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PostgreSQL 12.2中文手册v1.0:权威指南与翻译团队
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更新于2024-07-15
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《PostgreSQL 12.2中文手册》是由全球PostgreSQL开发团队编写的官方文档,针对PostgreSQL 12.2版本提供了详尽的技术指导和用户指南。该手册是基于前一版本《PostgreSQL 11.2手册》进行翻译而成,旨在帮助中国及全球的PostgreSQL用户理解和使用这款强大的开源对象关系型数据库系统。
彭煜玮副教授作为主要翻译者之一,他的贡献使得中文版的手册质量得到了提升,特别是自PostgreSQL 9.6版本以来,中文手册逐渐成为中文使用者的重要参考资料。文档翻译组包括volunteers如chegong18、sizhitu、sunshinerxu等人,他们在翻译过程中不断优化和完善文档内容,确保了信息的准确性和实用性。
手册涵盖了PostgreSQL 12.2的各个方面,包括但不限于数据库设计、SQL语法、数据类型、存储过程、并发控制、索引、事务处理、备份恢复、扩展功能以及安全性和性能优化等内容。用户可以从中学习如何高效地操作和管理数据库,解决实际工作中遇到的问题。
版权方面,PostgreSQL及其文档由PostgreSQL Global Development Group持有,自1996年至2019年。而Postgres95则由加州大学的监管机构享有版权。手册的使用许可允许在任何目的下免费使用、修改和分发,但必须保留版权信息和相关条款,包括不承担法律责任的声明。
如果你在阅读中文手册时发现错误或需要改进的地方,可以直接通过GitHub源代码仓库提交问题报告或修订请求,以便持续改进这份宝贵的资源。截至2020年7月25日,该版本为1.0版,反映了PostgreSQL 12.2的最新特性。
《PostgreSQL 12.2中文手册》是PostgreSQL用户不可多得的学习工具,无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者,都能从中获得宝贵的知识和帮助。
PostgreSQL 12.2 手册
51.8. pg_authid .................................................. 1882
51.9. pg_auth_members ............................................ 1883
51.10. pg_cast ................................................... 1884
51.11. pg_class .................................................. 1885
51.12. pg_collation .............................................. 1888
51.13. pg_constraint ............................................. 1889
51.14. pg_conversion ............................................. 1891
51.15. pg_database ............................................... 1891
51.16. pg_db_role_setting ........................................ 1893
51.17. pg_default_acl ............................................ 1893
51.18. pg_depend ................................................. 1894
51.19. pg_description ............................................ 1895
51.20. pg_enum ................................................... 1896
51.21. pg_event_trigger .......................................... 1896
51.22. pg_extension .............................................. 1897
51.23. pg_foreign_data_wrapper ................................... 1897
51.24. pg_foreign_server ......................................... 1898
51.25. pg_foreign_table .......................................... 1898
51.26. pg_index .................................................. 1899
51.27. pg_inherits ............................................... 1901
51.28. pg_init_privs ............................................. 1901
51.29. pg_language ............................................... 1902
51.30. pg_largeobject ............................................ 1903
51.31. pg_largeobject_metadata ................................... 1903
51.32. pg_namespace .............................................. 1903
51.33. pg_opclass ................................................ 1904
51.34. pg_operator ............................................... 1904
51.35. pg_opfamily ............................................... 1905
51.36. pg_partitioned_table ...................................... 1906
51.37. pg_pltemplate ............................................. 1906
51.38. pg_policy ................................................. 1907
51.39. pg_proc ................................................... 1908
51.40. pg_publication ............................................ 1911
51.41. pg_publication_rel ........................................ 1912
51.42. pg_range .................................................. 1912
51.43. pg_replication_origin ..................................... 1912
51.44. pg_rewrite ................................................ 1913
51.45. pg_seclabel ............................................... 1913
51.46. pg_sequence ............................................... 1914
51.47. pg_shdepend ............................................... 1914
51.48. pg_shdescription .......................................... 1915
51.49. pg_shseclabel ............................................. 1916
51.50. pg_statistic .............................................. 1916
51.51. pg_statistic_ext .......................................... 1918
51.52. pg_statistic_ext_data ..................................... 1918
51.53. pg_subscription ........................................... 1919
51.54. pg_subscription_rel ....................................... 1919
51.55. pg_tablespace ............................................. 1920
51.56. pg_transform .............................................. 1920
51.57. pg_trigger ................................................ 1921
51.58. pg_ts_config .............................................. 1922
51.59. pg_ts_config_map .......................................... 1923
51.60. pg_ts_dict ................................................ 1923
51.61. pg_ts_parser .............................................. 1924
