早期对象版Big Java 6th版：Java 8入门与设计技巧详解

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《大Java早期对象》（Big Java: Early Objects, 6th Edition）是Cay Horstmann编写的经典教材，针对初学者提供了一种易于理解的方法来学习基础编程技术和设计技能。第六版在Java 8软件发布的基础上进行了更新，并增添了视觉设计元素，旨在增强学生的阅读体验。本书以其真实的编程示例、丰富的作业和练习题而闻名，旨在培养学生的解决问题能力。本书共分为26章，内容覆盖广泛，从基础的程序入门（如第一章介绍）到高级主题，包括但不限于：使用对象（Chapter 2）、类实现（Chapter 3）、基本数据类型（Chapter 4）、决策结构（Chapter 5）、循环（Chapter 6），以及数组和ArrayList（Chapter 7）。后续章节深入探讨设计模式（Chapter 8-11）、递归（Chapter 13）、排序与搜索（Chapter 14）、Java集合框架（Chapter 15）、图形用户界面（Chapter 20）等现代技术。书中还包含了对Java 8新特性的讲解，比如流处理（Chapter 19）和网络编程（Chapter 23）。重要的知识点包括数组元素访问（通过索引操作符[]）、算术运算符（如++--、*%、+-、<<=>>=等，详细列表见附录B）、条件语句（如if-else结构）和方法的实例，如`CashRegister`类的`addItem`方法和使用`nextInt`获取用户输入的循环结构。此外，书中的编程练习着重于实际应用，让学生通过处理数组或集合（如for-each循环）来逐步提升编程技能。《大Java早期对象》6th Edition特别注重学生的学习过程，提供了解决问题的指导和更多样化的例子代码，使学生能够逐步掌握面向对象编程的核心概念和实践技巧。无论是作为初学者的启蒙读物，还是进阶开发者的参考书籍，它都是一个理想的资源。

