阿兰·图灵的思维机器与智能测验：JSTOR上的经典论文解析
需积分: 10 152 浏览量
更新于2024-07-18
收藏 2.31MB PDF 举报
"《计算机器与智能》（Computing Machinery and Intelligence），是由英国数学家、计算机科学先驱阿兰·图灵（A.M. Turing）撰写的一篇经典论文，收录于1950年10月的《心灵》（Mind）杂志第59卷第236期，页码433-460。这篇论文在当时提出了著名的“图灵测试”（Turing Test），这是一种评估机器是否能展现出人类智能水平的标准，即通过模拟游戏来检验机器能否模仿人类的思维和交流方式。
在文中，图灵设想了一个场景，一个人通过打字的方式与两个实体进行交谈，一个是人，另一个是机器。如果被试者无法准确区分哪个是人、哪个是机器，那么这个机器就达到了人类智能的水平，因为它能够成功地模拟人类的思维过程。这个测试概念至今仍是人工智能领域衡量机器智能的重要标准之一。
《计算机器与智能》不仅阐述了图灵测试的核心思想，还在论文中探讨了机器学习、逻辑推理以及语言处理等相关议题，对后续的计算机科学和人工智能发展产生了深远影响。图灵在这篇文章中提出的许多观点，如通用图灵机（Universal Turing Machine）的概念，奠定了现代计算机理论的基础。
这篇论文的数字化存档由牛津大学出版社和心灵协会（Mind Association）与JSTOR合作完成，旨在保护和扩大学术资源的可访问性。读者在阅读时需要接受JSTOR的服务条款和条件，该档案的稳定网址为http://www.jstor.org/stable/2251299，最后一次访问日期为2015年8月12日。
阿兰·图灵的工作，尤其是他在《计算机器与智能》中的贡献，对计算机科学、哲学和认知科学等多个领域产生了不可估量的影响，他的思想挑战了人类对智能和意识的本质理解，并且激发了无数科研人员探索人工智能的可能性。如今，图灵测试作为衡量机器是否具备“人类水平”的智力的标准，仍为现代AI研究提供了重要的参考框架。"
COMPUTING
MACHINERY
AND
INTELLIGENCE
437
danger
of
circularity
of
argument.
We
avoid
this
by
giving
an
outline
of
the
means
by
which
the
desired
effect
is
achieved.
A
digital
computer
can
usually be
regarded
as
consisting
of
three
parts:
(i)
Store.
(ii)
Executive
unit.
(iii)
Control.
The
store is
a
store
of
information,
and
corresponds
to
the
human
computer's
paper,
whether
this is
the
paper
on
which
he
does
his
calculations
or
that
on
which
his
book
of
rules
is
printed.
In
so
far as the
human
computer
does
calculations in
his
head
a
part
of
the
store will
correspond
to
his
memory.
The
executive
unit
is
the
part
which
carries
out
the
various
individual
operations
involved
in a
calculation.
What
these
individual
operations
are
will
vary
from
machine
to
machine.
Usually
fairly
lengthy
operations can
be
done
such as
'Multiply
3540675445
by
7076345687'
but
in
some
machines
only
very
simple ones
such as
'Write
down 0
'
are
possible.
We have
mentioned
that the
'
book
of
rules-'
supplied
to
the
computer
is
replaced
in
the
machine
by
a
part
of the
store.
It
is
then
called
the
'table
of
instructions'.
It
is
the
duty
of
the
control
to
see
that
these
instructions
are
obeyed
correctly
and in
the
right
order.
The
control
is
so
constructed
that
this
necessarily
happens.
The
information
in
the
store is
usually
broken
up
into
packets
of
moderately
small
size.
In
one
machine,
for
instance,
a
packet
might
consist of
ten
decimal
digits. Numbers are
assigned
to
the
parts
of
the
store
in
which
the
various
packets of information
are
stored,
in
some
systematic
manner.
A
typical
instruction
might
say-
'Add
the number
stored
in
position
6809 to
that
in
4302 and
put
the
result
back
into
the
latter
storage
position'.
Needless
to
say it would
not
occur
in
the
machine
expressed
in
English.
It
would more
likely
be
coded in a form
such as
6809430217. Here
17
says
which of
various
possible
operations
is
to be
performed
on
the
two
numbers. In
this
case
the
opera-
tion
is
that
described
above,
viz.
'Add the number. . .
.' It
will
be
noticed
that the
instruction
takes
up
10
digits
and
so
forms
one
packet
of
information,
very
conveniently.
The control
will
normally
take the
instructions to be
obeyed
in
the order
of
the
positions
in
which
they
are
stored,
but
occasionally
an
in-
struction such as
This content downloaded from 129.82.198.7 on Wed, 12 Aug 2015 15:16:08 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
剩余28页未读，继续阅读
2021-02-14 上传
2021-03-16 上传
2021-05-05 上传
2021-06-22 上传
2021-06-21 上传
2021-03-28 上传
2021-05-11 上传
2021-03-31 上传
2021-06-06 上传
就想默默地换个昵称
- 粉丝: 0
- 资源: 11
我的内容管理
展开
最新资源
- 全国江河水系图层shp文件包下载
- 点云二值化测试数据集的详细解读
- JDiskCat：跨平台开源磁盘目录工具
- 加密FS模块：实现动态文件加密的Node.js包
- 宠物小精灵记忆配对游戏：强化你的命名记忆
- React入门教程：创建React应用与脚本使用指南
- Linux和Unix文件标记解决方案：贝岭的matlab代码
- Unity射击游戏UI套件：支持C#与多种屏幕布局
- MapboxGL Draw自定义模式：高效切割多边形方法
- C语言课程设计：计算机程序编辑语言的应用与优势
- 吴恩达课程手写实现Python优化器和网络模型
- PFT_2019项目：ft_printf测试器的新版测试规范
- MySQL数据库备份Shell脚本使用指南
- Ohbug扩展实现屏幕录像功能
- Ember CLI 插件：ember-cli-i18n-lazy-lookup 实现高效国际化
- Wireshark网络调试工具：中文支持的网口发包与分析
