Hspice 2001.4详细使用教程：仿真与验证指南

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HSPICE（Hierarchical SPICE）是一款广泛应用于电子电路设计的高级模拟电路仿真软件。本文档是星形HSPICE用户指南的2001.4版本，发布于2001年12月，旨在为开发人员提供详细的使用教程。HSPICE允许设计师对电路进行精确的模拟分析，包括直流、交流、噪声分析以及瞬态行为预测，从而帮助优化设计过程中的性能和可靠性。 HSPICE的核心功能包括： 1. **电路建模**：支持多种元器件模型，如电阻、电容、电感、晶体管等，用户可以根据实际应用选择合适的模型来构建电路。 2. **电路仿真**：通过分层结构，HSPICE能够处理复杂的电路网络，包括子电路模块化设计，便于管理和复用。它支持直流（DC）、交流小信号分析（AC）、噪声分析（Noise Analysis）和瞬态响应分析（Transient Analysis）。 3. **参数提取**：HSPICE能根据电路特性自动计算并提取关键参数，如增益、相位、频率响应等，用于设计验证和性能评估。 4. **调试和报告**：提供强大的调试工具，如波形查看、参数修改、断点设置等，同时生成详细的仿真报告，方便用户理解和分析结果。 5. **兼容性与扩展**：由于HSPICE的开放性和标准性，它与其他电路仿真软件（如LTSpice、PSpice等）有一定的互操作性，同时也支持自定义模型，以便用户根据特定技术需求扩展其功能。 6. **版权与免责声明**：文档强调了所有权利归Avant! Corporation及其子公司所有，并声明使用时需遵守版权法。用户在使用HSPICE过程中，需了解并接受软件的使用限制，包括不保证适合特定用途、无销售或分销保修、以及对潜在问题的责任豁免，特别是涉及特殊、间接或附带损害的责任。 HSPICE用户指南提供了详尽的操作指南，对于希望使用HSPICE进行电路设计和仿真的工程师来说，是不可或缺的参考资料。通过理解并遵循指南中的步骤，用户可以高效地利用这款强大的电路仿真工具，提高设计质量和效率。

xvi Star-Hspice User Guide, Release 2001.4

Pole/Zero Control Options ..............................................................9-35

Transient and AC Small Signal Analysis ..............................................9-38

Accuracy .........................................................................................9-38

Speed ...............................................................................................9-42

Timestep ..........................................................................................9-43

Algorithm ........................................................................................9-47

Input and Output .............................................................................9-50

Chapter 10 - Initializing DC/Operating Point Analysis.............................. 10-1

Understanding the Simulation Flow .....................................................10-2

Performing Initialization and Analysis .................................................10-3

Setting Initial Conditions for Transient Analysis ...........................10-5

Using DC Initialization and Operating Point Statements .....................10-6

.OP Statement — Operating Point ..................................................10-6

Element Statement IC Parameter ....................................................10-8

.IC and .DCVOLT Initial Condition Statements ............................10-9

.NODESET Statement ..................................................................10-10

Using .SAVE and .LOAD Statements ..........................................10-11

.DC Statement—DC Sweeps ..............................................................10-14

Using Other DC Analysis Statements .................................................10-19

.SENS Statement — DC Sensitivity Analysis ..............................10-19

.TF Statement — DC Small-Signal Transfer Function

Analysis ....................................................................................10-20

.PZ Statement— Pole/Zero Analysis ............................................10-21

Setting DC Initialization Control Options ..........................................10-22

Option Descriptions ......................................................................10-22

Pole/Zero Analysis Options ..........................................................10-31

Specifying Accuracy and Convergence ..............................................10-33

Accuracy Tolerances .....................................................................10-33

Accuracy Control Options ............................................................10-35

Star-Hspice User Guide, Release 2001.4 xvii

Convergence Control Option Descriptions ...................................10-36

Autoconverge Process ...................................................................10-42

Reducing DC Errors ............................................................................10-45

Shorted Element Nodes .................................................................10-47

Conductance Insertion Using DCSTEP ........................................10-47

Floating Point Overflow ...............................................................10-48

Diagnosing Convergence Problems ....................................................10-49

Nonconvergence Diagnostic Table ...............................................10-49

Traceback of Nonconvergence Source .........................................10-51

Solutions for Nonconvergent Circuits ..........................................10-51

Chapter 11 - Performing Transient Analysis............................................... 11-1

Understanding the Simulation Flow .....................................................11-2

Understanding Transient Analysis ........................................................11-3

Initial Conditions for Transient Analysis ........................................11-3

Using the .TRAN Statement .................................................................11-4

Syntax .............................................................................................11-4

Using the .BIASCHK Statement ...........................................................11-9

Options for the .biaschk command ...............................................11-11

Understanding the Control Options ....................................................11-12

Method Options ............................................................................11-12

Tolerance Options .........................................................................11-16

Limit Options ................................................................................11-22