xiv Acknowledgments

Ahmad Ghafarian, North Georgia

College & State University

Rick Giles, Acadia University

Stacey Grasso, College of San Mateo

Jianchao Han, California State

University, Dominguez Hills

Lisa Hansen, Western New England

College

Elliotte Harold

Eileen Head, Binghamton

University

Cecily Heiner, University of Utah

Guy Helmer, Iowa State University

Ed Holden, Rochester Institute

of Technology

Brian Howard, Depauw University

Lubomir Ivanov, Iona College

Norman Jacobson, University of

California, Irvine

Steven Janke, Colorado College

Curt Jones, Bloomsburg University

Mark Jones, Lock Haven University

of Pennsylvania

Dr. Mustafa Kamal, University of

Central Missouri

Mugdha Khaladkar, New Jersey

Institute of Technology

Gary J. Koehler, University of

Florida

Elliot Koffman, Temple University

Ronald Krawitz, DeVry University

Norm Krumpe, Miami University

Ohio

Jim Leone, Rochester Institute

of Technology

Kevin Lillis, St. Ambrose University

Darren Lim, Siena College

Hong Lin, DeVry University

Kathy Liszka, University of Akron

Hunter Lloyd, Montana State

University

Youmin Lu, Bloomsburg University

Kuber Maharjan, Purdue University

College of Technology at

Columbus

John S. Mallozzi, Iona College

John Martin, North Dakota State

University

Jeanna Matthews, Clarkson

University

Patricia McDermott-Wells, Florida

International University

Scott McElfresh, Carnegie Mellon

University

Joan McGrory, Christian Brothers

University

Carolyn Miller, North Carolina

State University

Sandeep R. Mitra, State University

of New York, Brockport

Teng Moh, San Jose State University

Bill Mongan, Drexel University

John Moore, The Citadel

Jose-Arturo Mora-Soto, Jesica

Rivero-Espinosa, and Julio-Angel

Cano-Romero, University

of Madrid

Faye Navabi, Arizona State

University

Parviz Partow-Navid, California

State University, Los Angeles

George Novacky, University

of Pittsburgh

Kevin O’Gorman, California

Polytechnic State University, San

Luis Obispo

Michael Olan, Richard Stockton

College

Mimi Opkins, California State

University Long Beach

Derek Pao, City University of

Hong Kong

Kevin Parker, Idaho State University

Jim Perry, Ulster County

Community College

Cornel Pokorny, California

Polytechnic State University,

San Luis Obispo

Roger Priebe, University of Texas,

Austin

C. Robert Putnam, California State

University, Northridge

Kai Qian, Southern Polytechnic

State University

Cyndi Rader, Colorado School

of Mines

Neil Rankin, Worcester Polytechnic

Institute

Brad Rippe, Fullerton College

Pedro I. Rivera Vega, University

of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez

Daniel Rogers, SUNY Brockport

Chaman Lal Sabharwal, Missouri

University of Science and

Technology

Katherine Salch, Illinois Central

College

John Santore, Bridgewater State

College

Javad Shakib, DeVry University

Carolyn Schauble, Colorado State

University

Brent Seales, University of Kentucky

Christian Shin, SUNY Geneseo

Charlie Shu, Franklin University

Jeffrey Six, University of Delaware

Don Slater, Carnegie Mellon

University

Ken Slonneger, University of Iowa

Donald Smith, Columbia College

Joslyn A. Smith, Florida

International University

Stephanie Smullen, University of

Tennessee, Chattanooga

Robert Strader, Stephen F. Austin

State University

Monica Sweat, Georgia Institute

of Technology

Peter Stanchev, Kettering University

Shannon Tauro, University of

California, Irvine

Ron Taylor, Wright State University

Russell Tessier, University of

Massachusetts, Amherst

Jonathan L. Tolstedt, North Dakota

State University

David Vineyard, Kettering

University

Joseph Vybihal, McGill University

Xiaoming Wei, Iona College

Jonathan S. Weissman, Finger Lakes

Community College

Todd Whittaker, Franklin University

Robert Willhoft, Roberts Wesleyan

College

Lea Wittie, Bucknell University

David Womack, University of Texas

at San Antonio

David Woolbright, Columbus State

University

Tom Wulf, University of Cincinnati

Catherine Wyman, DeVry

University

Arthur Yanushka, Christian Brothers

University

Qi Yu, Rochester Institute of

Technology

Salih Yurttas, Texas A&M University

xvi Contents

3.5

PROBLEM SOLVING

Tracing Objects 103

3.6 Local Variables 105

3.7 The

this

Reference 107

ST 1

Calling One Constructor from Another 110

3.8 Shape Classes 110

HT 2

Drawing Graphical Shapes 114

FUNDAMENTAL DATA

TYPES

129

4.1 Numbers 130

Number Types 130

Constants

132

ST 1

Big Numbers 136

4.2 Arithmetic 137

Arithmetic Operators 137

Increment and Decrement

138

Integer Division and Remainder

138

Powers and Roots

139

Converting Floating-Point Numbers

Integers 140

J8 1

Avoiding Negative Remainders 143

ST 2

Combining Assignment and Arithmetic 143

ST 3

Instance Methods and Static Methods 143

4.3 Input and Output 145

Reading Input 145

Formatted Output

146

HT 1

Carrying Out Computations 149

WE 1

Computing the Volume and Surface Area of

a Pyramid

4.4

PROBLEM SOLVING

First Do it By Hand 152

WE 2

Computing Travel Time

4.5 Strings 154

The

String

Type 154

Concatenation

155

String

Input

155

Escape

Sequences

156

Strings and Characters

156

Substrings 157

ST 4

Using Dialog Boxes for Input and

Output 160

DECISIONS 177

5.1 The

Statement 178

ST 1

The Conditional Operator 182

5.2 Comparing Values 183

Relational Operators 184

Comparing Floating-Point Numbers

185

Comparing Strings

186

Comparing

Objects

187

esting for

null

187

HT 1

Implementing an

Statement 190

WE 1

Extracting the Middle

5.3 Multiple Alternatives 193

ST 2

The

switch

Statement 196

5.4 Nested Branches 196

ST 3

Block Scope 201

ST 4

Enumeration Types 203

5.5

PROBLEM SOLVING

Flowcharts 203

5.6

PROBLEM SOLVING

Selecting Test

Cases

206

ST 5

Logging 208

