Physics Letters B 801 (2020) 135191
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Physics Letters B
www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb
AdS
4
black holes with nonlinear source in rainbow gravity
M. Dehghani
Department of Physics, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received
28 July 2019
Received
in revised form 27 October 2019
Accepted
23 December 2019
Available
online 3 January 2020
Editor: N.
Lambert
Keywords:
Four-dimensional
black hole
Nonlinear
electrodynamics
Anti-de
Sitter black hole
We explore new four-dimensional black holes, with the Einstein- theory coupled to nonlinear
electrodynamics, in an energy-dependent spacetime. By considering the power-law model of nonlinear
electrodynamics and solving the coupled field equations, with properly fixing the parameters of the
theory, we obtain two new classes of nonlinearly charged black holes with anti-de Sitter (AdS) asymptote.
With the aim of studying the thermodynamic properties of the novel AdS black holes, we calculate the
conserved and thermodynamic quantities such as black hole mass, electric charge, electric potential,
temperature, and entropy in the presence of rainbow functions. Although some of these quantities are
affected by the rainbow functions, interestingly, they satisfy the first law of black hole thermodynamics
in its standard form. Based on the canonical ensemble method and by calculating the black hole heat
capacity, we analyze the black hole local stability or thermodynamic phase transitions. The horizon
radius of those black holes which experience type one or type two phase transition as well as the
conditions under which the black holes remain stable are determined. Finally, via consideration of
black hole thermal fluctuations, we examine the impacts of quantum gravitational corrections on the
thermodynamic properties of our new AdS rainbow black holes.
© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP
3
.
1. Introduction
Combining the gravity with quantum mechanics to establish the quantum theory of gravity is still one of the most important problems
in the context of theoretical physics [1–3]. Gravity’s rainbow, in which the quantum gravitational effects are taken into account, is an
attempt in this direction. This theory is constructed out by extending the doubly special relativity to the curved spacetimes, and can be
considered as the Planck-scale generalization of the usual gravity theory [4,5]. Besides, doubly special relativity is the deformed version of
usual special relativity, in which the usual dispersion relation is promoted to the well-known modified dispersion relation. Although, the
modified dispersion relation is expected to play an important role in constructing the quantum theory of gravity, it is no longer Lorentz
invariant. Doubly or deformed special relativity, which is accomplished based on a class of nonlinear Lorentz transformations, preserves
Lorentz invariance of the modified dispersion relation. In this theory, light speed and Planck energy are two invariant quantities which
determine the upper bounds of the speed and energy that a particle can attain, respectively [6–9].
However,
doubly special relativity, as the Planck-scale formalism of the special relativity, has now been extended to the curved space
times, and it is named conventionally as doubly general relativity or gravity’s rainbow. In rainbow gravity, the geometry of space time
depends on the energy of the test particle, which probes the geometry. Thus, the geometry of space time seems different for the particles
having different amounts of energy. Therefore, instead of a single metric, there is a family of energy-dependent metrics. This is why the
doubly general relativity is named as gravity’s rainbow [10,11].
On
the other hand, Maxwell’s classical electromagnetic theory, as one of the most successful theories, seems to have some shortcom-
ings.
The related failures are attempted to be addressed by modifying the original action to that of the so-called nonlinear electrodynamics.
Among the various theories of nonlinear electrodynamics, which are nonlinear functions of Maxwell invariant F = F
αβ
F
αβ
, the Born-
Infeld,
power-law, exponential and logarithmic models are of most interest [12–16]. All of the models of nonlinear electrodynamics reduce
to Maxwell’s electrodynamics as a special case [16]. Indeed, nonlinear theories of electrodynamics are more suitable when the electromag-
netic
fields are of high strength. They contain higher powers of F , which are believed that indicate the photon-photon interactions. For
E-mail address: m.dehghani@razi.ac.ir.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.135191
0370-2693/
© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by
SCOAP
3
.