51.62. pg_ts_template ............................................ 1924
51.63. pg_type ................................................... 1924
51.64. pg_user_mapping ........................................... 1930
51.65. 系统视图 .................................................. 1930
xvi
PostgreSQL 12.2 手册
51.66. pg_available_extensions ................................... 1931
51.67. pg_available_extension_versions ........................... 1932
51.68. pg_config ................................................. 1932
51.69. pg_cursors ................................................ 1933
51.70. pg_file_settings .......................................... 1933
51.71. pg_group .................................................. 1934
51.72. pg_hba_file_rules ......................................... 1934
51.73. pg_indexes ................................................ 1935
51.74. pg_locks .................................................. 1935
51.75. pg_matviews ............................................... 1938
51.76. pg_policies ............................................... 1938
51.77. pg_prepared_statements .................................... 1939
51.78. pg_prepared_xacts ......................................... 1939
51.79. pg_publication_tables ..................................... 1940
51.80. pg_replication_origin_status .............................. 1940
51.81. pg_replication_slots ...................................... 1941
51.82. pg_roles .................................................. 1942
51.83. pg_rules .................................................. 1943
51.84. pg_seclabels .............................................. 1943
51.85. pg_sequences .............................................. 1944
51.86. pg_settings ............................................... 1944
51.87. pg_shadow ................................................. 1946
51.88. pg_stats .................................................. 1947
51.89. pg_stats_ext .............................................. 1948
51.90. pg_tables ................................................. 1950
51.91. pg_timezone_abbrevs ....................................... 1950
51.92. pg_timezone_names ......................................... 1951
51.93. pg_user ................................................... 1951
51.94. pg_user_mappings .......................................... 1951
51.95. pg_views .................................................. 1952
52. 前端/后端协议 ..................................................... 1953
52.1. 概述 ....................................................... 1953
52.2. 消息流 ..................................................... 1954
52.3. SASL认证 ................................................... 1965
52.4. 流复制协议 ................................................. 1966
52.5. 逻辑流复制协议 ............................................. 1973
52.6. 消息数据类型 ............................................... 1973
52.7. 消息格式 ................................................... 1974
52.8. 错误和通知消息域 ........................................... 1990
52.9. 逻辑复制消息格式 ........................................... 1992
52.10. 自协议2.0以来的变化总结 ................................... 1996
53. PostgreSQL编码习惯 ................................................ 1998
53.1. 格式化 ..................................................... 1998
53.2. 在服务器中报告错误 ......................................... 1998
53.3. 错误消息风格指导 ........................................... 2001
53.4. 其他编码习惯 ............................................... 2005
54. 本国语言支持 ...................................................... 2007
54.1. 给翻译者 ................................................... 2007
54.2. 给编程者 ................................................... 2009
55. 编写一个过程语言处理器 ............................................ 2012
56. 编写一个外部数据包装器 ............................................ 2015
56.1. 外部数据包装器函数 ......................................... 2015
56.2. 外部数据包装器回调例程 ..................................... 2015
56.3. 外部数据包装器助手函数 ..................................... 2027
56.4. 外部数据包装器查询规划 ..................................... 2028
56.5. 外部数据包装器中的行锁定 ................................... 2030
57. 编写一种表采样方法 ................................................ 2032
57.1. 采样方法支持函数 ........................................... 2032
xvii
PostgreSQL 12.2 手册
58. 编写一个自定义扫描提供者 .......................................... 2035
58.1. 创建自定义扫描路径 ......................................... 2035
58.2. 创建自定义扫描计划 ......................................... 2036
58.3. 执行自定义扫描 ............................................. 2037
59. 遗传查询优化器 .................................................... 2040
59.1. 将查询处理看成是一个复杂的优化问题 ......................... 2040
59.2. 遗传算法 ................................................... 2040
59.3. PostgreSQL 中的遗传查询优化(GEQO) ........................ 2041
59.4. 进一步阅读 ................................................. 2042