Matrix Manipulation Options .......................................................11-25

Controlling Simulation Speed and Accuracy ......................................11-26

Simulation Speed ..........................................................................11-26

Simulation Accuracy .....................................................................11-27

Numerical Integration Algorithm Controls .........................................11-30

xviii Star-Hspice User Guide, Release 2001.4

Selecting Timestep Control Algorithms .............................................11-34

Iteration Count Dynamic Timestep Algorithm .............................11-35

Local Truncation Error (LTE) Dynamic Timestep Algorithm .....11-36

DVDT Dynamic Timestep Algorithm ..........................................11-36

User Timestep Controls ................................................................11-37

Performing Fourier Analysis ...............................................................11-39

.FOUR Statement ..........................................................................11-40

.FFT Statement ..............................................................................11-43

FFT Analysis Output ....................................................................11-46

Chapter 12 - AC Sweep and Small Signal Analysis..................................... 12-1

Understanding AC Small Signal Analysis ............................................12-2

Using the .AC Statement .......................................................................12-4

Syntax ............................................................................................12-4

AC Control Options ........................................................................12-7

Using Other AC Analysis Statements ...................................................12-9

.DISTO Statement — AC Small-Signal Distortion Analysis .........12-9

.NOISE Statement — AC Noise Analysis ....................................12-11

.SAMPLE Statement — Noise Folding Analysis .........................12-13

.NET Statement - AC Network Analysis ......................................12-14

Chapter 13 - Statistical Analysis and Optimization .................................... 13-1

Specifying Analytical Model Types .....................................................13-2

Simulating Circuit and Model Temperatures ........................................13-4

Temperature Analysis .....................................................................13-5

.TEMP Statement ............................................................................13-6

Performing Worst Case Analysis ..........................................................13-8

Model Skew Parameters .................................................................13-8

Performing Monte Carlo Analysis ......................................................13-14

Monte Carlo Setup ........................................................................13-14

Star-Hspice User Guide, Release 2001.4 xix

Monte Carlo Output ......................................................................13-15

.PARAM Distribution Function Syntax ........................................13-16

Monte Carlo Parameter Distribution Summary ............................13-18

Monte Carlo Examples .................................................................13-19

Worst Case and Monte Carlo Sweep Example ...................................13-26

HSPICE Input File ........................................................................13-26

Transient Sigma Sweep Results ....................................................13-28

Monte Carlo Results .....................................................................13-30

Optimization .......................................................................................13-35

Optimization Control ....................................................................13-36

Simulation Accuracy .....................................................................13-36

Curve Fit Optimization .................................................................13-37

Goal Optimization .........................................................................13-37

Performing Timing Analysis .........................................................13-37

Understanding the Optimization Syntax .......................................13-38

Optimization Examples .......................................................................13-44

MOS Level 3 Model DC Optimization .........................................13-44

MOS Level 13 Model DC Optimization .......................................13-48

RC Network Optimization ............................................................13-50

CMOS Tristate Buffer Optimization ............................................13-54

BJT S Parameters Optimization ....................................................13-59

BJT Model DC Optimization ........................................................13-63

GaAsFET Model DC Optimization ..............................................13-66

MOS Op-amp Optimization ..........................................................13-69

Chapter 14 - Using the Common Model Interface ...................................... 14-1

Understanding CMI ..............................................................................14-2

Examining the Directory Structure .......................................................14-3

Running Simulations with CMI Models ...............................................14-4

Supported Platforms ..............................................................................14-5

xx Star-Hspice User Guide, Release 2001.4

Adding Proprietary MOS Models .........................................................14-6

Creating a CMI Shared Library ......................................................14-6

Testing CMI Models ...........................................................................14-12

Model Interface Routines ....................................................................14-13

Interface Variables ..............................................................................14-18

pModel, pInstance .........................................................................14-19

CMI_ResetModel ..........................................................................14-20

CMI_ResetInstance .......................................................................14-21

CMI_AssignModelParm ...............................................................14-21

CMI_AssignInstanceParm ............................................................14-22

CMI_SetupModel .........................................................................14-23

CMI_SetupInstance .......................................................................14-24

CMI_Evaluate ...............................................................................14-24

CMI_DiodeEval ............................................................................14-26

CMI_Noise ....................................................................................14-27

CMI_PrintModel ...........................................................................14-28

CMI_FreeModel ...........................................................................14-29

CMI_FreeInstance .........................................................................14-30

CMI_WriteError ...........................................................................14-31

CMI_Start .....................................................................................14-32

CMI_Conclude ..............................................................................14-32

CMI Function Calling Protocol ....................................................14-32

Internal Routines .................................................................................14-34

Supporting Extended Topology ..........................................................14-36

Conventions ........................................................................................14-38

Bias Polarity Conventions for N- and P-channel Devices ............14-38

Source-Drain Reversal Conventions .............................................14-39

Thread-Safe Model Code ..............................................................14-40

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