云计算架构模式解析

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"Cloud Architecture Patterns" 云架构模式是关于如何设计和构建可扩展、灵活且可靠的云应用程序的技术指南。由Bill Wilder编著的这本书详细介绍了各种云架构模式，旨在帮助IT专业人员理解如何利用云计算的优势来优化他们的系统。这本书由O'Reilly Media出版，其ISBN为978-1-449-31977-9。书中涵盖了多个关键知识点，包括： 1. **弹性伸缩**：云架构的核心在于能够根据需求自动扩展或缩减资源。这种模式允许系统在负载增加时自动增加处理能力，而在负载减少时释放资源，以降低成本。 2. **服务导向架构(SOA)**：书中强调了将应用程序分解为独立、可重用的服务的重要性。SOA使得组件可以独立升级，提高了系统的可维护性和可扩展性。 3. **分布式计算**：云架构常常涉及分布式系统，其中数据和计算分布在多台机器上。这有助于提高容错性，确保即使部分节点失败，整个系统仍能继续运行。 4. **虚拟化**：虚拟化技术是云架构的基础，它允许多个操作系统和应用在同一硬件上并行运行。这提升了硬件资源的利用率，并降低了物理基础设施的成本。 5. **数据存储与管理**：云架构模式探讨了如何有效地存储和管理大量数据，包括使用分布式数据库、对象存储和NoSQL解决方案。 6. **负载均衡**：为了确保高可用性，云架构通常会采用负载均衡策略，分散流量到多个服务器，避免单点故障。 7. **容错与恢复**：讨论了如何设计具有故障转移和快速恢复机制的系统，以应对云计算环境中可能出现的硬件故障或网络问题。 8. **安全性**：云安全是不可忽视的话题，包括数据加密、访问控制、身份验证和网络安全等方面，确保在云环境中的敏感信息得到保护。 9. **监控与日志管理**：有效监控和日志管理是优化云服务的关键，这些工具可以帮助识别性能瓶颈，预防故障，并提供运营洞察。 10. **持续集成与持续部署(CI/CD)**：云架构鼓励自动化构建、测试和部署流程，以实现快速迭代和更高质量的软件发布。此外，书中的案例研究和最佳实践提供了实际操作的指导，帮助读者将理论知识应用于实际项目。通过深入理解和应用这些云架构模式，开发者和IT专业人员可以构建出更具竞争力和适应性的云解决方案。

Each PoP account gets its own web address, which is the main web address followed by

a folder name. For example, http://www.pageofphotos.com/widaketi displays photos un

der the folder name widaketi.

The PoP application was chosen because it is very simple to understand, while also

allowing for enough complexity to illustrate the patterns without having sample appli

cation details get in the way.

This very basic introduction to PoP should get you started. Features are added to PoP

in the

Example section in each pattern chapter, always using Windows Azure capabilities,

and always related to the general cloud pattern that is the focus of the chapter. By the

end of the book, PoP will be a more complete, well-architected cloud-native application.

The PoP application was created as a concrete example for readers of

this book and also as an exercise for double-checking some of the pat

terns. Look for it at http://www.pageofphotos.com.

Windows Azure is used for the PoP example, but the concepts apply as readily to Amazon

Web Services and other cloud services platforms. I chose Windows Azure because that’s

where I have deep expertise and know it to be a rich and capable platform for cloud-

native application development. It was a pragmatic choice.

Terminology

The book uses the terms application and web application broadly, even though service,

system, and other terms may be just as applicable in some contexts. More specific terms

are used as needed.

Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, and file extensions.

Constant width

Used for program listings, as well as within paragraphs to refer to program elements

such as variable or function names, databases, data types, environment variables,

statements, and keywords.

Constant width bold

Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user.

xiv | Preface

Constant width italic

Shows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values or by values deter

mined by context.

This icon signifies a tip, suggestion, or general note.

This icon indicates a warning or caution.