60. 表访问方法接口定义 ................................................ 2043
61. 索引访问方法接口定义 .............................................. 2044
61.1. 索引的基本 API 结构 ....................................... 2044
61.2. 索引访问方法函数 ........................................... 2046
61.3. 索引扫描 ................................................... 2051
61.4. 索引锁定考虑 ............................................... 2052
61.5. 索引唯一性检查 ............................................. 2053
61.6. 索引开销估计函数 ........................................... 2054
62. 通用WAL 记录 ..................................................... 2057
63. B-树索引 .......................................................... 2059
63.1. 简介 ....................................................... 2059
63.2. B-树操作符类的行为 ......................................... 2059
63.3. B-树支持函数 ............................................... 2060
63.4. 实现 ....................................................... 2061
64. GiST 索引 ........................................................ 2062
64.1. 简介 ....................................................... 2062
64.2. 内建操作符类 ............................................... 2062
64.3. 可扩展性 ................................................... 2063
64.4. 实现 ....................................................... 2071
64.5. 示例 ....................................................... 2071
65. SP-GiST索引 ....................................................... 2073
65.1. 简介 ....................................................... 2073
65.2. 内建操作符类 ............................................... 2073
65.3. 可扩展性 ................................................... 2073
65.4. 实现 ....................................................... 2080
65.5. 例子 ....................................................... 2081
66. GIN 索引 ......................................................... 2082
66.1. 简介 ....................................................... 2082
66.2. 内建操作符类 ............................................... 2082
66.3. 可扩展性 ................................................... 2082
66.4. 实现 ....................................................... 2085
66.5. GIN 提示和技巧 ............................................. 2086
66.6. 限制 ....................................................... 2086
66.7. 例子 ....................................................... 2086
67. BRIN 索引 ........................................................ 2088
67.1. 简介 ....................................................... 2088
67.2. 内建操作符类 ............................................... 2088
67.3. 可扩展性 ................................................... 2089
68. 数据库物理存储 .................................................... 2093
68.1. 数据库文件布局 ............................................. 2093
68.2. TOAST ...................................................... 2095
68.3. 空闲空间映射 ............................................... 2097
68.4. 可见性映射 ................................................. 2097
68.5. 初始化分支 ................................................. 2097
68.6. 数据库页面布局 ............................................. 2098
69. 系统目录声明和初始内容 ............................................ 2101
69.1. 系统目录声明规则 ........................................... 2101
69.2. 系统目录初始数据 ........................................... 2102
69.3. BKI文件格式 ................................................ 2106
xviii
PostgreSQL 12.2 手册
69.4. BKI命令 .................................................... 2106
69.5. 自举BKI文件的结构 .......................................... 2107
69.6. BKI例子 .................................................... 2108
70. 规划器如何使用统计信息 ............................................ 2109
70.1. 行估计例子 ................................................. 2109
70.2. 多变量统计例子 ............................................. 2114
70.3. 规划器统计和安全 ........................................... 2117
VIII. 附录 ................................................................. 2118
A. PostgreSQL错误代码 ................................................. 2124
B. 日期/时间支持 ...................................................... 2132
B.1. 日期/时间输入解释 ........................................... 2132
B.2. 处理无效或不明确的时间戳 .................................... 2133
B.3. 日期/时间关键词 ............................................. 2134
B.4. 日期/时间配置文件 ........................................... 2134
B.5. 单位的历史 .................................................. 2136
C. SQL关键词 .......................................................... 2138
D. SQL 符合性 ........................................................ 2163
D.1. 已支持特性 .................................................. 2164
D.2. 未支持特性 .................................................. 2182
D.3. XML对于SQL的限制和符合性/XML ................................ 2196
E. 版本说明 ........................................................... 2200
E.1. 版本 12.2 ................................................... 2200
E.2. 版本 12.1 ................................................... 2205
