AngularJS与Material Design：构建响应式UI的全面指南

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《Material Design与AngularJS实现》(Apress, 2016) 是一本专注于指导开发者构建高质量、交互式且在桌面、平板和智能手机等多种设备上提供一致体验的Web和移动用户界面的书籍。作者V. Keerti Kotaru以其专业背景，结合Material Design的设计理念和AngularJS这个强大的JavaScript框架，向读者展示了如何利用Angular Material组件框架来实现设计。本书的核心内容包括以下几个关键知识点： 1. **遵循Material Design原则**：作者介绍如何使用Angular Material，一个针对AngularJS设计的UI组件框架，帮助开发者创建符合Material Design规范的用户界面。Material Design强调了清晰、简洁和直观的设计元素，如卡片（Cards）、网格系统（Grid）、按钮（Buttons）等。 2. **结合CSS3 Flexbox**：书中详细讲解了如何将Angular Material元素、指令和服务与CSS3 Flexbox结合，进行灵活的布局管理，确保UI在不同屏幕尺寸下的响应性和适应性。 3. **最佳实践与响应式设计**：通过实用的设计技巧，读者可以学习如何开发出能够适应多种设备和屏幕尺寸的应用，无论是在台式机、平板还是手机上都能提供良好的用户体验。 4. **跨平台开发**：书中的内容不仅限于移动端，也涵盖了如何使用HTML、CSS和JavaScript为桌面环境开发应用，实现了对不同形态和屏幕大小的全面覆盖。 5. **版权与授权**：该书享有完整的版权保护，所有内容受法律保护，未经许可不得擅自复制、重印或任何形式的传播。书中可能包含商标名、标志和图像，这些使用通常遵循非商业目的的原则。通过阅读这本书，开发者不仅可以提升自己的前端开发技能，还能深入了解Material Design语言在AngularJS项目中的实际应用，从而创建出更具吸引力和易用性的现代Web和移动应用。

About the Technical

Reviewer

Sathish VJ is a technologist who is passionate about

science and all sorts of technologies. Among other things

as a full-stack engineer, he has previously been a front-end

architect developing solutions using AngularJS and

Angular Material. In the area of Angular, he is currently

working on Angular2 and Ionic2 alongside related

technologies.

V. K. Kotaru, Material Design Implementation with AngularJS,

DOI 10.1007/978-1-4842-2190-7_1

CHAPTER 1

Introduction to Angular

Material

Web application development has evolved in recent years. Earlier JavaScript was

primarily used for form validations; to check if user provided data in required form fields

or if a phone number followed a pattern and so on. With the advent of Ajax, integration

with services (on server) is possible without reloading the whole page. Due to more

powerful client machines and browsers, rich front-end development is done with

JavaScript, HTML, and CSS.

Multiple frameworks including AngularJS helped organize JavaScript code better.

AngularJS is a superheroic JavaScript framework that enables developing an application

using MV* framework (Model-View-Controller and its variants).

It is a similar story with HTML and CSS. HTML is now customizable. It is possible to

create elements, attributes, or CSS classes in markup and reuse. CSS3 has been powerful

with advanced styling and animation capabilities.

Scenarios

As capabilities to develop rich applications using HTML, JavaScript, and CSS got better,

there arose a variety of scenarios and hence challenges. Consider the following use cases.

Multiple form factors : With the advent of mobile technologies, there are a variety of

screen sizes. Content needs to fit multiple of screen sizes and still be legible.

Rich UI development : With new capabilities in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, it is

possible to develop better user interactions, controls, and user experience.

Earlier browser plug-ins were used for rich UI (User Interface). Flex, Silverlight, or a

similar plug-in needed to be installed on the browser. Many times these were heavy and

took time to load. Browser understands HTML, JavaScript, and CSS and the plug-ins were

another layer on top of the browser.

Electronic supplementary material The online version of this chapter

(doi:

10.1007/978-1-4842-2190-7_1 ) contains supplementary material, which is available to

authorized users.

CHAPTER 1 ■ INTRODUCTION TO ANGULAR MATERIAL

Single Page Application (SPA) : Many applications tend to be developed as SPAs.

With this approach, the whole page does not always have to reload. Rather, it dynamically

gets content for sections of the page and renders the UI. This helps improve page

performance and avoid unnecessary network calls and browser activity. In addition, the

user does not lose context between pages.

More Power, More Responsibility

As more logic moves to the client or browser, there is a need for better processes and

quality. HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code organization needs to be better. Code reusability

is more important than ever.

Design Patterns : A pattern could be identified in a problem. For quite a long time,

web applications have had a variety of design patterns implemented. A common scenario

with web applications has been that

1 . It has multiple screens or views. They could be forms, reports,

or widgets.

2 . Data objects (also called model) in the application need to be

associated with UI controls. As user edits data in UI controls,

changes need to reflect in the object and vice versa.

3 . These changes to the data need to be persisted and

propagated to data store and other views.

4 . Application of logic, validations, and in some cases,

transformation of data to a different type of object has to

happen.

A design pattern MVC (Model-View-Controller) is apt for these problem statements

or requirements. MVC and its variants (MVVM [Model-View-View-Model] and MVP

[Model-View-Presenter]) are widely used.

I am bringing up an opinionated scenario here. However, in my experience I have

seen this happen many times.

Unit Testing : It has great influence on code quality. Teams find Test-Driven

Development (TDD) very effective. Such practices need to be applied to JavaScript code

as well.

Dependency Injection (DI) : This is important for loose coupling among artifacts.

An object not instantiating its dependencies allow caller to swap implementation. This

makes object immune to changes in dependency.

Better unit testing is a major advantage of this approach. When we unit test code,

we should focus only on the current object, not its dependencies. Unit tests should not

invoke end-to-end calls. All dependencies should be mocked or stubbed to invoke a

dummy implementation. This is made possible with DI.

Angular Material inherits goodness from these concepts as it is built using AngularJS.

These concepts are not directly related to Angular Material. Hence, we do not go into an in-

depth discussion on these topics. However, teams and individuals developing applications

using AngularJS (including Angular Material) can take advantage of the features.

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