcting the Problem ................................. 13–17

13.11.3 If the Queuing System Stops or the Queue Manager Does Not Run on

Speciﬁc Nodes ........................................... 13–18

13.11.3.1 Investigating the Problem . . . ............................ 13–18

13.11.3.2 Cause . . . ............................................ 13–18

13.11.3.3 Correcting the Problem ................................. 13–19

13.11.4 If the Queue Manager Becomes Unavailable . ................... 13–19

13.11.4.1 Investigating the Problem . . . ............................ 13–19

13.11.4.2 Cause . . . ............................................ 13–19

13.11.4.3 Correcting the Problem ................................. 13–19

13.11.5 If the Queuing System Does Not Work on a Speciﬁc OpenVMS Cluster

Node ................................................... 13–19

13.11.5.1 Investigating the Problem . . . ............................ 13–20

13.11.5.2 Cause . . . ............................................ 13–20

13.11.5.3 Correcting the Problem ................................. 13–20

13.11.6 If You See Inconsistent Queuing Behavior on Different OpenVMS

Cluster Nodes ........................................... 13–21

13.11.6.1 Investigating the Problem . . . ............................ 13–21

13.11.6.2 Cause . . . ............................................ 13–21

13.11.6.3 Correcting the Problem ................................. 13–21

13.12 Reporting a Queuing System Problem to Compaq .................. 13–22

14 Setting Up and Maintaining Queues

14.1 Understanding Queuing . . . .................................... 14–2

14.1.1 Managing Queues on Small Systems .......................... 14–2

14.1.2 Understanding Classes and Types of Queues . ................... 14–3

14.1.2.1 Execution Queues . .................................... 14–3

14.1.2.2 Generic Queues . . . .................................... 14–4

14.1.3 Understanding Autostart Queues . ............................ 14–4

14.2 Designing Queue Environments ................................. 14–5

14.2.1 Designing a Batch Queue Environment ........................ 14–5

14.2.1.1 Using a Simple Batch Queue Conﬁguration .................. 14–5

14.2.1.2 Using Specialized Batch Queues .......................... 14–5

14.2.1.3 Using Generic Batch Queues in an OpenVMS Cluster

Environment ......................................... 14–6

14.2.2 Designing an Output Queue Environment . . . ................... 14–8

14.2.2.1 Using a Simple Output Queue Conﬁguration ................. 14–8

14.2.2.2 Mixing Printers . . . .................................... 14–8

14.2.2.3 Printing PostScript Files ................................ 14–9

14.2.2.4 Using LAT Printers .................................... 14–9

14.2.2.5 Using Generic Output Queues ............................ 14–10

14.2.2.6 Using OpenVMS Cluster Queues .......................... 14–11

14.2.2.7 Spooling Printers . . .................................... 14–12

14.2.2.8 Distributing Printing ................................... 14–13

14.3 Planning Your Queue Setup .................................... 14–13

14.3.1 Setting Up Output Devices ................................. 14–14

14.4 Creating and Starting Queues .................................. 14–15

xvi

14.4.1 Creating and Starting Autostart Execution Queues ............... 14–15

14.4.1.1 Creating an Autostart Queue ............................. 14–16

14.4.1.2 Activating an Autostart Queue ........................... 14–17

14.4.1.3 Enabling an Autostart Queue ............................ 14–17

14.4.1.4 Adding Commands to Your Startup Procedure . ............... 14–18

14.4.2 Creating and Starting Nonautostart Execution Queues ............ 14–18

14.4.2.1 Creating a Nonautostart Queue ........................... 14–18

14.4.2.2 Starting a Nonautostart Queue ........................... 14–18

14.4.3 Creating and Starting Generic Queues . ....................... 14–19

14.4.3.1 Creating a Generic Queue ............................... 14–19

14.4.3.2 Starting a Generic Queue ............................... 14–19