E.3. 版本 12 ..................................................... 2208
E.4. 先前的版本 .................................................. 2229
F. 额外提供的模块 ..................................................... 2230
F.1. adminpack ................................................... 2230
F.2. amcheck ..................................................... 2231
F.3. auth_delay .................................................. 2234
F.4. auto_explain ................................................ 2234
F.5. bloom ....................................................... 2237
F.6. btree_gin ................................................... 2240
F.7. btree_gist .................................................. 2240
F.8. citext ...................................................... 2242
F.9. cube ........................................................ 2244
F.10. dblink ..................................................... 2248
F.11. dict_int ................................................... 2277
F.12. dict_xsyn .................................................. 2277
F.13. earthdistance .............................................. 2279
F.14. file_fdw ................................................... 2280
F.15. fuzzystrmatch .............................................. 2282
F.16. hstore ..................................................... 2285
F.17. intagg ..................................................... 2291
F.18. intarray ................................................... 2292
F.19. isn ........................................................ 2294
F.20. lo ......................................................... 2297
F.21. ltree ...................................................... 2298
F.22. pageinspect ................................................ 2304
F.23. passwordcheck .............................................. 2311
F.24. pg_buffercache ............................................. 2312
F.25. pgcrypto ................................................... 2313
F.26. pg_freespacemap ............................................ 2324
F.27. pg_prewarm ................................................. 2325
F.28. pgrowlocks ................................................. 2326
F.29. pg_stat_statements ......................................... 2327
F.30. pgstattuple ................................................ 2333
F.31. pg_trgm .................................................... 2336
F.32. pg_visibility .............................................. 2342
xix
PostgreSQL 12.2 手册
F.33. postgres_fdw ............................................... 2343
F.34. seg ........................................................ 2348
F.35. sepgsql .................................................... 2350
F.36. spi ........................................................ 2357
F.37. sslinfo .................................................... 2359
F.38. tablefunc .................................................. 2360
F.39. tcn ........................................................ 2369
F.40. test_decoding .............................................. 2370
F.41. tsm_system_rows ............................................ 2371
F.42. tsm_system_time ............................................ 2371
F.43. unaccent ................................................... 2372
F.44. uuid-ossp .................................................. 2373
F.45. xml2 ....................................................... 2375
G. 额外提供的程序 ..................................................... 2380
G.1. 客户端应用 .................................................. 2380
G.2. 服务器应用 .................................................. 2387
H. 外部项目 ........................................................... 2391
H.1. 客户端接口 .................................................. 2391
H.2. 管理工具 .................................................... 2391
H.3. 过程语言 .................................................... 2391
H.4. 扩展 ........................................................ 2392
I. 源代码仓库 ......................................................... 2393
I.1. 通过Git得到源码 ............................................. 2393
J. 文档 ............................................................... 2394
J.1. DocBook ..................................................... 2394
J.2. 工具集 ...................................................... 2394
J.3. 编译文档 .................................................... 2396
J.4. 文档创作 .................................................... 2397
J.5. 样式指导 .................................................... 2397
K. PostgreSQL限制 ..................................................... 2400
L. 首字母缩写词 ....................................................... 2401
参考书目 ................................................................... 2407
索引 ....................................................................... 2409
xx
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