保护Docker环境：安全指南

需积分: 10 57 浏览量更新于2024-07-20 2 收藏 2.8MB PDF 举报

"Securing Docker.pdf 是一本关于保护Docker环境安全的专业书籍，作者是Scott Gallagher。本书旨在教育读者如何确保Docker环境的安全，以抵御潜在的威胁。" 在Docker容器技术日益普及的今天，确保Docker环境的安全至关重要。本书深入探讨了以下几个关键知识点： 1. **Docker安全基础**：了解Docker的基础架构和工作原理，包括容器、镜像、守护进程等核心概念，这是理解安全问题的前提。 2. **安全配置**：学习如何正确配置Docker守护进程，如限制网络访问、使用安全选项启动Docker服务、以及对Docker daemon的最小权限配置。 3. **镜像安全**：理解镜像的构建过程，学习如何从可信源获取和验证镜像，以及如何创建和维护安全的Dockerfile来构建自定义镜像。 4. **容器隔离**：讨论容器之间的隔离性，包括使用命名空间和控制组（Cgroups）增强安全性，防止容器间的逃逸。 5. **安全更新与维护**：定期更新Docker组件以修补安全漏洞，并掌握监控和日志记录技巧，以便及时发现并响应安全事件。 6. **网络安全**：了解Docker网络模型，如何设置网络策略以限制容器间的通信，以及如何利用安全的网络驱动程序和插件。 7. **数据保护**：学习如何保护存储在容器内的数据，包括使用卷和数据容器，以及加密存储和传输。 8. **审计和监控**：实施容器和Docker主机的审计策略，通过工具如Docker Security Scanning进行安全检查，以及如何设置实时监控系统。 9. **应对威胁**：讨论常见的攻击模式，如Docker逃逸、恶意镜像注入等，以及相应的预防措施。 10. **最佳实践**：了解并遵循安全的最佳实践，例如使用最小化基础镜像、避免root用户运行容器、以及定期审查和测试安全策略。本书还可能涵盖了版权信息和出版商免责声明，提醒读者尽管尽最大努力确保内容准确性，但信息使用时应自行判断，出版社及其关联方不承担由此产生的直接或间接损害责任。通过本书的学习，读者可以系统地提升对Docker安全的理解，从而在实际工作中更好地保护自己的Docker环境，避免潜在的安全风险。

[ 1 ]

Securing Docker Hosts

Welcome to the Securing Docker book! We are glad you decided to pick up the book

and we want to make sure that the resources you are using are being secured in

proper ways to ensure system integrity and data loss prevention. It is also important

to understand why you should care about the security. If data loss prevention

doesn't scare you already, thinking about the worst possible scenario—a full system

compromise and the possibility of your secret designs being leaked or stolen by

others—might help to reinforce security. Throughout this book, we will be covering

a lot of topics to help get your environment set up securely so that you can begin to

start deploying containers with peace of mind knowing that you took the right steps

in the beginning to fortify your environment. In this chapter, we will be taking a look

at securing Docker hosts and will be covering the following topics:

• Docker host overview

• Discussing Docker host

• Virtualization and isolation

• Attack surface of Docker daemon

• Securing Docker hosts

• Docker Machine

• SELinux and AppArmor

• Auto-patching hosts

Docker host overview

Before we get in depth and dive in, let's rst take a step back and review exactly

what the Docker host is. In this section, we will look at the Docker host itself to get

an understanding of what we are referring to when we are talking about the Docker

host. We will also be looking at the virtualization and isolation techniques that

Docker uses to ensure security.

Securing Docker Hosts

[ 4 ]

Namespaces also provide isolation for processes and mount isolation. Processes

running in one container can't affect or even see processes running in another Docker

container. Isolation for mount points is also on a container by container basis. This

means that mount points on one container can't see or interact with mount points on

another container.

On the other hand, control groups are what control and limit resources for containers

that will be running on top of your Docker hosts. What does this boil down to,

meaning how will it benet you? It means that cgroups, as they will be called

going forward, help each container get its fair share of memory disk I/O, CPU,

and much more. So, a container cannot bring down an entire host by exhausting all

the resources available on it. This will help to ensure that even if an application is

misbehaving that the other containers won't be affected by this application and your

other applications can be assured uptime.

Attack surface of Docker daemon

While Docker does ease some of the complicated work in the virtualization world,

it is easy to forget to think about the security implications of running containers

on your Docker hosts. The largest concern you need to be aware of is that Docker

requires root privileges to operate. For this reason, you need to be aware of who

has access to your Docker hosts and the Docker daemon as they will have full

administrative access to all your Docker containers and images on your Docker host.

They can start new containers, stop existing ones, remove images, pull new images,

and even recongure running containers as well by injecting commands into them.

They can also extract sensitive information like passwords and certicates from

the containers. For this reason, make sure to also separate important containers if

you do need to keep separate controls on who has access to your Docker daemon.

This is for containers where people have a need for access to the Docker host where

the containers are running. If a user needs API access then that is different and

separation might not be necessary. For example, keep containers that are sensitive

on one Docker host, while keeping normal operation containers running on another

Docker host and grant permissions for other staff access to the Docker daemon

on the unprivileged host. If possible, it is also recommended to drop the setuid

and setgid capabilities from containers that will be running on your hosts. If you

are going to run Docker, it's recommended to only use Docker on this server and

not other applications. Docker also starts containers with a very restricted set of

capabilities, which works in your favor to address security concerns.

Chapter 1

[ 5 ]

To drop the setuid or setgid capabilities when you start a Docker

container, you will need to do something similar to the following:

$ docker run -d --cap-drop SETGID --cap-drop SETUID nginx

This would start the nginx container and would drop the SETGID and

SETUID capabilities for the container.

Docker's end goal is to map the root user to a non-root user that exists on the Docker

host. They also are working towards allowing the Docker daemon to run without

requiring root privileges. These future improvements will only help facilitate how

much focus Docker does take when they are implementing their feature sets.

Protecting the Docker daemon

To protect the Docker daemon even more, we can secure the communications

that our Docker daemon is using. We can do this by generating certicates and

keys. There are are few terms to understand before we dive into the creation of the

certicates and keys. A Certicate Authority (CA) is an entity that issues certicates.

This certicate certies the ownership of the public key by the subject that is

specied in the certicate. By doing this, we can ensure that your Docker daemon

will only accept communication from other daemons that have a certicate that was

also signed by the same CA.

Now, we will be looking at how to ensure that the containers you will be running on

top of your Docker hosts will be secure in a few pages; however, rst and foremost,

you want to make sure the Docker daemon is running securely. To do this, there are

some parameters you will need to enable for when the daemon starts. Some of the

things you will need beforehand will be as follows:

1. Create a CA.

$ openssl genrsa -aes256 -out ca-key.pem 4096

Generating RSA private key, 4096 bit long modulus

..................................................................

................++

..................................................................

..++

e is 65537 (0x10001)

Enter pass phrase for ca-key.pem:

Verifying - Enter pass phrase for ca-key.pem:

剩余125页未读，继续阅读

爱琴忆海

粉丝: 250
资源: 403

保护Docker环境：安全指南

Learning.Docker.1784397938

Complete-NGINX-Cookbook-2019.pdf

jHipster.zip

numexpr-2.8.3-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl

ujson-5.3.0-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl

基于MATLAB车牌识别程序技术实现面板GUI.zip

RJFireWall-maste赛资源

msgpack-1.0.4-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl

基于 YOLOv11 的混凝土缺陷检测系统（包含详细的完整的程序和数据）

用 Python 实现简单网页爬虫并保存为CSV教程.txt

最新资源