14.5 Restarting Execution Queues on Reboot . . . ....................... 14–20

14.6 Using Queue Options . ........................................ 14–20

14.6.1 Controlling Access to Queues ................................ 14–23

14.6.1.1 Understanding UIC-Based Queue Protection . . ............... 14–23

14.6.1.2 Setting and Showing UIC-Based Queue Protection ............ 14–24

14.6.1.3 Understanding ACL-Based Queue Protection . ............... 14–25

14.6.1.4 Setting and Showing ACL-Based Queue Protection ............ 14–25

14.6.1.5 Understanding How Privileges Affect Queues . ............... 14–26

14.6.2 Using Job Retention Options ................................ 14–27

14.6.2.1 Setting Job Retention . . . ................................ 14–27

14.6.2.2 Specifying Timed Job Retention ........................... 14–29

14.6.2.3 Changing Job Retention . ................................ 14–29

14.6.3 Specifying Queue Characteristics ............................. 14–29

14.6.3.1 Deﬁning Characteristics . ................................ 14–30

14.6.3.2 Displaying Characteristics Deﬁned on a System .............. 14–31

14.6.3.3 Assigning Characteristics to a Queue ...................... 14–31

14.6.3.4 Displaying Characteristics Assigned to a Queue .............. 14–31

14.6.3.5 Canceling Characteristics Assigned to a Queue ............... 14–31

14.6.3.6 Deleting Characteristics . ................................ 14–32

14.6.4 Specifying Batch Processing Options . . . ....................... 14–32

14.6.4.1 Base Process Priority . . . ................................ 14–33

14.6.4.2 Job Limit ............................................ 14–33

14.6.4.3 Working Set Default, Quota, and Extent .................... 14–34

14.6.4.4 CPU Default and Maximum .............................. 14–34

14.6.4.5 Swapping ............................................ 14–35

14.6.4.6 Options for Memory-Constrained Systems ................... 14–35

14.6.4.7 Optimizing Batch Queues for the Sort/Merge Utility ........... 14–35

14.6.4.8 Assigning a Batch Queue to a Resource Afﬁnity Domain

(RAD) ............................................... 14–35

14.6.5 Specifying Job Scheduling Options ............................ 14–36

14.6.5.1 Setting Job Scheduling Priorities and Limits . . ............... 14–37

14.6.5.2 Changing the Scheduling Priority of a Job ................... 14–38

14.6.6 Using Banner Pages ....................................... 14–38

14.6.7 Using and Creating Forms . . ................................ 14–46

14.6.7.1 Displaying Forms Deﬁned on a System ..................... 14–48

14.6.7.2 Displaying the Form Assigned to a Queue ................... 14–48

14.6.7.3 Changing the Systemwide Default Form .................... 14–48

14.6.7.4 Creating a Customized Form ............................. 14–49

14.6.7.5 Assigning a Default Form for a Queue ...................... 14–50

14.6.7.6 Mounting a Form on a Queue ............................ 14–51

14.6.7.7 Deleting a Form ....................................... 14–51

14.6.7.8 Controlling Line and Page Overﬂow ....................... 14–51

14.6.7.9 Suppressing Initial Form Feed ............................ 14–52

xvii

14.6.8 Using Device Control Libraries . . ............................ 14–52

14.6.8.1 Understanding the Order of Device Control Module Output . . . . . 14–53

14.6.8.2 Creating a Device Control Library and Inserting Modules ....... 14–54

14.6.8.3 Assigning a Library to a Queue ........................... 14–54

14.6.8.4 Creating Forms for Setup and Page Setup Modules . ........... 14–55

14.6.8.5 Assigning a Reset Module to a Queue . . . ................... 14–55

14.7 Maintaining Queues .......................................... 14–56

14.7.1 Using Queue Management Commands ........................ 14–57

14.7.1.1 Monitoring Queue Information ............................ 14–58

14.7.1.2 Modifying a Queue . .................................... 14–61

14.7.1.3 Pausing a Queue . . .................................... 14–61