Using Code Examples

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We appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An attribution usually includes the title,

author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: “Cloud Architecture Patterns by Bill Wilder

If you feel your use of code examples falls outside fair use or the permission given above,

feel free to contact us at permissions@oreilly.com.

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Preface | xv

Professional, Microsoft Press, Sams, Que, Peachpit Press, Focal Press, Cisco Press, John

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Acknowledgments

This is a far better book than I could have possibly written myself because of the generous

support of many talented people. I was thrilled that so many family members, friends,

and professional colleagues (note: categories are not mutually exclusive!) were willing

to spend their valuable time to help me create a better book. Roughly in order of

appearance…

Joan Wortman (UX Specialist) was the first to review the earliest book drafts (which

were painful to read). To my delight, Joan stayed with me, continuing to provide valuable,

insightful comments though to the very last drafts. Joan was also really creative in

brainstorming ideas for the illustrations in the book. Elizabeth O’Connor (majoring in

Illustration at Mass College of Art) created the original versions of the beautiful illus

trations in the book. Jason Haley was the second to review early (and still painful to

xvi | Preface

read) drafts. Later Jason was kind enough to sign on as the official technical editor,

remarking at one point (with a straight face), “Oh, was that the same book?” I guess it

got better over time. Rahul Rai (Microsoft) offered detailed technical feedback and sug

gestions, with insights relating to every area in the book. Nuno Godinho (Cloud Solution

Architect – World Wide, Aditi) commented on early drafts and helped point out chal

lenges with some confusing concepts. Michael Collier (Windows Azure National

Architect, Neudesic) offered detailed comments and many suggestions in all chapters.

Michael and Nuno are fellow Windows Azure MVPs. John Ahearn (a sublime entity)

made every chapter in the book clearer and more pleasant to read, tirelessly reviewing

chapters and providing detailed edits. John did not proofread the prior sentence, but if

he did, I’m sure he would improve it. Richard Duggan is one of the smartest people I

know, and also one of the funniest. I always looked forward to his comments since they

were guaranteed to make the book better while making me laugh in the process. Mark

Eisenberg (Fino Consulting) offered thought-provoking feedback that helped me see

the topic more clearly and be more to the point. Jen Heney provided helpful comments

and edits on the earliest chapters. Michael Stiefel (Reliable Software) provided pointed

and insightful feedback that really challenged me to write a better book. Both Mark and

Michael forced me to rethink my approach in multiple places. Edmond O'Connor (SS&C

Technologies Inc.) offered many improvements where needed and confirmation where

things were on the right track. Nazik Huq and George Babey have been helping me run

the Boston Azure User Group for the past couple of years, and now their book comments

have also helped me to write a better book. Also from the Boston Azure community is

Nathan Pickett (KGS Buildings); Nate read the whole book, provided feedback on every

chapter, and was one of the few who actually answered the annoying questions I posed

in the text to reviewers. John Zablocki reviewed one of the chapters, as a last-minute

request from me; John’s feedback was both speedy and helpful. Don McNamara and

William Gross (both from Geek Dinner) provided useful feedback, some good pushback,

and even encouragement. Liam McNamara (a truly top-notch software professional,

and my personal guide to the pubs of Dublin) read the whole manuscript late in the

process and identified many (of my) errors and offered improved examples and clearer

language. Will Wilder and Daniel Wilder proofread chapters and helped make sure the

book made sense. Kevin Wilder and T.J. Wilder helped with data crunching to add

context to the busy signal and network latency topics, proofreading, and assisted with

writing the Page of Photos sample application. Many, many thanks to all of you for all

of your valuable help, support, insights, and encouragement.

Special thanks to the team at O’Reilly, especially those I worked directly with: editor

Rachel Roumeliotis (from inception to the end), production editor Holly Bauer, and

copy editor Gillian McGarvey. Thanks also to the other staffers behind the scenes. And

a special shout-out to Julie Lerman (who happens to live near the Long Trail in Vermont)

Preface | xvii

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tonyaoh

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云计算架构模式解析

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