5.7 Boolean Variables and Operators 209

ST 6

Short-Circuit Evaluation of Boolean

Operators 213

ST 7

De Morgan’s Law 213

5.8

APPLICATION

Input Validation 214

LOOPS 237

6.1 The

while

Loop 238

6.2

PROBLEM SOLVING

Hand-Tracing 245

6.3 The

for

Loop 250

ST 1

Variables Declared in a

for

Loop

Header 257

6.4 The

Loop 258

6.5

APPLICATION

Processing Sentinel

Values

259

ST 2

Redirection of Input and Output 262

ST 3

The “Loop and a Half” Problem 262

ST 4

The

break

and

continue

Statements 263

6.6

PROBLEM SOLVING

Storyboards 265

6.7 Common Loop Algorithms 268

Sum and Average Value 268

Counting Matches 268

Contents xvii

Finding the First Match 269

Prompting Until a Match is Found

270

Maximum and Minimum

270

Comparing Adjacent Values

271

HT 1

Writing a Loop 272

WE 1

Credit Card Processing

6.8 Nested Loops 275

WE 2

Manipulating the Pixels in an Image

6.9

APPLICATION

Random Numbers and

Simulations

279

Generating Random Numbers 279

The Monte Carlo Method

281

6.10 Using a Debugger 282

HT 2

Debugging 285

WE 3

A Sample Debugging Session

ARRAYS AND ARRAY

LISTS 307

7.1 Arrays 308

Declaring and Using Arrays 308

Array References

311

Using Arrays with Methods

312

Partially Filled Arrays

312

ST 1

Methods with a Variable Number of

Arguments 315

7.2 The Enhanced

for

Loop 317

7.3 Common Array Algorithms 318

Filling 318

Sum and Average Value

319

Maximum and Minimum

319

Element Separators 319

Linear Search 320

Removing an Element 320

Inserting an Element 321

Swapping Elements 322

Copying Arrays 323

Reading

Input

324

ST 2

Sorting with the Java Library 327

7.4

PROBLEM SOLVING

Adapting

Algorithms

327

HT 1

Working with Arrays 330

WE 1

Rolling the Dice

7.5

PROBLEM SOLVING

Discovering Algorithms by

Manipulating Physical Objects

332

7.6 Two-Dimensional Arrays 336

Declaring Two-Dimensional Arrays 336

Accessing Elements

337

Locating Neighboring Elements

338

Accessing Rows and Columns

338

WE 2

A World Population Table

ST 3

Two-Dimensional Arrays with Variable

Row Lengths

341

ST 4

Multidimensional Arrays 343

7.7 Array Lists 343

Declaring and Using Array Lists 344

Using the Enhanced for Loop with

Array Lists

345

Copying Array Lists

346

Wrappers and Auto-boxing

347

Using Array Algorithms with Array Lists

348

Storing Input Values in an Array List

348

Removing Matches

348

Choosing Between Array Lists and Arrays

349

ST 5

The Diamond Syntax 352

7.8 Regression Testing 352

DESIGNING CLASSES 375

8.1 Discovering Classes 376

8.2 Designing Good Methods 377

Providing a Cohesive Public Interface 377

Minimizing Dependencies

378

Separating Accessors and Mutators

379

Minimizing Side Effects

380

ST 1

Call by Value and Call by Reference 382

8.3

PROBLEM SOLVING

Patterns for

Object Data

386

Keeping a Total 386

Counting Events 387

Collecting Values 387

Managing Properties of an Object 388

Modeling Objects with Distinct States 388

Describing the Position of an Object 389

8.4 Static Variables and Methods 391

ST 2

Alternative Forms of Instance and Static

Variable Initialization 394

ST 3

Static Imports 395

8.5

PROBLEM SOLVING

Solve a Simpler

Problem First

395

xviii Contents

8.6 Packages 400

Organizing Related Classes into Pack ages 400

Importing Packages

401

Package

Names

401

Packages and Sour

ce Files

402

ST 4

Package Access 403

HT 1

Programming with Packages 404

8.7 Unit Test Frameworks 405

INHERITANCE 423

9.1 Inheritance Hierarchies 424

9.2 Implementing Subclasses 428

9.3 Overriding Methods 433

ST 1

Calling the Superclass Constructor 438

9.4 Polymorphism 439

ST 2

Dynamic Method Lookup and the Implicit

Parameter 442

ST 3

Abstract Classes 443

ST 4

Final Methods and Classes 444

ST 5

Protected Access 444

HT 1

Developing an Inheritance Hierarchy 445

WE 1

Implementing an Employee Hierarchy for

Payroll Processing

9.5

Object

: The Cosmic Superclass 450

Overriding the

toString

Method 450

The

equals

Method 452

The

instanceof

Operator 453

ST 6

Inheritance and the

toString

Method 455

ST 7

Inheritance and the

equals

Method 456

INTERFACES 465

10.1 Using Interfaces for Algorithm

Reuse

466

Discovering an Interface Type 466

Declaring an Interface Type 467

Implementing an Interface Type 469

Comparing Interfaces and Inheritance 471

ST 1

Constants in Interfaces 473

J8 1

Static Methods in Interfaces 473

J8 2

Default Methods 473

J8 3

Conflicting Default Methods 474

10.2 Working with Interface Variables 475

Converting from Classes to Interfaces 475

Invoking Methods on Interface Variables

476

Casting from Interfaces to Classes

476

WE 1

Investigating Number Sequences

10.3 The

Comparable

Interface 477

ST 2

The

clone

Method and the

Cloneable

Interface

479

10.4 Using Interfaces for Callbacks 482

J8 4

Lambda Expressions 485

ST 3

Generic Interface Types 486

10.5 Inner Classes 487

ST 4

Anonymous Classes 488

10.6 Mock Objects 489

10.7 Event Handling 490

Listening to Events 491

Using Inner Classes for Listeners

493

J8 5

Lambda Expressions for Event Handling 496

10.8 Building Applications with Buttons 496

10.9 Processing Timer Events 499

10.10

Mouse Events 502

ST 5

Keyboard Events 506

ST 6

Event Adapters 506

INPUT/OUTPUT AND

EXCEPTION HANDLING 519

11.1 Reading and Writing Text Files 520

ST 1

Reading Web Pages 523

ST 2

File Dialog Boxes 523

ST 3

Character Encodings 524

11.2 Text Input and Output 525

Reading Words 525

Reading Characters 526

Classifying Characters 526

Reading Lines 527

Scanning a String 528

Converting Strings to Numbers 528

Avoiding Errors When Reading Numbers 529

Mixing Number, Word, and Line Input 529

Formatting Output 530

ST 4

Regular Expressions 532

ST 5

Reading an Entire File 533

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