14.7.1.4 Closing a Queue . . . .................................... 14–62

14.7.1.5 Stopping a Queue . . .................................... 14–62

14.7.1.6 Preventing Autostart Queues from Starting ................. 14–62

14.7.1.7 Disabling Autostart on a Node ............................ 14–62

14.7.1.8 Stopping All Queues on a Node ........................... 14–63

14.7.1.9 Stopping Queues Before Shutting Down a System . . ........... 14–63

14.7.1.10 Assigning a Logical Queue . . . ............................ 14–64

14.7.1.11 Moving All Jobs from One Queue to Another ................. 14–64

14.7.1.12 Deleting a Queue . . .................................... 14–65

14.7.2 Managing Jobs in Queues .................................. 14–65

14.7.2.1 Monitoring Jobs . . . .................................... 14–65

14.7.2.2 Modifying Job Processing Options ......................... 14–67

14.7.2.3 Holding and Releasing a Job . ............................ 14–67

14.7.2.4 Requeuing an Executing Job . ............................ 14–68

14.7.2.5 Requeuing a Pending Job ................................ 14–69

14.7.2.6 Deleting a Job ........................................ 14–69

14.7.2.7 Pausing an Output Queue to Control Print Job Position and

Alignment ........................................... 14–70

14.7.2.7.1 Specifying the Position of Print ........................ 14–70

14.7.2.7.2 Aligning Print Forms ................................ 14–71

14.8 Solving Queue Problems . . .................................... 14–72

14.8.1 Determining the Cause of General Printer Problems . . . ........... 14–72

14.8.2 Making Pending Jobs Eligible for Scheduling ................... 14–73

14.8.2.1 Fixing Print Jobs That Are Pending Due to Stock Mismatch . . . . . 14–75

14.8.2.2 Fixing Jobs That Are Pending Because of Characteristics

Mismatch ............................................ 14–75

14.8.3 Fixing a Stalled Output Queue . . ............................ 14–76

14.8.4 Determining Why an Autostart Queue Does Not Start . ........... 14–76

14.8.5 Solving Problems Deleting a Queue, Form, or Characteristic ....... 14–76

14.8.6 Solving Problems Deleting Files . . ............................ 14–78

14.8.7 Adding or Deleting a Device Control Library Module . . ........... 14–79

14.8.8 Fixing a Disabled Queue ................................... 14–80

14.8.9 Reporting Queue Problems to Compaq ......................... 14–80

Index

xviii

Examples

3–1 Sample Procedure for Creating a PCF . . ....................... 3–21

3–2 Sample Command Procedure for Installing a Product ............. 3–29

7–1 Sample Systemwide SYS$MANAGER:SYLOGIN.COM Login

Command Procedure ...................................... 7–21

7–2 Sample Login Command Procedure (LOGIN.COM) for a User

Account ................................................ 7–22

7–3 Command Procedure Template for Deleting an Account’s Files ...... 7–26

7–4 Sample Captive Command Procedure . . ....................... 7–33

9–1 Command Procedure to Set Up Tape Volumes ................... 9–61

11–1 System Disk Backup to an InfoServer Tape ..................... 11–64

Figures

2–1 Sample OpenVMS Management Station Screen . . . ............... 2–3

2–2 Sample SYSMAN Management Environment ................... 2–13

2–3 Operator Communication Manager (OPCOM) ................... 2–21

6–1 Time Differential Factor Map ............................... 6–4

8–1 Basic Modem Conﬁguration . ................................ 8–25

8–2 Direct and Indirect Modem Conﬁgurations ..................... 8–27

9–1 On-Disk Structure Hierarchy of a File . . ....................... 9–4

9–2 Record Blocking . . ........................................ 9–12

13–1 OpenVMS Batch and Print Queuing System .................... 13–2

13–2 Queue Database . . ........................................ 13–4

13–3 Locations of Queue Database Files ........................... 13–7

14–1 Default Batch Queue ...................................... 14–5

14–2 Multiple Batch Queues with Special Resource and Performance

Options ................................................ 14–6

14–3 Batch Queue Conﬁguration with Clusterwide Generic Queue ....... 14–7

14–4 Simple Output Queue ..................................... 14–8

14–5 Queue Conﬁguration with Mixed Printers ...................... 14–9

14–6 Conﬁguration for Remote Printers on a Terminal Server ........... 14–10

14–7 Queue Conﬁguration with Three Like Printers and a Generic

Queue . . ................................................ 14–11

14–8 Output Queue Conﬁguration in an OpenVMS Cluster ............. 14–12

14–9 Queue Conﬁguration with Spooled Devices ..................... 14–13

14–10 Determining Job Retention . ................................ 14–28

14–11 Job Flag and Burst Pages . . ................................ 14–43

14–12 File Flag and Burst Pages . . ................................ 14–44

14–13 File and Job Trailer Pages . . ................................ 14–45

xix

Tables

1–1 Documentation for Managing Complex Environments . . ........... 1–2

1–2 Documentation for Managing Small Standalone Systems .......... 1–3

2–1 System Management Command Procedures . . ................... 2–7

2–2 System Management Utilities and Tools ....................... 2–8

3–1 Format of facvvu Save-Set File Name ......................... 3–6

3–2 VMSINSTAL.COM Options ................................. 3–8

3–3 DCL Commands and Descriptions ............................ 3–15

3–4 Privileges Required by the POLYCENTER Software Installation

Utility ................................................. 3–16

3–5 PDF Kit Types and Values .................................. 3–17

3–6 Format of tmmnn-ue Version Identiﬁcation . . ................... 3–18

3–7 Features You Can Request During an Installation ................ 3–26

3–8 SHOW OBJECT Command: Displaying Managed Object

Information . ............................................ 3–31

3–9 SHOW PRODUCT and SHOW HISTORY Commands: Displaying

Product Information . . . .................................... 3–31

4–1 Emergency Boot Procedures ................................. 4–9

4–2 Startup Logging Options ................................... 4–18

4–3 Node Notiﬁcation During Shutdown .......................... 4–30

5–1 Site-Speciﬁc Startup Command Procedures . . ................... 5–3

5–2 Commonly Deﬁned System Logical Names . . ................... 5–8

5–3 REGISTER_PRIVILEGED_IMAGE.COM Keywords . . . ........... 5–25

6–1 Time Zone Acronyms . . .................................... 6–7

6–2 Format Mnemonics . . . .................................... 6–20

6–3 Predeﬁned Output Date Formats . ............................ 6–21

6–4 Predeﬁned Output Time Formats . ............................ 6–22

6–5 SYSMAN CONFIGURATION Commands . . . ................... 6–24

7–1 Resource Type Limits . . .................................... 7–3

7–2 System Privileges ........................................ 7–3

7–3 System Login Flow ........................................ 7–5

7–4 System-Supplied UAF Accounts . . ............................ 7–7

7–5 Account Types ........................................... 7–12

7–6 Qualiﬁers Used with AUTHORIZE ........................... 7–17

7–7 SYSMAN command: class_schedule ........................... 7–29

7–8 Limits and Suggested Values for SYSTEM and DEFAULT

Accounts ................................................ 7–42

7–9 Descriptions of SYSTEM and DEFAULT Accounts ............... 7–43

8–1 Keyword Summary . . . .................................... 8–16

8–2 ISA_CONFIG.DAT Keywords and Equivalents .................. 8–18

8–3 Related Modem Documentation . . ............................ 8–26

8–4 Common Pinouts on the EIA-232 DB23 Connection ............... 8–28

8–5 Connectors . . ............................................ 8–28

8–6 Connector Applications .................................... 8–29

8–7 DECconnect Accessories .................................... 8–29

8–8 Types of Modem Control That Devices Support .................. 8–31

8–9 Troubleshooting Communications Problems . . ................... 8–34

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